Mailiilii Hill, about 2 miles northward of Puuhulu Hill, is a narrow, rocky ridge 729 feet (222 m) high, standing near the shore and approximately at right angles with it.

Kaneilio Point is a small, low point on the southerly side of Pokai Bay. Between Mailiilii Hill and Kaneilio Point and 1/4 mile inland, the light-colored buildngs of a lime kiln show up conspicuously against the dark background. The lime kiln is an excellent landmark from the westward and northwestward. Between Puuhulu Ridge and Kaneilio Point shoals extend about 2 mile offshore in places.

Pokai Bay, about 1 mile northwestward of Mailiilii Hill, is a small indentation in the coast, on the shore of which the town of Waianae is located. Most of the town is hidden by the trees, but the red-brick stack of the sugar mill is prominent. Waianae is on the railroad and highway, and there is no traffic by water. Landing can generally be made on the short stretches of sand beach except during southerly winds. Approaching the bay, vessels should head for the mill stack at Waianae on an 80° true (ENE. % E. mag.) course, and anchor about 1/2 mile offshore in 8 to 10 fathoms (14.6 to 18.3 m). Shoal water extends about 1/4 mile off the shores of the bay. The red tank at the railroad station is located close to shore on the southeast side of the bay.

Waianae plantation occupies the deep valley which lies between Puuhulu Hill and Lahilahi Point. This valley extends back into the island about 4 miles and is the largest one on this side of the Waianae Mountains. The broken ridge which makes down to Paheehee Hill divides the valley in two. Paheehee Hill is 652 feet (199 m) high and is situated 3/4 mile east of the mill stack at Waianae.

Lahilahi Point, 11⁄2 miles northwestward of Waianae, is a detached, steep ridge of dark rock 234 feet (71 m) high, which forms a narrow point projecting seaward about 1/4 mile. It is conspicuous and appears as an islet from a distance.

Kepuhi Point, about 1 miles northwestward of Lahilahi Point, marks the seaward end of a bold, rocky mountain spur, which comes to within a few hundred yards of shore. At the base of the bluff there is a low, narrow strip of thickly wooded land. From Kepuhi Point to Makua village the coast trends north.

Makua village, 3 miles northward of Kepuhi Point, marks the northerly end of the coast highway. A few houses can be seen among the trees near the shore. There is a sand beach here where boats can land when the sea is smooth. Vessels can anchor about 1/4 mile offshore in 4 to 6 fathoms (7.3 to 11 m). Back of the village is a small, crater-shaped valley. Between Makua village and Kaena Point the coast trends northwesterly and is rocky, except for one short sand beach. The mountains rise steeply from the beach. Kaena Point, the westernmost point of Oahu, is a low, rocky point extending out a few hundred yards from the foot of Kuaokala Ridge. It is marked by Kaena Point Light (flashing white) on a white skeleton tower. A small, boxlike building on the point is often seen before the light structure is picked up. There are two or three noticeable sand dunes on the point. Just off the end of the point are several low, jagged rocks, over which the sea washes, and the sea breaks offshore to a distance of about 3% mile. West of the point the 10-fathom (18.3 m) curve lies 3/4 mile offshore.

NORTHWEST COAST OF OAHU (CHART 4110)

Kuaokala Ridge is high and its seaward end breaks off rather abruptly. From Kaena Point to Kahuku Point, a distance of about 182 miles, the northwest coast of Oahu has a general easterly trend as far as Kaiaka Bay, and thence northeasterly to Kahuku Point. It is fringed with a reef for its entire distance, but all dangers will be avoided by giving the coast a berth of at least 1 mile. The coast consists of alternating ledges of rock and stretches of white sand beaches. There are no harbors or anchorages affording shelter in all winds. About 6 miles eastward of Kaena Point and 1/2 mile offshore there is a rock awash. The breaker or the rock itself is always visible. Mokuleia village is 61⁄2 miles eastward of Kaena Point.

Kaiaka Bay, 9 miles eastward of Kaena Point, is a small indentation in the coast just southwestward of a small point of the same name. Kaukonahua River enters this bay. Coral reefs extend 5% mile off the shores of the bay. About 3/4 mile west of the river mouth, a narrow, deep channel extends through the coral to the beach.

Waialua Bay, 10 miles eastward of Kaena Point, is a small indentation at the bend near the middle of the northwest coast of Oahu. The bay is of no commercial importance, although it is a popular bathing beach. Its shores consist of low, black rock, with sand patches in the bights, and a fringe of large algaroba trees. The back country is low, and slopes gently to a tableland with mountain ranges on either side. A small boat channel leads through the coral reefs to a landing on the south shore of the bay. A glassbottom excursion boat makes regular trips around the coral beds.

Prominent objects in the vicinity of Waialua are the yellow church spire and tall white stack with a mill beside it, in the village of Haleiwa, 1/4 mile inland from the head of the bay. Two silvercolored gasoline tanks may be seen among the trees on the east side of the bay. One mile northeastward of Waialua Bay and 3⁄4% mile inland is a pumping station with a large light-colored stack. Back of the pumping station, on the brow of the hill, is a group of cottages and a red-roofed church with spire.

