of the citizens themselves, aided by the government of the city. For example, in the year 1921, the Government of the City of Manila spent a total of nearly nine million pesos. The citizens of a city like Manila know that they must willingly pay taxes because without taxes the government of the city cannot have revenue, and without revenue it cannot hope to make their city a progressive

one.

Amusement and recreation are provided in various ways. The Constabulary Band, one of the most famous bands in the world, and the City Boys' Reformatory Band play in the late afternoons on the Luneta or in other parks. There are a municipal golf course, tennis courts, baseball parks, football grounds, and public playgrounds under the supervision of playground instructors. There are a number of parks of which the Botanical Garden and the Luneta are the most famous. Good theaters and cinematographs help to complete the attractions of the city.

Educational and religious opportunities are many. In Manila are great schools and colleges, many newspapers and periodicals, and a large library open to the public. There are churches of all denominations where one's religious needs may be satisfied. The city looks after the welfare of the unfortunate, while private persons and associations also take an interest in them. It has established a City Boys' Reformatory, a City Girls' Reformatory, and an Asylum for insane and invalid persons. The cemeteries, especially the Cemeterio del Norte, are maintained in good condition.

Of comforts there are many. The electric railway makes it easy for people to travel throughout the city. The residents of the city can have the use of electric lights, gas, and telephones. Good water is furnished by the government and ice can be purchased. Well-con

THE PUBLIC MARKET, BAGUIO This market, which is of great use to the Igorots, is built of stone found near Baguio.

structed and sanitary markets are maintained by the city. Animals, the meat of which is intended for public consumption, are killed in clean slaughterhouses under the control and supervision of the city. Health is protected by the great hospitals and the sanitary sewer systems. Property is protected by modern fire apparatus.

Manila has many functions which other municipalities should study and copy, according to their needs.

152. The City of Baguio.-The City of Baguio is regarded as a summer capital and health resort for the Philippines. Cultured people, who have traveled widely, say it is one of the most beautiful places in the world. Situated in the mountains of Northern Luzon, Baguio is reached by the Manila Railroad and by automobile over the famous Benguet Road. Baguio has lovely hills and valleys covered with pine trees and flowers. Over five thousand feet above the sea level, it naturally has a cool climate which is especially beneficial for invalids. Baguio also enjoys the advantages of electric lights, telephones, good water and ice, a sewer system, fine schools, and excellent roads.

The City of Baguio, like the City of Manila, is granted a special charter. Its government is directed by a Mayor, a Vice-Mayor, and a City Council. The Mayor and ViceMavor are appointed by the Governor-General. The Mayor is the chief executive officer of the city. The Vice-Mayor is a member of the City Council and acts for the Mayor in his absence. The Council is composed of the Mayor, the Vice-Mayor, and three other members, two elected by the voters of Baguio, and one appointed by the Governor-General. The Council is a legislative body. There is also an advisory council composed of five Igorots.

Test Questions

1. Give a brief history of the City of Manila.

2. Why is Manila the most important city in the Philippines? What is the population of Manila?

3. Is the government of Manila the same as that of a municipality?

4. What is the name of the chief executive officer of Manila? What is the name of the legislative body of Manila? 5. Who appoints the Mayor? Who acts as Mayor in the Mayor's absence?

6. State some of the powers and duties of the Mayor. 7. Name seven city departments in Manila. Name some other city offices.

8. How many members are there in the Municipal Board? Are they elected or appointed? How is the president of the board selected? The secretary? When are regular meetings held? How many special meetings can there be each year? 9. Give the principal powers of the Municipal Board. What are The Revised Ordinances of the City of Manila? 10. Tell about the Municipal Court.

II. Are conditions and customs in Manila different from those in small municipalities? Explain.

12. Name some of the conveniences enjoyed by the people of Manila.

13. How is amusement and recreation provided in Manila? What is the Constabulary Band? What is the Botanical Garden? What is the Luneta?

14. What educational and religious opportunities are there in Manila? Name three institutions established by the city. 15. Give some of the comforts of Manila.

16. Why is the City of Baguio important? Describe Baguio.

17. What three persons or bodies direct the Government of Baguio? Describe each. What is the advisory council?