economics; (b) soils; (c) crops; (d) animal, dairy, or poultry husbandry; (e) feeds and feeding or animal nutrition; (f) agricultural engineering.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Technical experience in the fields of rural rehabilitation work, vocational agriculture, soil conservation or agricultural extension.

Experience involving responsibility for the operation or management of a farm. [Subparagraph (20) amended Sept. 30, 1947, 12 F.R. 6447]

(21) Geneticist. Geneticists will assist in research or other scientific or professional work in the field of plant or animal genetics, including breeding programs and investigation of the inheritance of economically important characteristics such as yield and resistance to disease and insects, and other similar activities. They will assist in related cytogenetical and cytotaxonomic studies. These duties require a working knowledge of the basic principles, concepts and terminology of genetics in relation to plant and animal breeding.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(i) A full 4-year course, in a college or university of recognized standing, leading to a bachelor's degree with a major in a biological science with six semester hours in genetics including cytogenetics.

(ii) Courses in biological science with a minimum of six semester hours in genetics and cytogenetics in a college or university of recognized standing consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling at least 20 semester hours plus additional appropriate experience or education which when combined with the prescribed 20 semester hours will total 4 years of education and experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Subprofessional or professional laboratory work which provided a means of obtaining a working knowledge of the theory and application of the scientific principles of a biological science.

Experience in abstracting, editing of translating reports or scientific literature in genetics or closely related fields. Research experiences in genetics or related fields.

Work in genetics of a professional nature.

(22) Home economist. Home economists perform research or other scientific or professional work in the field of home economics. They will provide homemaking education and guidance to farm families; perform laboratory research in one or more specialized areas of home economics; carry on statistical or economic studies of family economics, food consumption, or nutritional status. These duties require a working knowledge of the principles, concept and terminology of home economics, home management, family economic problems, foods and nutrition, textiles and clothing, economics, sociology and statistics.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(i) A full 4-year course in a college or university of recognized standing leading to a degree with a major in home economics; or

(ii) Courses in home economics in a college or university of recognized standing consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling at least 24 semester hours plus additional appropriate education or experience which when combined with the 24 semester hours in home economics will total 4 years of education and experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted as meeting the 4year requirement:

Teaching home economics.

Experience as a laboratory assistant in a research laboratory engaged in research related to the field of home economics.

Experience as the supervisor of a quantity food service.

Participation in statistical or economic research related to the field of home economics.

Technical experience in home demonstration work with farm families.

(ii) Courses in plant science totaling at least 20 semester hours including at least 10 semester hours of plant physiology in a college or university of recognized standing consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work; plus additional appropriate education or experience which when combined with the 20 semester hours in plant science will total 4 years of education or experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Subprofessional or professional laboratory work which provided a means of obtaining a working knowledge of the theory and application of the scientific principles of a natural science.

Experience in abstracting, editing or translating reports or scientific literature in plant physiology or closely related fields.

Research experience in plant physiology or related fields.

Work in plant physiology of a professional grade, such as described in the duties of the positions to be filled from this examination.

(26) Poultry husbandman. Poultry husbandmen will assist in research or other professional or scientific work in the care, breeding and feeding of poultry and in the investigation of the effect of environment on poultry products. The duties of this position require a working knowledge of the principles, concepts and terminology of animal husbandry, poultry husbandry, animal nutrition, and animal breeding.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(1) A full 4-year course in a college or university of recognized standing leading to a degree with a major in poultry husbandry or in animal husbandry including at least one course in poultry husbandry; or,

(ii) Courses in poultry husbandry or poultry husbandry and animal husbandry combined, in a college or university of recognized standing consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling 20 semester hours plus additional appropriate education or experience which when combined with the prescribed courses will total 4 years of education and experience and give the

applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Responsible experience with an experimental poultry flock.

Responsible experience with a large commercial poultry flock or hatchery.