Between Wailua and Kahuku Point there is a narrow strip of lowland along the coast, back of which is a tableland covered with vegetation, with steep grassy slopes facing the sea. These slopes are cut up in places by deep gorges. The highway and railroad lie close together along this section of the coast, and are near the shore.

Waimea Bay, 31⁄2 miles northeastward of Waialua Bay, is a small indentation in the coast at the mouth of a deep gorge which divides into two branches some distance up. The bay affords little shelter, and a landing can be made only in very smooth weather. It is of no commercial importance. When close in, a highway bridge can be seen across the stream that flows down the gorge. There are several scattered buildings on the northerly side of the bay. There are two large rock crushers on the northeastern point of the bay; the southerly one, a tall, square cement tower with a red-tile roof, is the most conspicuous object along this coast. There is a wide sand beach at the head of the bay, but on both sides of the entrance the shore consists of low, rocky ledges. Off the southerly entrance point are two

ragged masses of black rock, with deep water close-to on the offshore side. The outer rock is called Wananapaoa Islet. Near the northerly entrance point are some submerged rocks, which are generally marked by breakers.

Vessels can stand in for the middle of Waimea Bay and anchor about 4 mile offshore in 9 or 10 fathoms (16.5 or 18.3 m), sandy bottom, with the mouth of the river bearing 101° true (E. mag.). Waialee Industrial School is a group of large, conspicuous, tancolored buildings about 4 miles northeastward of Waimea Bay. The buildings are situated at the foot of a bluff, and a few hundred yards in from the shore. On the western side of the group is a short chimney.

Kahuku Point, the northernmost point of Oahu, is low, covered with sand dunes partly covered with vegetation, and has a few scattered trees. It is marked by a prominent, tall, yellow stack, 12 mile in from the end of the point. A series of tall, black, radio masts are grouped around the stack. The coast rounds gradually at this point, and there are a number of small black rocks close inshore. The land rises gently from the low bluffs at the point to the mountains. Off this point the 10-fathom (18.3 m) curve draws in to about 3% mile from shore, and in the daytime the breakers afford sufficient warning to guide clear of all dangers. At night, however, great care must be used, as it is difficult to locate the point on account of the low land and the absence of any aids to navigation.

NORTHEAST COAST OF OAHU (CHART 4110)

From Kahuku Point to Makapuu Head, a distance of about 31 miles, the northeast coast of Oahu has a general southeasterly trend It is fringed with coral reefs for nearly its entire distance. Between Kahuku Point and Kaneohe Bay the beach is for the most part low and sandy, with black rocks showing in places. There is a narrow strip of low, cultivated land between the beach and the foot of the mountains, which narrows as Kaneohe Bay is approached. The highway parallels the coast as far as Kaneohe Bay and the railroad as far as Kahana Bay, and numerous villages can be seen from offshore.

Kahuku mill stack, 211⁄2 miles southeastward of Kahuku Point and about 2 mile inland, is prominent. A large grove of ironwood trees extends 3/4 mile southeastward from the mill.

Laie Bay, 5 miles southeastward of Kahuku Point and 1 mile northwestward of Laie Point, is a narrow opening in the reef, with depths of 3 to 7 fathoms (5.5 to 12.8 m), where small craft with local knowledge can find shelter and make a landing. There are three small, low islets in this vicinity, the middle one, Mokuauia Island, lies about 1/4 mile offshore and is the largest. The entrance of the bay is near the south side of Mokuauia Island on a 214° true (SSW. mag) course for the Mormon Church (large and prominent, with cupola). Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot. Kihewa Islet lies 12 miles northward of Laie Point and 3/4 mile offshore. Polemoku Rock lies 5% mile north of Laie Point and 3/4 mile offshore.

Laie Point, 512 miles southeastward of Kahuku Point, is narrow, low, bare, and has a rocky beach. Just off its end are two small,

flat, rocky islets (Kukuihoolua Islet and Mokualai Islet). Vessels should pass at least 1/2 mile off these islets.

Kaipapau Hill, 2 miles southward of Laie Point and 5% mile inland is 632 feet (193 m) high, and has a pyramid-shaped, grasscovered top.

Hauula Park, 21⁄2 miles southward of Laie Point, is marked by a flagpole and a public bathhouse.

Punaluu village, 4 miles southward of Laie Point, is marked by two small churches near the beach and 1⁄4 mile apart. The churches are among trees and are not readily seen from seaward. There are several large beach homes among the trees in this vicinity.

Kahana Bay, 61⁄2 miles southeastward of Laie Bay, is a long, narrow opening in the reef lying at the mouth of a valley, where small craft with local knowledge can find shelter. Kahana village, partly hidden by the trees, is at the head of the bay. The breakers on both sides of the bay are the only guide for entering. Punaluu Point marks the northern side of the bay, and Mahie Point the southern side. The 10-fathom (18.3 m) curve lies 1% miles off these points. Kahana Bay marks the southern end of the railroad along this coast. About 3 miles southeastward of Kahana Bay and along the highway is the gray, square, chimney of a former sugar mill. About 3 mile northward of this chimney is a small, privately owned boat landing.

