famous for his wise philanthropy. Mr. Yangco has helped schools, rural credit societies, orphans, and many other worthy enterprises. Miss Clara Atilano has bequeathed the income from her property for the maintenance of an orphanage in Jolo. Miss Valeriana Velayo gave a library to the municipality of San Miguel, Bula

YANGCO INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL, SAN ANTONIO, ZAMBALES This school was erected by Teodoro R. Yangco, the great Filipino philanthropist.

can. Mr. Esteban Jalandoni built and financed a school in Iloilo, and after his death left his entire fortune to be spent in the education of the Filipino youth. Other private individuals not so wealthy have shown just as splendid a spirit by gifts of lands for schools, rights of way for roads, money for hospitals, and for puericulture centers, and aid to the needy.

These men and women do not give to every one who asks for help. That is not a good principle. They give to those who actually need assistance and contribute to activities which will really improve the living and working condition of the country.

45. Responsibility. We cannot all be Rockefellers, Carnegies, Yangcos, or Jalandonis, but most of us can do something to help others. Perhaps our charity will take the form of money or personal service, but if we cannot always afford the money or the time we can remember that even a kind word to an unfortunate person is true charity.

Do you not experience happiness in giving presents to your friends at Christmas time and on other occasions? How much happier we would all be if every day were something like Christmas.

Test Questions

1. Why should unfortunate persons be assisted by the Government and by citizens?

2. Why do we have a Public Welfare Commissioner? 3. How does the Government assist welfare organizations? 4. What are puericulture centers?

5. Name three government agencies which perform public welfare work.

6. Who are orphans? Where are orphans placed? What are reformatories?

7. What public welfare work does the Philippine Health Service perform?

8. What public welfare work does the Bureau of Labor perform?

9. Name some of the voluntary associations organized to help unfortunate persons.

10. What is the purpose of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society? Of the Anti-Leprosy Society? Of the Gota de Leche? Why was the Philippine National League for the Protection of Early Infancy organized? What does the Guardian Association do for its wards? What is the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals?

11. What public welfare work do the churches perform? 12. What is the American Red Cross? The Philippines Chapter of the American Red Cross?

13. How many members of the American Red Cross are there in the Philippines? Among what departments is the work of the Philippines Chapter of the American Red Cross divided?

14. What is the Junior Red Cross? Name three purposes of the Junior Red Cross. Are you a member of the Junior Red Cross? How many other members are there in the Philippines?

15. Describe the work of the women's club in your municipality. What is the National Federation of Women's Clubs in the Philippines?

16. What do you know about Mr. Rockefeller; Mr. Carnegie; Mr. Yangco; Miss Atilano; Miss Velayo; Mr. Jalandoni? What did they do to help mankind? What is the Rockefeller Foundation? What principle did these persons follow in helping others?

17. What can you do to help others?

CHAPTER VI

PROTECTION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY.

46. Importance. If a man steals another man's carabao, the police and constabulary find the guilty man and a court sends him to Bilibid Prison. If a foreign country attempts to conquer the United States and the Philippines, the Philippine Militia and the United States Army and Navy protect the two countries. If a fire occurs, the fire department is called out to save the buildings. These are examples of the various needs of protection, some of which arise every day in the Philippines.

In order to make life and property secure, we have many different agencies to protect them, such as the municipal police, the Philippine Constabulary, the Philippine Militia, the United States Army and Navy, fire departments, and various other organizations for the protection of property. These agencies are most important, for they mean life to the individual, existence for the Government, and the preservation of property.

47. Municipal Police.-Every municipality has a police force. Except in the Cities of Manila and Baguio, the number of policemen is decided by the municipal council and the provincial board. In Manila and Baguio, the number of policemen is determined upon the recommendation of the Chief of Police by the City Council

and the Mayor. The City of Manila has the largest and best organized police force in the Islands.

In the provinces, policemen are selected by a municipal police examining board, which holds an examination in each province during the month of January of every year. The commanding officer of the police force is known as the Chief of Police. He is appointed by the provincial governor, on the recommendation of the municipal president and the municipal council. The policemen are appointed by the municipal president, with the consent of the council. The Chief of Constabulary prescribes the uniforms and other equipment of the police.

All members of the police force are peace officers whose principal duties are to preserve order and prevent public offenses. The police also act as firemen in municipalities which have no paid fire departments. A policeman should always remember that he, as an officer of the law, should protect the weak, should exercise courtesy, and should never permit his personal wishes to interfere with his official duty.

48. Philippine Constabulary.—The Philippine Constabulary is a general police force under military discipline. The provinces are grouped into constabulary districts. Each district is under an officer called the district inspector, and each province is under an officer called the provincial commander. The constabulary numbers about six thousand. At Baguio there is a Cadet Academy for the training of young officers.

The principal work of the constabulary is the pursuit and capture of criminals and the maintenance of order.