the bay. The bay is at the mouth of the valley of the same name. Okohola Hill, 844 feet (257 m) high, is 1/2 mile west of the bay. Keanae Point, 134 miles southeast of Keopuka Rock, is low and juts out 1/4 mile from the bluff line. There are clusters of trees, and a yellowish church with a steeple on the point. One lone coconut tree, well out on the point, is conspicuous from a short distance offshore. On the 100-foot (30 m) bluff on the southwest side of the point are several small red-roofed dwellings and a large red-roofed warehouse which show up well from offshore. There is an old landing, with a derrick on it, near the foot of the bluffs on the northwest side of the point. The landing is no longer used. A black rock, about 15 feet (4.6 m) high, lies nearly 1 mile offshore and westward of the landing. Small vessels can anchor in 8 fathoms (14.6 m) immediately westward of the point. This anchorage should not be attempted without local knowledge. Keanae Valley, just eastward of Keanae Point, is the largest and most prominent valley on this part of the island. It leads inland 7 miles to Koolau Gap, the large opening in the northern rim of Haleakala Crater. Three high rocks close inshore form the most prominent landmark in this vicinity. Pauwalu Point lies 1 mile east of Keanae. Mokumana Rock lies just off the point. It appears almost as a continuation of the point, with an opening 30 yards wide separating the two. A green schoolhouse with a red roof may be seen inland from the point. Waiokilo Anchorage is in 9 fathoms (16.5 m), sandy bottom, about midway between Pauwalu Point and the bight at Wailua; about 4 mile northward of Aluea Rock and 400 yards offshore. It is entirely exposed to the trade winds, but is a fair anchorage in southwesterly weather. Aluea Rock lies about 1/4 mile offshore and 8 mile southeastward of Pauwalu Point It is only a few feet high and the sea breaks over it continuously. Sunken rocks extend about 300 yards farther offshore from Aluea Rock. Wailua consists of a few houses along the shore of the small bight immediately southward of Aluea Rock. The east point of the bight is a high wooded bluff, while the west side is low and grass-covered. Taro is raised in the flat in back of the trees along the shore of the bight. The Hana road leaves the shore about 1/2 mile west of here, and may be seen from seaward as it winds its way southward, high up on the ridges. Nahiku Anchorage, 21⁄2 miles southeastward of Pauwalu Point, is in the open bight off Nahiku, in 7 fathoms (12.8 m), close inshore. Strangers should not attempt this anchorage, as there are two sunken rocks near shore. There is a small settlement southeastward of the anchorage. Kuhiwa Gulch may be seen 3 miles inland (south by westward) of Nahiku. Opikoula Point, at the easterly side of Nahiku anchorage, is a low rocky bluff. The coast from here to Pukaulua Point, a distance of 5 miles, consists of low rocky bluffs, with no easily recognized landmarks. Pukaulua Point, 21⁄2 miles northwestward of Kauiki Head, forms the northern side of a small bight which is open to the eastward. The point is low and covered with uncultivated vegetation. 166211°-33- -4 Kaeleku, about 1 mile inland from Pukaulua Point, is a plantation settlement with a large number of evenly spaced laborers' cottages. Eastward of the cottages is a conspicuous red church with steeple. Alalakeiki Channel, between Maui and Kahoolawe, is about 6 miles wide and clear of dangers, with the exception of Molokini, which is marked by a light. The trade winds draw through the channel, hauling around the north end of Kahoolawe. The trades blow with much force at the easterly entrance to the channel, but in the vicinity of Molokini it is generally calm. The currents are variable. Auau Channel lies between Maui and Lanai and is about 8 miles wide. With the exception of a reef about 3 miles long, which extends not more than 13 mile offshore northward of Wahapuu Point, Lanai, the channel is free from obstructions. During trade winds it is often calm in the channel. In the middle of Auau Channel the current sets northerly, but in the vicinity of Lahaina it flows north on the ebb and south on the flood. Pailolo Channel, between Maui and Molokai, is about 71⁄2 miles wide and is clear of obstructions with the exception of Mokuhooniki and Kanaha Rock, near the easterly end of Molokai, and a reef about 3/4 mile wide which fringes the shore of Molokai. Kamalo Point Reef lighted buoy marks the edge of the reef off the southeasterly point of Molokai. KAHOOLAWE (CHART 4130) with an area of 69 square miles, is eighth in size of the islands, and lies 6 miles southwestward of the southwesterly end of Maui. It is about 10 miles long and 6 miles wide, and from a distance has an even, unbroken appearance. The high cliffs on the eastern and southern sides are almost black, while the soil of the mountain tops and the gentle slopes of the northern and western sides are reddish in color. There is scarcely any rainfall, and the huge clouds of red dust which trail to leeward during strong winds can be seen for many miles. There are no permanent inhabitants, although cattlemen and fishermen camp on the island at times. The island supports a few cattle and sheep, but there is no cultivation. Mount Moaula, a brown dome 1,429 feet (436 m) high, near the