(27) Soil conservationist. Soil conservationists advise on or perform technical or other professional and scientific work in the field of soil conservation, involving farm planning and soil or water conservation practices. The duties of this position require a practical working knowledge of the basic principles, concepts and terminology of water conservation, sound land use, and control and prevention of soil erosion.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(i) A full 4-year course, in a college or university of recognized standing, leading to a bachelor's degree with a major in soil conservation or one of the other agricultural sciences; or,

(ii) Courses in soil conservation or one of the other related agricultural sciences acceptable toward a degree in a college or university of recognized standing, consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling at least 40 semester hours, including at least one course in each of the following groups: (a) soils or soil conservation; (b) woodland management, plant ecology or economic biology; (c) farm crops and pasture management; (d) feeds and feeding or animal nutrition; (e) farm or range management or agricultural economics; (f) farm drainage, hydraulics, hydrology or plane surveying; plus additional appropriate experience or education which when combined with the 40 semester hours will total 4 years of education or experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course in agricultural science.

Applicants for positions in range country must show at least one course in range management.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Technical experience in the fields of soil conservation, agricultural extension or rural rehabilitation work.

Soil scientists will

(28) Soil scientist. assist in research or other scientific or professional work in the field of soil science including making soil classification surveys, recommending soil management treatments; assuming major responsibility for elementary soil tests and analyses. The duties of this position require a working knowledge of the basic principles, concepts and terminology of soil science.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(i) A full 4-year course in a college or university of recognized standing leading to a bachelor's degree with a major in soils or closely related subjects (agronomy, physical geography, geology (not economic)); or,

(11) Courses in soils or closely related subjects (agronomy, physical geography, geology (not economic)), in a college or university of recognized standing consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling at least 20 semester hours; plus additional appropriate experience or education which when combined with the 20 semester hours will total 4 years of education and experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year course.

The following are types of qualifying experience which will be acceptable in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Responsible experience with a soil survey crew.

Responsible experience in a soils laboratory.

Teaching experience in soils.

(29) Zoologist (Parasitology). Zoologists will assist in performing research or other professional or scientific work in the field or laboratory relating to parasites and parasitic diseases of domestic animals, fur-bearing animals and poultry. The duties of this position require a working knowledge of the basic principles, concepts and terminology of zoology.

Applicants must have successfully completed one of the following:

(i) A full 4-year course, in a college or university of recognized standing, leading to a bachelor's degree with a major in zoology including at least one course in parasitology; or,

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(ii) Courses in zoology and parasitology, in a college or university of recognized standing, consisting of lectures, recitations and laboratory work totaling at least 20 semester hours plus additional appropriate experience or education which when combined with the prescribed 20 semester hours will total 4 years of education and experience and give the applicant the substantial equivalent of a 4-year college course.

Applicants must show at least one course in parasitology or 6 months' technical experience working with animal parasites.

The following are types of experience which will be accepted in combination with education to complete the 4-year requirement:

Subprofessional or professional grade laboratory work which provided a means of obtaining a working knowledge of the theory and application of the scientific principles involved in operations of a zoological laboratory.

Research or technical experience in parasitology or closely related fields.

(b) Restriction of certification for highly technical positions. For positions involving highly technical research, design or development, or. similar functions, certification may be restricted to eligibles who show the successful completion of a full college course in the appropriate option.

(c) Duties. The options selected for the current Junior Professional Assistant examination are of highly specialized nature, having to do with original research, design or development or other functions of comparable scope or difficulty.

Appointees perform professional work in the appropriate specialized field or option in connection with (1) the study, collection, investigation, classification, analysis, preservation and interpretation of data, documents, exhibits or publications in one or more of the social or physical sciences, or (2) a wide variety of projects requiring the use or development of technical equipment, laboratory apparatus, chemical compounds and solutions, other scientific instruments, or research methods and devices.

