2. Name some of the conveniences found in your community.

3. Name some conveniences needed in your municipality. 4. Name some of the things in which your municipality can take pride. Tell how your municipality could be improved and the life of the people made happier.

5. What is the home?

scribe a good home.

Why is the home important? De

6. What are our six kinds of wants? How may they be satisfied?

7. Should the people in a community have common aims? Why?

8. What is meaħt by recreation? Why is recreation necessary?

9. What is meant by civic beauty? How may civic beauty be obtained in the home? In the school? In and around public buildings?

10. How should public streets be made? What is clean-up week?

11. Does your municipality have a monument or building in honor of any Filipino hero? For whom? Why is he honored?

12. Why is coöperation necessary to improve the community? Can we have good teamwork without coöperation?

13. Name some associations through which coöperation is secured. Name some governmental organizations through which coöperation is secured.

14. How does the Government assist in the development of community welfare? Name some governmental agencies which help in community betterment. Name some voluntary agencies which do the same.

15. What does your municipality need in order to make it a better municipality? How may these needs be supplied?

CHAPTER III

EDUCATION

19. Importance. It is an honor to be known as an educated man or woman. There are many ways of getting an education. The best and most usual method is to enter the public schools when six or seven years old and graduate from primary, intermediate, and high schools, and the University of the Philippines. Or one can, if he so desires, accomplish about the same thing in private schools. Many people learn a great deal by studying alone or with private teachers. Travel in the Philippines or in foreign countries makes one broadminded and is a valuable means of education. In the United States and other countries are many excellent schools and great universities.

In making a choice of a trade or profession, consider the needs of the Philippines and try to help your country. Farming, business life, engineering, teaching-—there are many useful occupations. But no matter what occupation one selects, one should always continue to read good books, one should converse with intelligent persons, and one should travel, if possible.

20. Public School System.-The public schools were established immediately after American occupation

of the Philippines on August 13, 1898. No function of the Government receives more attention and encouragement than the work of education. The first Act of the Philippine Assembly, known as the Gabaldon Law, appropriated one million pesos for barrio school buildings. Another Act of the Philippine Legislature, called the De Guzman Law, passed in 1918, appropriated over thirty million pesos to be used during the next five years for

SAMAR HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING, CATBALOGAN, SAMAR

school development. About twenty per cent of the government revenues are spent for purposes of education. The proceeds of at least one-fourth of one per cent of the assessed valuation imposed by the real estate tax must be devoted to the support of free public primary schools and the providing or erection of suitable school buildings. Private individuals also donate money, materials, labor, and land for schools.

The aim of the Government is to provide an education for every child. The number of pupils attending the public schools is over one million. At least one million more children of school age cannot be accommodated in the schools because of lack of money to support the schools.

The Bureau of Education, through the Director of Education, the Assistant Director of Education, and an assistant to the director, has charge of the public school system. The Islands are divided into divisions. A school division usually includes one province. Each school division is in charge of a division superintendent of schools. In turn, these divisions are subdivided into districts, each having a supervising teacher. Each district is usually composed of several municipalities. There are also supervisors for special work, principals for the direction of the schools of the municipalities, and teachers for classes or subjects.

The school year opens on the second Monday in June and continues to the first of the following April.

21.

Teachers.-There are three general classes of teachers, municipal, provincial, and insular. Teachers are also classified as permanent and temporary. The permanent insular teachers are those who have qualified by passing the required civil service examination, while the temporary insular teachers have not done so. There are about twenty-five thousand teachers in the Philippines.

Teachers should try to improve themselves in every possible way-physically, to continue in good health; men

tally, to be an inspiration to the pupils; and norally, to set an upright example for them. Teachers, moreover, should be leaders in their communities. A teacher fulfilling his mission in this way deserves, and will enjoy, the love and respect of his pupils and their parents, and of the community.

The Bureau of Education encourages its teachers to improve themselves. Vacation assemblies for teachers are held annually at Baguio and Manila. Provincial normal institutions are held each year. Teachers' classes meet at intervals.

The Government provides pensions for teachers in the public schools who render service for the periods named in the Teachers' Pension Law (Act No. 3050).

In general, we may say that the teacher's activities are restricted along two lines; the religious, because in our government, church and state are separate; and the political, because it is inadvisable that a teacher should take part in personal or party politics. The teacher may not teach or criticize the doctrines of any religion. He is prohibited from personal or party political activity. He is not eligible for election or appointment to municipal or provincial office.

22. Instruction.-There are three types of instruction in the schools: primary, intermediate, and secondary.

The primary course of four years is intended to prepare citizens for the duties of voting and of providing for the home. The intermediate courses, giving three years of additional instruction, are intended to train the