17. How are provincial governors selected in the Mountain Province and in the provinces of Bukidnon, Cotabato, Lanao, and Sulu? How are provincial governors selected in Batanes, Palawan, Nueva Vizcaya, Agusan, Davao, and Zamboanga?

18. Who compose the provincial board in special provinces? How is the third member elected?

19. Name the sub-provinces. To what province does each belong?

20. How is the lieutenant-governor selected and what are his duties?

21. What portion of the revenue collected in a subprovince goes to the sub-province, and what portion to the province ?

22. Who appoints the deputy governors in the Mountain Province ?

CHAPTER XV

THE CITIES OF MANILA AND BAGUIO

145. Capital and Metropolis.-Manila existed for many years before the coming of the Spaniards. The first Spanish Governor, Legazpi, began the organization of Manila, as we now know it, in 1571. From that date to the present, Manila has been the capital and largest city of the Islands. It has a population of about three hundred thousand.

In Manila gather the members of the Legislature; here sits the Supreme Court; and here are the offices of the Governor-General and of the most important governmental branches. The representatives of foreign states known as consuls, who are sent to the Philippine Islands to look after the interests of foreign citizens, establish their residences and offices in Manila. Assemblies such as the Agricultural Congress of the Philippine Islands, and the Medical and Pharmaceutical Congress, hold their annual meetings in Manila.

Manila is, moreover, the principal seaport and therefore the commercial center of the Philippines. Manila is also the educational and religious center of the Islands. Travelers come thousands of miles to see its famous Luneta, the Botanical Garden, and the old churches-to view "the Pearl of the Orient."

Politically, commercially, and educationally, Manila, therefore, is a great city of the world.

146. Government of Manila.—The City of Manila, because it is the capital of the Philippine Islands, has a different form of government from that of other municipalities. The Philippine Legislature grants Manila many powers in a special law called a charter.

The government of the city is directed by a Mayor and a Municipal Board. The Mayor and the Municipal Board assist each other and at the same time limit each

other's power.

147. The Mayor.-The Mayor is the chief execu tive officer of the City, with many important duties. He is appointed for a term of three years by the GovernorGenerai, with the consent of the Philippine Senate. In the event of the absence or sickness of the Mayor, the Governor-General appoints an Acting Mayor.

The Mayor has immediate control over the city departments. It is his duty to enforce the laws and ordinances in effect in the City, to see that all taxes and other revenues of the City are collected, and to grant and refuse municipal licenses or permits. On ceremonial occasions, the Mayor is the official representative of the City in extending its hospitality.

The Mayor must necessarily have close relations with the Municipal Board. One of the powers of the Mayor is to give such information and recommend such measures to the Municipal Board as he deems wise. He can also attend the sessions of the Board and participate in its discussions, but may not vote. He must submit to the

Municipal Board, before the thirty-first day of October of each year, a budget of receipts and expenditures of the City. The Mayor has the power to either approve or veto ordinances, and resolutions or motions directing the payment of money, or creating liability. In case seven members of the Municipal Board disagree with the veto of the Mayor, the matter is referred to the GovernorGeneral for approval or disapproval.

148. City Departments. Under the Mayor's supervision are seven city departments and a number of offices for administrative purposes. These seven city departments are the following: Department of Engineering and Public Works, Police Department, Law Department, Fire Department, Department of Finance, Department of Assessment of Real Property, and Department of City Schools. The Governor-General, with the advice and consent of the Philippine Senate, appoints the City Engineer and his assistants, the Chief of Police and his assistants, the Fiscal of the City and his assistants, the judges and the clerk of the Municipal Court, the Chief of the Fire Department, the City Treasurer, the City Assessor, and the Superintendent of City Schools. The Superintendent of City Schools is also under the supervision of the Director of Education.

Other city offices include the District Auditor, the City Physician, the Playground Director, and the Board of Tax Appeals. A number of insular bureaus also perform municipal duties.

149. The Municipal Board.-The Municipal Board consists of ten members elected for terms of three years.

It selects one of its members as president. It also chooses a secretary. Two regular meetings are held each week, and a number of special sessions, not exceeding thirty,

each year.

The Municipal Board passes the resolutions and ordinances of the city and has numerous powers somewhat similar to those of a municipal council. The approval of the budget submitted annually by the Mayor and the preparation and enactment of the ordinance appropriating about nine million pesos for the expenses of the city, is one of the most important powers of the Municipal Board.

The ordinances are published in one volume under the name of The Revised Ordinances of the City of Manila. Other municipalities would do well to copy some of the ordinances of the City of Manila for their own use.

150. The Municipal Court.—Instead of a justice of the peace court, the City of Manila has a municipal court with two judges. This court tries about the same kind of cases as justice of the peace courts. All the minor criminal and civil cases are presented to the municipal court for decision. A case can be appealed from the municipal court to the Court of First Instance of Manila.

151. Activities.-Conditions and customs in cities like Manila are different from those in small municipalities. Greater dangers exist because the population is so large and all kinds of men and women are found there. On the other hand, since it is a great city, the people in Manila naturally enjoy many modern conveniences not found in other municipalities in the Philippines.

These conveniences are made possible by the efforts