(d) Knowledge and training requisite for performance of duties. The Junior Professional Assistant positions are at the entrance level to a career in the scientific and professional service. Ap

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pointees must have an understanding of the fundamental important basic principles, methods and skills required in the appropriate scientific or professional field, and they must be equipped with considerable specialized knowledge if they are to deal in an effective manner with the varied and diversified problems to be encountered. This may only be obtained through instruction and training where an adequate comprehensive and preferably an exceptional background and foundation in the appropriate scientific or professional field is furnished. A thorough knowledge of the literature of the scientific or professional field is essential together with the ability to understand and make use of that which has been written. Incumbents must, to a marked degree, be fitted to advance into more responsible, more technical and more exacting positions.

(e) Method of obtaining basic knowledge and training. The professional and scientific knowledge and training, of the level and extent required for the proper performance of these duties, can be obtained only by attending and completing major study in the appropriate option at a college or university of recognized standing, where a full staff of competent instructors and adequate library, laboratory and other research facilities are available and where suitable standards regarding completeness of program and attainment of proficiency may be enforced.

§ 24.37 Occupational Therapist, P-1 and above-(a) Educational requirement. "Applicants must show graduation from schools of occupational therapy approved by the American Medical Association.

(b) Duties. Occupational therapists work under medical supervision administering occupational therapy treatments to patients in Government hospitals involving programs in functional treatment for physical disabilities such as orthopedic conditions, fractures, lacerations, amputations, nerve injuries, plastic surgery and neuro-psychosis disabilities; keeping daily records of treatments, work and progress of each patient under treatment, planning and executing projects in trades, industries, agriculture, crafts, habit training, etc. In the higher grades, occupational therapists, in addition to administering occupational therapy, direct the work of occupational therapists of lower grades. The duties performed and the responsibilities assumed vary with and are proportionate to the grade of the position.

(c) Knowledge and training requisite for performance of duties. The field of occupational therapy has developed to such an

extent that the scope which it now encompasses is very dissimilar to that after World War I. Occupational Therapy has progressed to such an extent that detailed study is necessary to learn the application of arts and crafts and trades and industries in the treatment of injured and disabled patients. These occupations are utilized not to amuse the patients or to give recreation, but are to be used as a means of treatment. As directed by the Medical Officer, the occupational therapist instructs the patient in occupations in order to regain, for example, flexion of the fingers, or to loosen adhesions in a stiff joint such as the knee joint.

Occupational Therapists must learn anatomy, kinesiology, physiology, normal and abnormal psychology, and basic arts and crafts. They must be instructed how to apply the occupations in the treatment of patients. They must learn thoroughly what treatments may be given and how to give them; they must learn what they must not do. They must fully understand the indications and contra-indications for occupational therapy treatment to a particular patient. The Occupational Therapists must be trained to recognize symptoms of over-exercise or fatigue or certain functional difficulties which may be developed in a patient under treatment. This knowledge can only be obtained in properly equipped schools with capable instructors.

The teaching of arts and crafts and trades and industries under occupation therapy programs differs from the manner in which such things are taught to enable persons to learn a trade. The emphasis on the type of work done for this and the type of work assigned to a particular individual is different, that is, the objective is fundamentally therapy for the patient.

(d) Method of obtaining basic knowledge and training. The Administrator of Veterans Affairs, acting under authority vested in him by 59 Stat. 675; 38 U.S.C., Sup., 15-15n, has prescribed the educational requirements set forth in paragraphs (a)-(c) of this section for occupational therapists in the Veterans' Administration. The desirability of having uniform requirements for occupational therapist positions for all Government agencies plus the fact that the technical knowledge required for the performance of the duties listed in paragraphs (a)-(c) of this section can be obtained only by attending and completing a full course in an approved school of occupational therapy justify the prescribed educational requirements.

§ 24.38 Physical Therapist, P-1 and above(a) Educational requirement. Applicants must show graduation from schools of physical therapy approved by the American Medical Association, or, if graduation was prior to 1936, graduation from schools of physical therapy approved by the American Physical Therapy Association.

(b) Duties. Physical therapists administer under medical supervision physical ther