What criticism has there been of the government established under the Jones Law? Why was the Council of State established? 5. Who is the President of the Council of State? Who is the Vice-President of the Council of State? What importance does this position give him? Who are the members of the Council? 6. Give the principal functions of the Council of State. CHAPTER XVIII THE EXECUTIVE POWER 160. The Governor-General.-The Governor-General of the Philippine Islands is the chief executive. He is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The Governor-General is responsible to the President and holds office at his pleasure. The Governor-General resides in Manila, living in a beautiful home called by the old name it carried in Spanish days, Malacañang Palace. The powers and duties of the Governor-General are many and important. He is the supreme executive authority. He represents the Government of the Philippine Islands in its dealings with other countries. With the advice and consent of the Philippine Senate, he appoints all the chief officials, including the secretaries of Departments (except the Secretary of Public Instruction), the undersecretaries of departments, most chiefs of bureaus, the mayors of the Cities of Manila and Baguio, the Judges of First Instance, and justices of the peace. Nine members of the House of Representatives and two members of the Philippine Senate are appointed by him, without needing the consent of any one. He confirms the elections of insular and provincial officers. He has general supervision of all the departments and bureaus of the 182 Government. He sees that the laws are faithfully exe'cuted. He is Commander-in-Chief of the constabulary and the militia. He addresses the Philippine Legislature asking them to consider certain questions and approves or disapproves bills. He presides at meetings of the Cabinet and Council of State. He can grant pardonsthat is, if one is imprisoned, the Governor-General has the power to set him free. Two bureaus, the Bureau of Audits and the Bureau of Civil Service, are directly under the control of the chief executive. 161. The Bureau of Audits.-At the head of the Bureau of Audits are an auditor and a deputy auditor appointed by the President of the United States. This Bureau may be called the business office of the Government, for it inspects accounts and approves payments of money from the Treasury. The Bureau of Audits prevents the unlawful expenditure of government funds. The Islands are divided into auditing districts. In each district there is a district auditor who inspects the provincial and municipal accounts. 162. The Bureau of Civil Service.-At the head of the Bureau of Civil Service is the Director of Civil Service appointed by the Governor-General with the consent of the Philippine Senate. The principal duty of the Director of Civil Service is to enforce the Civil Service Law. This is a law first passed by the Philippine Commission which provided for "the establishment and maintenance of an efficient and honest civil service in the Philippine Islands." Because of the Civil Service Law, the government selects its employees on the basis of merit. Civil service examinations. are held in Manila and in the provincial capitals for those who wish to obtain positions in the government service. Applicants must pass an examination with a grade of at least seventy per cent. The Director of Civil Service recommends those who pass with the highest grades for appointment to the various positions. 163. The Vice-Governor.-The Vice-Governor of the Philippine Islands is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The Vice-Governor acts as Governor-General in case of a vacancy in this office. Should both the Governor-General and the Vice-Governor be unable for some reason to perform the duties of the office of GovernorGeneral, the President can name the head of one of the executive departments to act temporarily as GovernorGeneral. The Vice-Governor is head of the Department of Public Instruction, Chairman of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines, and chairman of the Pension and Investment Board. He performs other duties assigned him by the Governor-General. 164. The Executive Departments.-There are six executive departments, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Finance, the Department of Justice, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and the Department of Commerce and Communications. Senator Palma, in a speech before the Philippine Senate, said that the six de |