easterly end of the island, is the most prominent landmark. From Cape Kuikui, the most northerly point of the island, to Kanapou Bay the coast is rocky and the bluffs gradually increase to cliffs several hundred feet high at the bay. Kanapou Bay, 2 miles wide between Ule Point and Halona Point, offers protection in kona weather, and an anchorage can be had (except for large vessels) in Beck Cove in the southwest side of the bay. Enter on a southwesterly course, heading for the center of the cove, and anchor in from 15 to 20 fathoms (27 to 37 m) off the mouth of the cove and midway between the sides. The bottom shoals rapidly from 12 to 3 fathoms (21.9 to 5.5 m), about 1/4 mile from the sand beach at the head of the cove. The wind draws down the canyon at the head of the cove with considerable force during westerly winds. From Kaka Point, the southeastern point of the island, to within a mile of Smuggler Cove on the southwest side, the coast consists of sheer cliffs which reach a maximum height of 800 feet (244 m) at Kamohio Bay. There are no off-lying dangers. Kamohio Bay and Waikahalulu Bay, 3 and 6 miles west of Kaka Point, each indent the coast about 5% mile; they cannot be recommended as anchorages on account of the deep water close to the shores. They are subject to strong gusts which sweep down over the high cliffs when the trades are blowing. Kamohio Bay is marked on its westerly side by Puukoae Island, a black mass of rock 378 feet (115 m) high about 100 yards offshore. Kahoolawe Southwest Point Light marks the westerly side of Waikahalulu Bay. The prevailing current is westerly along the south coast of Kahoolawe. Smuggler Cove, 1 mile southwestward of Kealaikahiki Point, the westernmost point of the island, is the best anchorage except during westerly or southerly weather. Anchor in 10 to 12 fathoms (18.3 to 21.9 m) 1⁄2 mile off the sand beach. The best landing for boats is on the sand beach close to the conspicuous black rock at the head of the cove. There is a stream here (which is usually dry) and a clump of algaroba trees. The shore is low, with alternate stretches of sand and rocks. The prevailing current at the anchorage is northwesterly. Kuia Shoal, with a least depth of 1 fathom (1.8 m), extends 1 mile westward from Kealaikahiki Point, and vessels should give the point a berth of at least 112 miles in rounding. The country slopes up evenly and gradually from Kealaikahiki Point to the eastward. The northwest coast is generally rocky, with a line of low bluffs from which the country slopes gently up to the reddish hills in the center of the island. There are scarcely any distinguishing marks, and no off-lying dangers. Kuheia Bay, 2 miles southwestward of Cape Kuikui, is a very small bight where boats can land at times. There are two or three buildings, one of which has a galvanized iron roof which shows up well when the sun is right. Kealaikahiki (the way to Tahiti) Channel lies between Kahoolawe and Lanai and is about 15 miles wide. It is free from obstructions. Sailing vessels should avoid this channel during trade . winds, as long periods of calms sometimes occur southward and westward of Kahoolawe and Lanai. LANAI (CHARTS 4130, 4116) the sixth in size of the islands, lies about 8 miles westward of west Maui and the same distance southward of the easterly end of Molokai. It is about 15 miles long in a northwesterly direction and about 10 miles wide near its southeasterly end, gradually narrowing toward its northwesterly end. The highest point is Mount Lanaihale, 3,370 feet (1,027 m) high, located 31⁄2 miles inland from the southeastern side of the island. The slopes on the easterly side of the mountain are steep and cut up by gulches, while those on the westerly side are more gradual, terminating in a rolling plain between the 1,000and 2,000-foot (305 and 610 m) levels. There is but little rainfall, and, in general, the island presents a barren appearance. The central portion of the island is covered with extensive pineapple fields which, being on a high plain, are not easily seen from the sea. The census of 1930 gave Lanai a population of 2,356 inhabitants. Pineapple cultivation is the principal occupation, although some livestock is raised. Lanai City, built in the center of the island by the pineapple company, is the only large village. From Kikoa Point (also known as Wahapuu Point), the easternmost point of Lanai, to Kamaike Point, about 311⁄2 miles southwestward, the coast is low, sandy, and brush-covered. A coral reef fringes the shore from 100 to 200 yards off the beach. At Kamaiki Point low bluffs appear, gradually increasing in height until close to Manele Bay, where they reach a maximum of about 400 feet (122 m). Manele Bay, on the south side of the island, is about 1/4 mile wide and indents the coast about 1/4 mile. The shores are rocky except for the sand beach at the head of the bay. The bay is 1/2 mile northeastward of Puupehe Rock. There is an old cattle chute on the west side of the bay, and a boat landing at the westerly side of the sand beach, where small boats can land in most any weather. A detached low rock, over which the sea usually breaks, lies about 300 yards off the easterly entrance point. Small local steamers occasionally anchor in 14 fathoms (25.6 m) about 350 yards southwestward of this rock. There are no houses in