A number of homes added together make up a larger community, such as a barrio. Still more homes added together make up a municipality, while a number of municipalities make up a province, and the provinces together make up the Philippine Islands.

It does not matter so much whether or not the home is found in a splendid building or in a nipa house. It is the way the home is cared for, the atmosphere of cheerfulness which surrounds it, and the spirit of coöperation by the persons living in the home, which is important. A good home may thus exist in a poor house and a poor home in a fine house.

13. Common Aims of the Community.-Some one has said that we have six kinds of wants: knowledge, health, association, beauty, religion, and wealth. We attend school so as to acquire an education. We gain knowledge also by reading, by travel, and in other ways. We all have the desire for good health, which requires that we have food and drink, sufficient clothing to protect our bodies, and houses to live in. We gain pleasure by association with others, as through sports and games. In addition to knowledge and health and association, it is natural for us to desire surroundings that are pleasant and beautiful. Another way by which we have an opportunity for association with others is through religion. And, lastly, we all wish at least sufficient money to support ourselves and possibly to contribute to the support of our family.

The six aims of the community which we have named mean that people have common purposes. We must, of

course, acquire our wants by ourselves, but after all our own happiness will come principally by helping others.

Most of the wants we have named will be described when we come to study such subjects as education, health, charity, public welfare, etc. As examples of community problems, let us now describe two of them—recreation and civic beauty.

14. Recreation.-Recreation can be secured in many ways. For instance, there can be playgrounds for baseball, track meets, tennis, and all kinds of athletic games; public baths; theaters and moving pictures of clean, attractive events and scenes; concerts of all kinds; and parks where people can rest and breathe fresh air. Playground activities should be supervised. Clean amusements should be substituted for such vices as cockfighting and gambling.

Every one should play a part of the time, and if the play is sound, it will develop one's physical, intellectual, and moral being, and will at the same time furnish pleasure.

15. Civic Beauty.-What is more to be admired than a perfect tree, an exquisite flower, or a gorgeous sunset? These are nature's contributions to man's enjoyment. Man all too often fails to appreciate these gifts. Instead, we should do our part to appreciate them and to keep them beautiful.

There can be beauty in the house, the school house, and the public buildings. The house, the school house, and public buildings should be kept clean. You should care for the garden; you can plant trees, grass, and flowers.

Trees, such as mango and coconut, are valuable to the owners because they produce food as well as shade. One can take justifiable pride in the possession of a beautiful house set in sanitary surroundings, free from flies, mosquitoes, and other insects.

There can be beauty in the street. It should be well built and kept clean and in good repair. Shade trees can be planted at regular intervals along the street. Arrangements can be made to clean and sprinkle the roads and to collect garbage and rubbish. Every municipality should have a "clean-up-week" at least once a year. Street lights are needed for safety.

There can be beauty everywhere in the barrio and municipality if only the natural beauty is preserved and improved. A national hero can be honored and the town. beautified by an artistic monument or a building presented by generous members of the community. In laying out streets and in erecting buildings, a definite plan should be followed. Manila and Baguio were planned by Mr. Burnham, a great architect, and these are wonderfully beautiful cities. Every town can be improved and often at small expense.

16. Coöperation Necessary.-Every person must depend to a large extent upon other persons for the satisfaction of his wants. This dependence of one person upon another person is shown even in the smallest barrio and municipality.

The necessity for coöperation is shown in many ways. In a baseball team, for example, there must be teamwork if it is to win games. The same kind of teamwork is

necessary for the community and for the government if there is to be progress. Communities, therefore, need to be organized, and they need leadership. Sometimes this organization is effected through associations, such as

rural agricultural coöperative associations, women's clubs, and other means. Again, coöperation is effected by means of the municipal government, the provincial government, and the Central Government.

17. Agencies.-The Government frequently assists communities and societies to realize their common aims. The Philippine Government is like a kind father in this respect. The office of the Public Welfare Commissioner

was established to help charitable and public welfare enterprises. The municipal council has authority to provide for the establishment of many of the institutions necessary to community welfare. Officers of the Government are ready at all times to advise you as to farming, lands, education, and other equally important matters.

Other agents are voluntary. Some are associations, such as the American Red Cross, Philippines Chapter, organized to relieve distress in peace and in war; the woman's clubs organized to foster civic spirit in women, and the Rural Credit Societies organized to develop agriculture. When a person donates land for a school, or presents the municipality with a park, or provides good milk for poor babies, or gives financial and material relief to the needy, either directly or through some organization, he is, likewise, a public benefactor. All can and should do something for the community, no matter how small a part

---

18. Responsibility. If your community does not possess the advantages mentioned as important, see if some means cannot be found to obtain them. But do not think these are necessary for your community only. Some, as education, health, public welfare and charities, and so on, are so important and affect the entire Philippines so much that we shall study them more thoroughly in the following chapters. We will discuss these functions in order.

Test Questions

1. How may the civic pride of a community be judged? Give an illustration in your municipality.