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24.-Tee Roman Traitor; a True Tale of the Republic. A Historical Romance. By HENRY WILLIAM HERBERT, author of " Marmaduke Wyvil," "Cromwell," "The Brothers." New York: William Taylor & Co.

This is the first attempt of the author, as we are informed, in classical fiction, and he has chosen the conspiracy of Catiline as a theme particularly adapted for the purpose, and as being, moreover, an actual event of vast importance, in many respects unparalleled. Mr. Herbert, it would seem, to the history of the strange events related in this tale, has scrupulously adhered; and the dates, facts, and character of the individuals introduced, we are assured, will not be found in any material respect erro

neous or untrue.

25.-The Complete Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell; with a Memoir of his Life, and an Essay on his genius and writings. Illustrated with fine steel engravings. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

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It would be a work of supererogation on our part, to speak of the poems or power of Campbell. There are few but what admire his subdued enthusiasm; and it has been, we believe very truly said of him, that he is par excellence the poet of the fair There are, perhaps, no works more relished by cultivated females. But our chief object is to notice the present edition, which appears in uniform style with the publisher's standard poets, some ten or dozen volumes of which have already appeared. In some respects it is handsomer-the type is larger, and the illustrations, many of them, better.

26-Sailors' Life and Sailors' Yarns. By Captain RINGBOLT. New York: Charles S. Frances.

A portion of the contents of this volume was originally published in the Boston Journal; written, as the author says, for his own amusement in leisure hours at sea. The "Yarns," as they are termed, we have the assurance, are founded upon fact; and some are strictly true, with the exception of the names of persons. These sketches of a sailor's life, and narratives of incidents at sea, are written in an agreeable vein; and the sentiments which many of them contain cannot fail to commend themselves to sailors, and to those interested in the sailor's welfare. We commend it to all who go down to the sea in ships, or do business upon the great deep," either in the capacity of seamen or passengers, as alike interesting and instructive.

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27.-Flowers for Children. By L. MARIA CHILD, author of “Mother's Book," "New York Letters," etc. III. For children of eleven and twelve years of age. New York: C. S. Francis & Co.

This little volume, one of an admirable series, consists of tales, poems, and sketches adapted to the tastes of children; written in that pure and loving spirit so characteristic of everything from the author's pen-all in her happiest and best vein. To those who know the author, the announcement is enough; and to those who do not, we can only heartily commend whatever she writes-sure that we run no risk in doing so. 28.-Greenwood Illustrated, in a series of Picturesque and Monumental Views, in highly finished line engravings, from drawings taken on the spot. By JAMES SMILLIE. The descriptive notices by N. CLEVELAND. Part III. New York: R. Martin.

We spoke in terms of high commendation of the two previous parts. The present is equal in all respects. It contains a correct map of Greenwood, surrounded by four beautiful views of Lorn Girt Hill, Ocean Hill, the Monument to Wm. A. Lawrence, Arbor Water, and the Receiving Tomb. There are, besides, a view of the Tour Fern Hill, and another of Ocean Hill.

29.-Julia Ormond; or, the New Settlement. By the authoress of "The Two Schools." New York: Edward Dunigan.

This tasty volume forms the seventh of “Dunigan's Home Library,” a series of tales of a social, moral, and religious tendency, designed chiefly for Catholic families. The beautiful style in which they are published, as well as their literary merit, will render them attractive to many who do not belong to the church

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ART.

CONTENTS OF NO. III., VOL. XVI.

ARTICLES.

PAGE

I. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NAVIGATION AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, No. V. New series. By Gen. H. A. S. DEARBORN, of Massachusetts, author of "A Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, and the Trade and Maritime Geography of Turkey and Egypt," etc........... 227

...........

II. THE COAL MINES AND COAL TRADE OF BELGIUM.-HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL, AND COMMERCIAL. By RICHARD COWING TAYLOR, Esq., Fellow of the Geological Society of London; Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c., of Pennsylvania...

III. LEGISLATIVE POLICY OF MAINE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE SUBJECT OF
CORPORATIONS. By Hon F. O. J. SMITH, of Maine........
IV. EFFECTS OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS ON COMMERCIAL CITIES, WITH
REFERENCE TO THE PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL RAILROAD. By JOHN A.
WRIGHT, Esq., Merchant, of Pennsylvania..............

V. THE SEA RESOURCES OF THE COAST: AND THE WHALE AND SHORE FISH-
ERIES OF NEW LONDON, By C. F. DANIELS, Esq. of Connecticut..........

VI. THE UNION OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS...

235

256

263

........