the vicinity of Manele Bay. Under certain conditions when the trade winds are blowing, squalls will alternate from the head of the bay and from the northeast. This causes an anchored vessel to swing considerably, and it usually will be found advantageous to shift anchorage to the bay west of Puupehe Rock, where the squalls will not be so pronounced. Puupehe Rock is 110 feet (34 m) high, brown colored on its steep sides, and has a flat, grass-covered top. It is the most prominent landmark along this section of the coast. Rocks over which the sea usually breaks, extend for 300 yards eastward and southward from Puupehe Rock, which is separated from the shore by a short, low sand spit. The bay just to the west of Puupehe Rock has a sandy beach at its head. Anchorage may be found about 400 yards from the head of the bay in 8 fathoms (14.6 m), sandy bottom. From Manele Bay to Cape Kaea, the southwesterly point of the island, the coast consists of low bluffs, behind which the land rises in steep slopes to the table-land above. There is a high, detached,. grass-covered rock close to the shore 134 miles west of Puupehe Rock. There are many small rocks close to the shore; one, awash at times, 400 yards offshore and about 2 miles east of Cape Kaea. No houses or other buildings can be seen along this coast. Cape Kaea (Palaoa Point), is a rocky, double point with a small bight between. Small boats can usually make a landing on the rocky shore of the bight during trade winds. A small, black rock about 5 feet (1.5 m) high is situated about 200 yards off the northerly side of the point. Another rock, about the same distance offshore but 1/4 mile northward, is 28 feet (8.5 m) high. From Cape Kaea the coast has a north-northwesterly trend, and between the cape and Kaumalapau Harbor, it consists of sheer bluffs (Pali Kaholo) over 1,000 feet (305 m) high in places. The bluffs are marked by two landsides-one, very large and conspicuous, is 11⁄2 miles northward of Cape Kaea; the other is not so large and is 212 miles northward of the cape. KAUMALAPAU HARBOR 49 Kaumalapau Harbor (chart 4122), 31⁄2 miles northward of Cape Kaea, is a small bight at the mouth of the most prominent gulch in the vicinity. It is the best harbor on the island in all but westerly weather. There is a short breakwater and sea wall on the northerly side, back of which is a substantial wharf with 28 feet (8.5 m) of water alongside. The bight has been dredged so that towboats can place large pineapple barges at the wharf for loading. There is not room for large vessels within the breakwater, and local steamers anchor off the harbor; pulling boats are used to land passengers and freight. Kaumalapau Light marks the south entrance point of the harbor. A flashing red light on the outer end of the breakwater marks the northern side of the entrance. A reef, projecting out 100 yards from the eastern shore of the harbor, is marked by a red nun buoy. Another red nun buoy marks the edge of deep water on the northern side of the south entrance point. There are three mooring buoys, one near the center of the bight and two off the eastern end of the wharf. Shoal water extends 150 yards northwestward from the breakwater. A good road leads eastward, on a steep grade, to Lanai City, 5 miles inland. A group of silver-colored oil tanks, 100 yards in from the wharf and on high ground, is a good offshore mark. There are a few houses among clumps of trees on the bluff above the harbor. There is radiotelephone communication with Honolulu. An indifferent anchorage can be had in about 22 fathoms (40 m), sand and coral bottom, with the breakwater light bearing 64° true (NE. 34 E. mag.) and 300 yards distant. Between Kaumalapau and Kaena Point the coast is a series of bluffs, in some places precipitous and 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m) high. The shore is rocky, with a few short stretches of sand. In general the bottom is fairly steep-to, although small steamers can find anchorages with sufficient swinging room in some places. At times when the trades are blowing, the wind sweeps down the gulches in heavy gusts which are felt for a mile or more offshore. There are no houses or trees of any size along this coast and it presents a barren appearance. Five Needles are about 21/4 miles northward of Kaumalapau and about the middle of the westerly side of the island. They are a group of detached pinnacle rocks, the outermost being about 300 yards offshore and 32 feet (9.8 m) high; the inner pinnacle is 110 feet (34 m) high. They are of the same material as the higher cliffs of the shore and are therefore not easily recognized from offshore. Keanapapa Point, 72 miles northwestward of Kaumalapau, is the westernmost point of Lanai. It is low and rocky and is marked by a small knoll 150 yards in from the shore. A small detached rock 8 feet (2.4 m) high and 150 yards offshore lies 17% miles southeastward of Keanapapa Point. The cliffs, which are 200 feet (61 m) high in the vicinity of this rock, gradually diminish in height until they are only 20 or 30 feet (6.1 or 9.1 m) high about 11⁄2 mile southward of Keannapapa Point. Kaena Point, 1 mile north of Keanapapa Point, is low and rocky and hard to distinguish from the other points in the vicinity. The low, rounding, unlighted northwest coast of Lanai is not easily seen at |