partments correspond to the six principal purposes which all well-organized governments have to accomplish. In his words these purposes are: (1) "The political direction of the various local administrative units, such as de

THE EXECUTIVE BUILDING, MANILA

In this building are the offices of the Governor-General, the Vice Governor, and the officers and employees who assist them. partments, provincial and municipal governments, and special governments"-The Department of the Interior; (2) "The guardianship of the State over the mental development and physical welfare of the citizens"-The Department of Public Instruction; (3) "The collection of the public revenues and administration of the finances and business of the government"-The Department of Finance; (4) "The enforcement of the law and maintenance of order and safeguarding of the citizens and their

rights"—The Department of Justice; (5) “The guardianship in connection with the preservation of the natural resources and the development of its sources of wealth”The Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources; (6) "The carrying out of such work and services as cannot be performed by private citizens, conducive to the common welfare and public prosperity"-The Department of Commerce and Communications. So, if you will note carefully, you will see that each department endeavors to accomplish a particular purpose.

The Philippine Legislature has power to increase or abolish any of the departments except the Department of Public Instruction. Bureaus can also be transferred to other departments by the Legislature, with the exception of the Bureau of Education and the Philippine Health Service, which must remain in the Department of Public Instruction.

165. Secretaries and Under-Secretaries of Departments. The Departments perform their functions. under the direction of the secretary corresponding to the Department. In other words, there is a Secretary of the Interior, a Secretary of Public Instruction, a Secretary of Finance, a Secretary of Justice, a Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and a Secretary of Commerce and Communications. All but the Secretary of Public Instruction are appointed by the Governor-General with the advice and consent of the Philippine Senate for terms of office not longer than three years.

In each department there is an under-secretary appointed by the Governor-General with the advice and con

sent of the Philippine Senate, without restriction as to the term of office. The under-secretary assists the Secretary of the Department in the performance of his duties, and acts as Secretary of the Department in case of a vacancy.

Secretaries and under-secretaries direct and supervise the activities of the bureaus and offices in their departments. The secretaries and the chiefs of the bureaus make annual reports. A secretary may be called upon to give information by either House of the Philippine Legislature and he may speak before either of these bodies.

In 1917, the Governor-General organized a body called the cabinet, composed of himself as presiding officer, and the six secretaries of the executive departments. With the creation of the Council of State, the cabinet ceased to exist as such, although the individual secretaries of departments still continue to advise the Governor-General.

166. The Department of the Interior.-The Department of the Interior has supervision over the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, the Philippine General Hospital, the Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners and Inspectors, the Boards of Medical, Dental, and Optical Examiners, the Board of Examiners for Nurses, the Executive Bureau, the Philippine Constabulary, the Public Welfare Commissioner, and the Cities of Manila and Baguio.

The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes does everything possible for the development of the non-Christians in the Mountain Province, the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, and the provinces in the former Department of Mindanao and Sulu.

The Philippine General Hospital is located in Manila and is well organized for the care of the sick.1

The Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners and Inspectors, the Board of Dental Examiners, the Board of Optical Examiners, and the Board of Examiners for Nurses are each composed of three members; the Board of Medical Examiners has five members. These boards. hold examinations for persons who wish to be pharmacists, dentists, oculists, nurses, or doctors, and issue or revoke certificates of registration. The Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners and Inspectors is further authorized to inspect drug stores.

The Executive Bureau until recently assisted the Governor-General in his executive duties. It now acts under the Secretary of the Interior, and supervises the governments of the provinces, with the exception of those which are under the supervision of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, of the City of Manila, and of the City of Baguio. The Executive Bureau also has supervision over provincial treasurers.

The Philippine Constabulary is the police force of the Philippines. It is organized on the military plan.

The office of the Public Welfare Commissioner has been organized to supervise all government public welfare agencies and the private agencies which receive government support, and to reduce infant mortality in the Philippines.

1 TO THE TEACHER. It is suggested that sections 33 and 34 in the chapter on Health be reviewed here. Review the other chapters or portions of chapters as they are mentioned in the discussion of Depart

ments.

167. The Department of Public Instruction.-The Vice-Governor, who is also Secretary of Public Instruction, is the head of this department. It has supervision over the Bureau of Education, the office of the Superintendent of Private Schools, the Philippine Health Service, and the Bureau of Quarantine Service.

The Bureau of Education has charge of the public

school system.

The Superintendent of Private Schools supervises the private schools.

The Philippine Health Service takes care of matters pertaining to health in the Philippines.

The Bureau of Quarantine Service is a branch of the United States Public Health Service. Its purpose is to prevent people who have contagious diseases from coming into the Philippines and spreading these diseases.

168. The Department of Finance.-The Department of Finance has supervision over the Bureau of Customs, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, the Bureau of the Treasury, the Bureau of Printing, and Banks and Coinage.

The Bureau of Customs, as we learned in the chapter on Finance, collects the customs duties and supervises vessels and immigration.

The Bureau of Internal Revenue, as we learned in that chapter, collects the internal revenue of the Philippines.

The Bureau of the Treasury, as we learned in the same chapter, is the depository of the government money, is in charge of the mint, and has supervision over banks and insurance companies.