The Quarterly Review

than from within; their source is at St. Petersburg, rather than at Constantinople or Mecca. The anticipations formed when Turkey was in the mid labour of her earlier reforms, by one who best of all moderns knew the Ottoman Empire and her inmost conditions, are as just and worthy of attention in 1878 as they were in 1840:

'Much has been done,' writes Ubicini,* much remains to do; but a wise and firm perseverance in the judicious and gradual course which has already accomplished so much, will, with time, vanquish all internal and domestic obstacles. It is not for these we fear, if Turkey be left to deal with them herself, and in her own time and manner. Happy would it be for her if these were the only embarrassments she were threatened with. The real and formidable dangers that menace Turkey, arise out of the conflicting jurisdictions and privileges of the various Patriarchates, &c. It is in these that Turkey requires a helping hand from her allies. She may be left to cope with her own home difficulties, and will overcome them by patience and perseverance. All that she requires is a firm and steady support against those external pretensions founded on treaties which Russia alternately cajoled and bullied her into signing.'

The dangers thus, signalled by Ubicini exist to-day in substance, though somewhat modified in form, and disguised in tendency; more insidious, but more urgent than ever. Yet they are of a kind that Turkey, aided by England, can readily obviate. But England has a double duty to perform in the matter; it is hers not merely to protect her ally's endeavours after reform from damaging interference without, but to guide those endeavours right and to strengthen them within. Nor are the counsels of Ubicini less valuable in the latter regard than in the former. Let us bear in mind,' writes that able and experienced author,† that Turkey is essentially the country of tradition, where nothing can be established or endure unless it offer a point of contact with what has gone before; and that in the Empire it is necessary to build upon the law, in order to modify the law.' Golden advice, well worthy of Turkey's attention and England's alike. And again, in view of the work of reform then inaugurated, now, after too long interruption, resumed under better auspices:

'I do not mean to imply that a constitutional system is on the point of being established in Turkey, nor do I see very clearly what Turkey would gain by it. I am merely desirous of showing that reforms are not so difficult or so remote as commonly supposed; that however liberal the future measures of the Government may be, they

Ubicini's 'Letters on Turkey,' vol. i. pp. 186 seqq. Ibid., pp. 132 seqq. Vol. 146.-No. 292.

2 Q

† Ibid., p. 131.

will

For it

will find a ready acceptance with a people long prepared for their
introduction, owing as well to the influence of historical tradition,
whereof the remembrance has become dim but not effaced, as to the
respect with which it invests the person of the sovereign.
must be remembered, that notwithstanding the legal control which
fetters his authority, the Sultan ib, after all, paramount in Turkey.
The dynasty of Othman being the only family in the Empire that has
retained a hereditary name, an unbroken genealogy, and inherited
rights, is the centre of union, the political tie, binding together all
the parts of the monarchy, whose existence seems identified with its
ow. If the Government, in attempting to introduce improvements,
is cautious to present them, not as innovations borrowed from Europe,
but as a return to the principles of the Koran and the Kanoon, and a
truer application of them, opposition will cease; and nothing will
check in Turkey the development of complete regeneration, which has
hitherto been impeded by the uncertainty of her position, and by
obstacles created by foreign diplomacy.ob svab bed lathe any, Gil.

Home alarmists have been very eloquent of late about the
'heavy responsibility, as they love to proclaim it, incurred by
England in regard of Turkey's promised reforms; and while
some have derided the recent en
engagements entered into by our
selves and the Porte, as merely illusory, others, in greater number
perhaps, have denounced them in burden.
Cassandra tónės as a
too heavy to be borne, a weight dragging down to discreditable i
failure, if not actual ruin. Derisory or despondent, either view
is false to fact. The proposed Turkish reforms are not of an
illusory character, but real, adequate, thorough this we have
seen; nor less have we seen that neither within Turkey nor
without is there anything necessarily to impede the fulness of
their execution. Undoubtedly the responsibility incurred by
ourselves in guaranteeing and seconding them is great; but it is
a responsibility worthy of a great nation, the responsibility of/
conferring the blessings of order, justice, stability, and pro-
sperity, not, on Asiatic Turkey alone, but in immediate result,
on Asia and half a world. From a responsibility of this nature
it is not England's way to shrink; in a cause like this she lacks
-long may
she lack-the instinct of fear, eoquti bran©179,habf_1×1
Ebbios Loitifoq silt ui
9 out to osszba

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INDEX

TO THE

HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF THE

QUARTERLY REVIEW.

