protection of the public. The lepers are carefully looked after at the Culion Leper Colony.

The Bureau of Labor has an employment agency. Any one willing to work can usually find employment. There is a need for labor in Mindanao and on the farms. The Bureau of Labor will help those who are seeking work in every possible way.

The Government is wise in extending a helping hand

A PUBLIC DISPENSARY, TACLOBAN, ORIENTAL LEYTE

to the unfortunate. Poverty makes criminals, and the Government does not want criminals. Poverty likewise causes sickness, and the Government wants a strong nation.

41. Voluntary Associations.-Many people organize into associations to help different classes of unfortunate persons. The Government values the work of these associations, and is always glad to help and advise them.

The Red Cross is a great world organization, with a branch in the Philippines, which gives assistance to the sick and the needy in time of war and calamity. The Anti-Tuberculosis Society has two objects: to help people avoid tuberculosis and to assist those who have con

tracted the disease. The Anti-Leprosy Society was recently organized to fight leprosy and to improve the Culion Leper Colony.

La Gota de Leche distributes good milk for babies in Manila. The puericulture centers decrease the deaths among infants by teaching mothers how to care for and feed their babies properly. In Manila, the Philippine National League for the Protection of Early Infancy does

similar work. The day nurseries in Manila protect the health of young children whose mothers have to work to support the family. The Guardian Association cares for needy children who are partly or entirely of American blood. The Associación de Damas de Filipinas and the women's clubs have many charitable activities, all for the purpose of improving the condition of the people.

Some of the most valuable agencies in connection with charity are the churches. The churches maintain schools and hospitals which are of great benefit to many persons.

There is an organization which believes and advocates that animals should be treated kindly. This is the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

All of these associations are organized for noble purposes, to do good to others. Social service is a most. praiseworthy duty for every one.

Two associations, the Red Cross and the Women's Clubs, are so important that they should be described in separate titles.

42. The Red Cross.-The greatest organization in the world for charity and public welfare work is the Red Cross. The American Red Cross is particularly well organized to furnish aid to the sick and needy and to assist in times of great calamities. It has a chapter in the Philippines.

The Philippines Chapter of the American Red Cross has a membership of over one hundred thousand. The work of the chapter is divided among a number of departments. The home service department aids the families of disabled soldiers and sailors. The Associated

Charities helps the poor families of Manila. The production room gives employment to needy women and makes clothes for the victims of disasters. The disaster relief is for calamities, like fires. The health and nursing department is organized to reduce infant mortality and to raise the standard of health among school children. Health centers have been established by the Red Cross in many provinces of the Islands. The women's volunteer service offers a chance for women to assist in the work of relief.

The Junior Red Cross is a school organization having a membership in the schools of the Philippines of about five hundred thousand. The purposes of the Junior Red Cross, which, by the way, is organized in all enlightened countries, are: (1) to instill in the child the spirit of service to his family, to his fellow pupils, to his school, and to his country; (2) by the use of their own contributions, to apply practical social service to the raising of their own standard of living and that of their community, and (3) by both of the foregoing, to produce more and better members of the Red Cross of the future, and more effective citizens of the next generation. The activities of the Junior Red Cross for the betterment of the children themselves have been largely devoted to the establishment of dental clinics in the schools and to the distribution of cloth in the non-Christian provinces.

43. Women's Clubs.-Filipina women for many centuries enjoyed rights which women in nearby countries like China, Japan, and India did not enjoy. They were, however, usually willing to confine their activities

to the home or to business. But recently Filipina women have become interested in the public welfare.

There are now in the Philippines nearly three hundred and fifty women's clubs and a number of junior clubs for girl members. All of these clubs are united into the National Federation of Women's Clubs of the Philippines.

Women's clubs are organized largely for charitable purposes. The work of women's clubs relates to such important matters as infant mortality, sanitation and municipal improvement, and food production. Child welfare work is of deep interest to the members of the women's clubs. The clubs have also taken up the problem of civic betterment in their localities. Schools and playgrounds have been established because of the activities of some clubs. Streets and parks have been enlarged and made more attractive through the activities of other clubs. Markets and other public conveniences have re ceived attention from still other club women. Finally, food production continues to be one of the principal activities of the clubs, because with better and a more varied diet, there will be stronger mothers and, consequently, stronger babies and children.

44. Philanthropy. In the United States, Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Carnegie, and other rich men have given millions of pesos for libraries, hospitals, and colleges. The Rockefeller Foundation has representatives in the Philippines who are helping the Government to combat disease and improve sanitation.

Here in the Philippines, Mr. Teodoro R. Yangco is