273 278

VII. LAW Of debtor AND CREDITOR IN LOUISIANA: LAW ON THE SUBJECT
OF RESPITE. By WHEELOCK S. UPTON, Esq., of the New Orleans (La.) Bar......... 281

MERCANTILE LAW CASES.

Decisions in Ohio Courts.-Letter of Credit.............................

Bills of Exchange.-Common Carriers........

Commercial Court, Memphis, Tenn.-Commercial Guarantees..

Freight.-Delivery of Merchandise....

COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE AND REVIEW,

...

285

285

286

286

EMBRACING A FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ILLUSTRATED WITH TABLES, ETC., AS FOLLOWS:

Features of Commercial Affairs since our last number-Influence of Railroad Speculations in England-Consumption of Food-Bank of England-Bank of France-Condition of Ireland-Food imported into England for last three years-Exports of British Manufactures for last three years-State of Cotton Trade of Great Britain for five years-British exports of Calicoes, Prints, and Yarn, for five years-The Cotton Crop-Bullion in the Bank of England-Commercial Prosperity of the United States-Influence of the War on Financial Affairs-Affairs of the United States Treasury-Loans— Import of Specie-Popularity of the Warehousing System of the United States-Forms adopted— Letter to the Editor on the Cost of Raising Wheat in the United States, with remarks on the same, and tabular statements......................... 237-296

.........

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MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES.

Mercantile Library Association of Montreal.-Law of Respite in Louisiana..

Mercantile Library Association of New York....

Custom-house and Exchange at Valparaiso..
Mercantile Character of Washington...

Public Lotteries of Lima, Peru......

The Praying Parsee Merchant.-Novel Commercial Speculation.........................................................

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Merchants at Valparaiso.-Commercial Prospects of Singapore.-Consumption of Tea in the World... 302 JOURNAL OF BANKING, CURRENCY AND FINANCE.

Belgian System of Weights, Measures, and Currency..

Condition of the Chartered and Free Banks of New York, November, 1845 and 1846..

Condition of the Incorporated Banks of New York, 1846...

Condition of the Free Banks of New York, 1846...

Condition and Progress of the Debt of the State of New York, from 1837 to 1846..

Debt and Finances of the State of Maryland, December 1, 1846.....

Condition of the Banks of Massachusetts, in 1846........

Condition of the Savings Banks of Massachusetts in 1846........

303

304

305

305

305

306

307

308

308

309

310 310

310

The Mint at Lima, in Peru.-United States Treasury Circular.....

Origin of the Dollar Mark.-Revenue of England under each Reign, from 1060 to 1826.
Coinage of the United States Branch Mint at New Orleans, in 1845 and 1846..
Treasury Notes converted into United States Stock.........

Finances and Debt of Louisiana.-Cleveland's Exchange Tables.....

COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS.

The British Corn Laws relating to the Importation of Corn.-Duties under the Corn Importation Act. 311 British Customs Duties on Timber, etc.........

Articles admitted Free of Duty into Great Britain...................

East Indies-Free Ports.-New Regulations of the French West India Islands..
New Commercial Regulations of Cuba...

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

Light-Tower at Brusterort.-Halifax-Light-House on Beaver Island..........
Lantern on the Light-Tower of Thunoe..

Anton Lizardo, Sacrificios, and Green Island..........

Floating Lights on the Coast of Ireland.-Shipping of Five American States.......

COMMERCIAL STATISTICS.

Ad Valorem and Specific Duties, from 1844 to 1846..........
Value of Foreign and Constwise Exports of New Orleans, in 1845 and 1846......
Imports of Sperm and Whale Oil and Whalebone into the United States, in 1846..
Average Voyages made by Sperm or Right Whalers, from 1842 to 1846.....................
Average Time Absent of Whalers and Quantities of Oil brought home............
Imports of Sperm and Whale Oil and Bone into United States, from 1844 to 1847.......
Sperm and Whale Oil and Whalebone on hand, January 1, 1847.........
The American Whale Fishery, by Henry P. Haveus, Esq., of Connecticut....
Comparative View of the Export Trade of the Northern and Southern States, in 1845 and 1846.
Comparative Weight of Bales of Cotton at New Orleans, Mobile, Charleston, and Savannah...
Prices of Whent, Flour, Hemp, and Lead, at St. Louis, from 1844 to 1846.
Commerce of Detroit, Michigan, from 1842 to 1846.....

Prices of Wheat in European Markets, in 1846.........................

RAILROAD AND CANAL STATISTICS.

Canal Commerce of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1843 to 1846.-The Western (Mass.) Railroad......
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad.....