ABDUL-AZIZ, Sultan, his last days de-
scribed by a lady of the seraglio, 282.
Adonis, the feast of, 417.

Albanians, the, 268. See Turkey.
Alberoni's, Card., 'famous proposals'
for a partition of the Ottoman Em-
pire, 205.

Alphabet, the Cyprian, 441.
American missionary spirit in Turkey,
283.

Anatolia, of the past and present, 550-

condition of, in James I.'s time, 561.
Anglo-Turkish Treaty, the, 287-its
happy policy, 288.
Aphrodite, worship of, at Paphos, 415
-Homeric hymns to, 419-conical
stones, 429.

Armenians, 272, 557. See Turkey.
Ashtoreth, or Astarte, worshipped in
Cyprus, 415.

Asia Minor, natural resources of, 567.
Athienu, excavations at, 435.
Attar of Roses, festival for gathering
the roses in Bulgaria, 278, 279.

Balance of power, the, Burke on, 332.
Belgium, exports and imports of cotton
goods, 510.

Berry, Duchess of, her betrayal and
arrest, 461, 462.

Berryer's interview with Thiers, 462.
Bismarck's, Prince, interview with

Thiers and Jules Favre, 478.
Block, the, in the House of Commons,
181-Mr. Disraeli's warning to the
Committee of Supply in 1857, 183,
184-Mr. O'Donnell on the late Lord
Leitrim, 187-votes for the Civil
Service estimates, 188, 189-pro-
posals for restraining the obstructers,
Vol. 146.-No. 292.

2 R

189-191-the New Rule, 193-195-
Explosions in Mines, 197-minorities,
198-classification of business, ib.-
consolidation bills, 199-abuse of the
12.30 rule, 200.

Boleyn, Anne, her 'confession' in the
crypt at Lambeth, 129.
Bonnafoux's duel with Thiers, 451.
Bramhall, Archbishop of Armagh, his
address to his clergy on re-ordination,
537, 538.

British Empire, rise of the modern, 331
-position and influence of the 18th
century, 334, 335-the Hanoverian
period, 336-state of Great Britain
for more than a generation after,
337-encroachments of France, 338
-fall of Walpole, 339-corruption
of members of Parliament, 340-
jealousy of a standing army, ib.-
state of the navy, 341-effeminacy of
the officers, ib.-depression of the
nation in 1757, 342-its contrast in
1760, 342, 343 disappearance of
Jacobitism, 344-Union with Scot-
land, ib.-condition of Ireland, 314,
345 - death of Frederick, Prince
of Wales, 346-the nation's confi-
dence in George II., ib.-merits of
George I., 346, 347-improvement
in the political condition, 351-
advance of the Press, ib.-treat-
ment of the colonies, 352-scepti-
cism, ib.-the Methodist movement,
ib.-improvement in morals, 353

literature, ib. - outcry against
Hanover, 354-its important part in
the foreign policy of Great Britain,
355-jealousy of foreign troops, 357
-the militia established, ib.-supre-
macy of the navy, 357, 358-national
development, 359-steady support of
international law, 360.

Bryce's, Mr., Transcaucasian and
Ararat, 556 describes Armenia,
1557, 558-Turkish crueltios, 558-
his plans to remedy the evils, ib.1
Bulgarian race, the, 261-265. See
Turkey. abrah
Bulwer, Henry (Lord Dalling), his in-
terview with Thiers, 468, 469.
Burke on the balance of power, 332–
the Imperial rights of Great Britain,
332-high appreciation of his works
on the continent, bl-character of
George II, 849. Lobotomimr
Burnaby, Captain On Horseback
through Asia Minor, 551-his life-
pictures, ib.quickness of observa-
tion, 552 opinion of the Turks,552,
553 portrays the Koords, 553-the
Yeseedees, the Anatolian Greeks, 554

Armenians, 554, 555 Cossack bar-
barity, 555, 556.981-
Busby, Dr., 295-his influence on Dry-
Joden, 296. dooge M

Butler, Bishop, on the general decay of
-religion in 1751, 352. db „sexx
16.Sasad igal e dand

