policy of the United States with regard to the Islands, Thus, it was Congress which passed the Jones Law, and it would be Congress which would declare and recognize the independence of the Philippine Republic. 191. The Philippines in the United States.-The Philippines is represented officially in the United States by two resident commissioners. They are chosen by the Philippine Legislature for terms of three years. The law entitles a resident commissioner to official recognition by all departments of the United States. The commissioners have also a seat in the Congress of the United States. They are allowed to speak there but not to vote. Their larger function has naturally been to express the needs and aspirations of the Filipinos to the American people. There are many Filipinos living in the United States for personal reasons. Some are employed, as in the United States Navy, while others are traveling or visiting in the United States. Most Filipinos who are in the United States are studying in American schools. Many Filipinos emigrate to Hawaii to work on the sugar plantations. This, however, is not showing true patriotism, for the Philippines needs all of the Filipinos for the development of their own country. 192. Foreigners in the Philippines.-Many foreign. countries have officials knowns as consuls in Manila. Consuls are business agents sent to protect the interests of their country, to promote commercial matters, and to look after the welfare of their people in foreign lands. The Philippines now has no consuls in foreign countries, but the interests of Filipinos are looked after by the Amer ican consuls. But once independent, the Philippines would have Filipino consuls in other countries. Most foreigners are admitted to the Philippines. Among those not admitted are persons who cannot read and write, the feeble-minded, persons suffering from contagious diseases, polygamists, anarchists, and contract laborers. Chinese laborers may not enter the country. Foreigners, under certain conditions, can become citizens of the Philippine Islands. Foreigners are also given many privileges here, but they may not vote, or hold office, or take up homesteads. If they violate the law, they will be punished the same as any Filipino. The Governor-General has the power to send undesirable foreigners away from the Philippines. It is always well to treat persons of another country with courtesy and respect. 193. Filipinos in Foreign Countries.-To control international action, countries make treaties with one another. Treaties are written agreements stating the respective rights and duties of the two countries. A country also sends diplomatic representatives to the capitals of other countries to study political affairs and to guard his country's interests there. The United States has treaties with other countries and maintains diplomatic representatives at their capitals. The Philippines has no treaties or diplomatic service at present, but will have when once independent. At the present time, the treaties of the United States and the diplomatic service of the United States protect and represent the Philippines in foreign countries. When a Filipino wishes to travel abroad, he goes to the office of the Governor-General in Manila and obtains a passport signed by the Governor-General. A passport is a document describing one's appearance and proving his citizenship. If he is in trouble in a foreign country, he can appeal to the American diplomatic representative or consul for assistance. Filipinos in other countries are usually treated with respect, and have nothing to fear if they in turn are respectful and observe the laws. Test Questions 1. What country holds sovereignty over the Philippines? 2. What power has the President of the United States over the Philippines? The Secretary of War? The Bureau of Insular Affairs? What officer represents the United States in the Philippines? 3. Who is President of the United States? 4. Describe the resident commissioners. How many are there? Who chooses them? For what terms of office? What powers have resident commissioners? 5. For what purposes are Filipinos living in the United States? Should Filipinos emigrate to Hawaii? 6. What are consuls? What officers look after the interests of Filipinos in foreign countries? 7. Are foreigners admitted to the Philippines? What foreigners are not admitted? May Chinese laborers enter the Philippines? 8. What prohibitions are there on foreigners in the Philippines? 9. What are treaties? What are diplomatic representatives? What foreign service now represents the Philippines in other countries? 10. What is a passport? By whom is it issued? CHAPTER XXII THE PHILIPPINE CITIZEN: HIS RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 194. Citizens.-There are only a few persons in the world who are without a country. Practically all people belong to some nation and owe allegiance to some country. The term "citizen," therefore, indicates that a man belongs to a nation and country. Americans, Japanese, in fact all citizens of other countries, are proud to say, "I am an American citizen," or "I am a Japanese citizen." Filipinos should also be proud to speak of "My Country, the Philippines," and to exclaim, "I am a Filipino," "I am a citizen of the Philippine Islands." They should feel moved when the Aguinaldo National March is played, or when they sing I love my own, my native land, For this nation of Filipinos and for this country, the Philippines, every Filipino should be willing to live and to die. 195. Philippine Citizens.-The Treaty of Paris, which concluded the war between the United States and Spain, and Acts of Congress determine who are citizens of the Philippine Islands. This is a difficult subject. But generally speaking, all Filipinos are Philippine citi |