United States and the "Aguinaldo March," the anthem of the Philippines, are played, every one should stand and gentlemen's hats should be removed.

Patriotism for the Filipino is devotion to the best interests of the Philippines. Take pride in the history of your country and in the lives of your great men; support your country in time of peace; defend your country in time of war; love your country at all times. President

Quezon of the Philippine Senate, at the inauguration of the first Filipino president of the University of the Philippines, said: "We want our girls and our boys to be taught that they are Filipinos, that the Philippines is their country and the only country that God has given them; that they must keep it for themselves and for their children and that they must live for it, and die for it, if necessary."

As a citizen you owe a duty to your fellow men, to

your country-the Philippines-and to God. Let the life of Rizal be your pattern.

10. Methods.-These are a few of the principles of government. Remembering them, we look about us to our family, our friends, our barrio, and we first study their welfare-community welfare. We advance beyond this small circle and consider the broader needs of the nation, such as education, health, etc.—which we call the functions of government. We cannot stop here. We must learn how these functions are performed. So we study the organization of government. But no one branch of the government can do all the things needed by the people. We begin with the municipality, then pass to the province, and moving higher and higher come to the central government; and finally, we return to where we began, to Philippine ideals, and our duties as citizens of the Philippine Islands.

Let us hope that by your study of this book you will learn how to be a good citizen.

Test Questions

1. Why is government necessary?

2. What did Rizal say about government?

3. Why should Filipinos study about government? 4. Give four chief reasons for studying government.

5. How are individuals dependent on others?

6. What is the family? Who has control of the family? What are the duties of the children in the family?

7. What is meant by patriarchal government? Did patriarchal government ever exist in the Philippines? When? 8. What does the word "society" mean?

9. How does the text define "government"; "nation"; "state"? How does "government" differ from "nation" and "state"?

10. Is there a government in the Philippines? What is the correct name of this government? Is there a nation in the Philippines? What is the name of this nation?

II. What is church government? What is the difference between military government and civil government? What kind of government do we have in the Philippines?

12. What four kinds of government are mentioned in the text? What is a "monarchy"? Name three important monarchies of to-day. How does an aristocracy differ from a monarchy? What was President Lincoln's definition of a democracy? What is a representative democracy called? Name five of the chief republics of the world.

13. Name the three great epochs in the development of Philippine government. What kind of government was there during the pre-Spanish epoch? Whom did the governorgeneral represent during Spanish rule? What is the American policy in the Philippines? What change in the form of the Philippine government may next be expected?

14. Make a list of at least ten civic virtues. Write a short composition showing how thrift benefits the individual and strengthens the government.

15. What is patriotism? To what should the efforts of all patriotic Filipinos be devoted?

16. Name two emblems of patriotism. When the "Star Spangled Banner" and the "Aguinaldo March" are played, what should those present do?

17. Name some of the functions of our government. In what order will we study the different branches into which our government is organized?

18. Explain the diagram of Government on page 5.

PART I

FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER II

COMMUNITY WELFARE

11. Importance. We all know something of our own home, our community, our barrio, our municipality. They do many things for us. They should receive many things from us in return. Each of us owes something to the municipality, the province, and the Philippine Government.

Every large community has many opportunities to display its civic pride-school houses, public buildings, parks, monuments, playgrounds, baths, night schools. The community requires many conveniences—markets, telephones, telegraphs, mails, lighting systems. The community has many needs-health service, roads, bridges, irrigation systems, artesian wells. The community should take pride in having its homes and public buildings and the town generally praised for its progressiveness.

The study of community welfare includes all of these opportunities, conveniences, and needs.

12. The Home.-What is meant by community welfare can best be understood by considering the small

est and most familiar community of which we are members, the home. In some ways, it is also the most important, especially in the Philippines, where the people retain

a strong affection for their homes. The home is important in the first place, because of what it does for its own members, and it is important in the second place, because of what it does for the larger community.