312

313

314

314

315

..... 315

..... 316

316

317

317

...... 318

318

.... 318

..... 319

319

319

320

321

322

322

323

324

.... 326 Merchandise over the Columbia Railroad, from 1844 to 1846.-Success of the English Railroad System, 326

JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES.

Taylor's Work on the Coal Mines and Coal Trade of Belgium.-Coal Mines and Trade of Penn'a.... 327 French Iron and Coal Mines........

Hall's Hydrostatic Ink Fountain.-Extent of the Cotton Manufactures of England.....

THE BOOK TRADE.

Notices of 29 New Works or New Editions, published since our last,..................

329

330

331-336

HUNT'S

MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE.

MARCH, 1847.

Art. I.-HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NAVIGATION AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.

NUMBER V.-NEW SERIES.

A military marine is the only arm by which the power of this confederacy can be estimated, or felt, by foreign nations, and the only standing military force which can never be dangerous to our liberties at home.-JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.

COLONEL BEAUFOY made frequent representations, to those in authority, of the importance of following up the investigation of "the resistance which water opposed to solids, in passing through it," by further experiments, at the expense of the government; but his suggestions were unheeded, and no attention was paid to the subject, after his decease, until researches were commenced, in 1841, by J. Scott Russell, under the direction of the "British Association for the Promotion of Science and the Arts." He has made two reports to the Association, the first in 1842, and the second at the meeting held at Cork, in 1843; but, thus far, he seems to have confined his operations to ascertain the effect of the surface of solids in diminishing the resistance, in passing through water, without regard to dimensions, or any other element; and, to prove its influence, four boats were made, all having the same length, breadth, and depththe same area of form of midship section, and all loaded to the same weight, displacement, and draft of water; the only difference being in the character of the "water lines," as he rather indefinitely terms them-that is, the mere contour. The result was favorable to what he calls the "wave line," which had been hypothetically assumed, as the most appropriate.

This synthetic mode of proceeding, in researches for truth, is not to be depended upon in such physical inquiries; for it is beginning at the wrong end in the establishment of principles, and has long been repudiated by the schools of philosophy, as not merely fallacious, but so utterly inef fectual, as not to be tolerated in any of the scientific societies and acade

mies of the present age. It was the great resource of metaphysical and scholastic controversialists in olden time, and still is, where bewilderment and deception are the objects desired, rather than elucidation; but those who enter the career of intelligence, in search of the unknown, with such a guide, will never find it for their direction is inverted. They have taken the back track, and are rushing from the goal towards the starting point, instead of proceeding from effects to causes, and evolving therefrom principles.

Still, Mr. Russell may be prosecuting other experiments analytically, and it is to be hoped such is the case; for the object to be attained is most worthy the attention of the scientific association, which has so liberally furnished the means for its accomplishment. It is but just to infer that what has been published does not include all that has been done in the progress of investigation, or that facts, causes and principles will not be ultimately ascertained, in sufficient numbers, to establish a more perfect system of naval architecture.

The system at present used by the Swedish naval engineers, in the construction of ships of war, was the result of the laborious researches of Chapman. It is called the parabolic method, and is explained in a work entitled, "Forsak till en Theoretisk Afhoudling att gifnaat Dinie Shepderas ratta Storlek och Form Likaledes for Fregetten och windere Bevavade Fartyg of F. H. of Chapman.'

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Having attempted to give a brief account of the past and present condition of naval architecture, and the various modes in which efforts have been made to increase and combine the velocity of ships with capacity, stability, strength and safety in their construction, I shall now present the results which have been obtained, by the investigations that have been instituted, in relation to the movement of solids through fluids, and such of the facts and principles which have been established in hydraulics and mechanical science as are applicable to ship-building, with suggestions of the expediency of their being made the basis of experiments, which, it is confidently believed, can then be conducted in a manner so much more simple, direct, and expeditious, than any which have hitherto been undertaken, as to render more certain the solution of the problem which has so long claimed attention, and is so important for facilitating the intercommunication between all nations, and the various portions of each, by improvements in vessels of every denomination, which are either employed in navigating the ocean and our extensive bays, sounds, rivers, and lakes, for the transportation of merchandise and passengers, or are destined for the fleets of war.

Colonel Barclay ascertained the following facts :

1. A cone will move through the water with less resistance having its apex foremost.

2. The bottom of a floating solid should be triangular, it being the form that is least resisted when moving in the direction of its longest axis. 3. The greatest breadth should be at the distance of two-fifths of the length from the forward end.

ESTABLISHED PRINCIPLES IN HYDRAULICS.

1. The chief resistance to be overcome in moving a solid through a liquid, is that of the prism of water, the area of whose cross-section is equal to that of the body moved.

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