Mokolii Island, 3⁄4 mile off Kualoa Point and 4 miles southeastward of Kahana Bay, is a conspicuous, conical islet with two coconut trees on its inshore side.

Kaneohe Bay, 4 miles southeastward of Kahana Bay and just northwestward of Mokapu Peninsula, is about 5 miles wide between Kualoa Point and Pyramid Rock and indents the coast about 2 miles. It is full of reefs and shoals with depths of 7 to 8 fathoms (12.8 to 14.6 m) between. There is an entrance near the northwesterly end of the bay and one near the southeasterly end, and with local knowledge it is possible to take 10 feet (3 m) through the former and 8 feet (2.4 m) through the latter. In heavy trades the sea breaks across both entrances. Strangers should not attempt to enter without a pilot. There are several small, low islets in the bay; the outermost (Kapapa) is 134 miles off the eastern side, and near the center of the bay. Several villages and small-boat landings are scattered along the shores of the bay. There are three tall radio towers at Heeia, on the southwestern side of the bay. The boat landing of a yacht club is situated a short distance southward of the towers. The village of Kaneohe is about 11⁄2 miles southeastward of Heeia. A glassbottom excursion boat makes regular trips around the coral beds. Pyramid Rock, the northwesterly point of Mokapu Peninsula, is black and has a sharp summit.

Mokapu Peninsula, about 19 miles southeastward of Kahuku Point and 10 miles northwestward of Makapuu Head, is a prominent landmark with a greatest elevation of 695 feet (212 m). Ulupau Head, at the northeasterly end of the Peninsula, is a rocky headland, part of the rim of an old crater. Mokumanu Islands, lying 34 mile northward of the head, are two small islands, about 200 feet (61 m) high, with vertical sides. The passage southward of the islands has a depth of about 5 fathoms (9.1 m) in mid-channel, but it should not be used by strangers. Between Mokapu Peninsula and

Makapuu Head the beach is for the most part low and sandy with black rocks showing in places. There is a narrow strip of cultivated land between the beach and the foot of the sheer, rocky cliffs, or pali. These sheer cliffs are a characteristic of the mountains from a point abreast of Kaneohe Bay to Makapuu Head. The mountain range gradually draws nearer to the coast as Makapuu Head is approached. Kailua Bay, southeastward of Ulupau Head, is an open bight affording no shelter from the trades. The beach at the head of the bay is sandy, and is marked by a public bathhouse. Shoal water extends 7 mile off the shores of the bay. Between Kailua and Waimanalo Bays may be seen a group of grass-covered hills near the beach.

Mokolea Rock, lying about 1 mile offshore in the northerly part of Kailua Bay, is a small black rock, about 20 feet (6.1 m) high, with 5 to 8 fathoms (9.1 to 14.6 m) around it.

Alala Point is on the southern side of Kailua Bay, and is a low bluff with a white stone monument 25 feet (7.6 m) high which resembles a lighthouse.

Mokulua Islands, the northerly one 206 feet (63 m) high and the southerly one 182 feet (55 m) high, are steep, rocky islets with grass-covered slopes, lying about 3/4 mile offshore and midway between Alala and Wailea Points. Westward of the islets is an extensive reef, and between the reef and the mainland is a small boat passage leading to privately owned boat landings.

Waimanalo Bay, lying between Wailea Point and Makapuu Head, affords shelter in all weather for small craft behind the barrier reef which parallels the coast in this vicinity. The entrance is in the northwesterly part of the bay, with a least depth of 12 feet (3.7 m) over the bar and 10 feet (3 m) inside. During strong trades the entrance is closed by breakers. There is a small wharf at a place called Waimanalo Landing, in the southern part of the bay, but it is seldom used. Waimanalo Plantation settlement is situated 1 mile inland from the bay, and is marked by the mill and tall stack. There is a shallow boat passage along the beach between Waimanalo Bay and Kailua Bay.

The reef, which extends 114 miles off the northern shore of Waimanalo Bay, gradually trends inshore until it disappears near Makapuu Point.

Manana Island, 359 feet (109 m) high, lies 1 mile north-northwestward of Makapuu Point Lighthouse. It is part of an old crater and consists of a lighter shade of rock than any in the vicinity. Its sides are bluff, except on the westerly side, where there is a short sloping point. There is deep water close-to on the northeasterly side of the island. There is a depth of about 4 fathoms (7.3 m) between Manana Island and the mainland, but it should not be attempted by strangers.

Kaohikaipu Island is a flat, black mass of rock, about 70 feet (21.3 m) high, lying about midway between Manana Island and Makapuu Head. A double rock about 10 feet (3 m) high, lies 200 yards northeastward of the islands. In a heavy swell the sea breaks about 100 yards outside of the rock. A small black rock, just showing above the water, lies about 170 yards southwestward of the island. There is a depth of about 5 fathoms (9.1 m) between Manana and Kaohikaipu Islands, but owing to the reefs which make off