Canning, difference of opinion with the
Duke of Wellington, 89, 90-ICS
Carleton's, Dr. Guy, romantic escape
Ffrom Lambeth Palace, 128,8-Tes
Carter, Canon, his letter to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 522,brod m
Carter's, Mrs. Elizabeth, estimate of
the three Georges, 349. 10. Jasar
Catherine of Russia, 203 her oriental
--aspirations, 203, 204-schemes for
Sabolishing the Turks, 205 her first

Turkish war, 207 insurrection fos-
-tered in the Christian provinces
by Papazolis, 208 the peace of
Kainardji, and the victory of Tches-
-me, ib.-Russian encroachment, 209
ather terms pronounced monstrous
ai by Frederick, 211-the partition of
Poland, 212 discusses her Turkish
plans with Joseph, 213her Grecian
project, 214, 215-friendship with
Voltaire, 217-alliance with Joseph,
218love of flattery, 219 →→→ com-
Lplaints against Turkey, ib.-plans
for the conquest and reconstruction
vof, 221-her manifesto about the
island of Taman, 224 annexation
of the Crimea, 227, 228—the rival
Khans, 228 the crusade against
Turkey first conceived by her, 234.
Catholic Association, the, in Ireland, 76
-its power and secret terrorism, 77.

Cavan, Lord, on the discipline and
obedience of the Indian soldier, 253.
Cesnola, Gen. di, on the diminishing
of the Osmanlis in Cyprus, 428-the
conical stones of Aphrodite, 429-
excavations at Dali, 433-tombs, 433,
484 at Alambra, 434 — Athienu,
435 Golgi, 436 his device for
-shipping the antiquities, 486, 437-
Itreasures found at Curium, 488, 439.
Chesterfield's, Lord, happy administra-
tion of Ireland, 344, 345.rait
Choiseul, Duchess de, on Catherine of
Russia, 170.

Christie, W. D., Poetical Works of
J. Dryden,' 290 on his marriage,
303.
Church, the Holy Orthodox, in Turkey,
state of, 285, Edmon

of England, is it Protestant?
519 the two schools or parties
il of Churchmen, 521-the term Ca-
tholic usurped by the Ritualists,
ib.the word 'Protestant' denounced
as opposed to Catholicism, 522-the
Church Quarterly Review,· 522,
11523-contempt for Luther and Cal-
vin, 523-the Roman Breviary and
Missal, 524 the sacrifice of the
Mass, 524, 525+ true relations of
England with Protestantism, 526–
!schismatical tendency of Ritualism,
526, 530--momentous nature of the
Reformation, 528 grand inter-
national issue raised by it, 529-
- Charles II pledged to support the
Protestant religion, 530-sympathy
and communion with other Protes-
tant communities, 532, 533-French
-Protestant ordination, 534, 535-
Episcopal ordination established as
the rule, 537-reordination, 537, 538

communion of faith, 539-Scotch
bishops, 539-the Augsburg Confes-
Jsion, 543-545-the English XXXIX.
Articles, 544, 545, 547 - Common
Prayer-book, 547,114 1171
Cinyras, king of Amathus, his trick
upon Agamemnon, 418.
Circassians in Turkey, 275-277.
Copper' in ancient Cyprus, 423.
Cosin, Bishop, on French Protestant
ordination, 534, 535-on communion
of faith with other churches, 539.
Cotton consumption in Great Britain,
Europe, United States, and India,
501, note,znotar nya
Crimea, annexation of, in 1784,1227-
the khan and anti-khan, 228-its
ruin by Potemkin, 281.JewTI

Crown, the, and the army, 2 232-arrival
of the Indian troops, 233-attack
of the Opposition, ‘Bill of
Rights, 286-239, 252 the Mutiny
Acts, 237-242-troops in Canada,
82424 the East India Company as a
military power, 248native Indian
Totroops, 244a standing army in Ire-
fand, 245, 246 Parliamentary don-
trol, 248 Militia Act of Charles II.,
-8249the distribution of the army
the prerogative of the Crown, 250-
to its right to move Indian troops, 251
-relationship between the Queen
Joand the army, 252-Mr. Gladstone's
misconception, 254,92 in L
Curium, treasures found at, 438, 439.
Cypria,' the, 419h0 violl sut,dorodo
Cyprus, Ancient, 414-Phoenician co-
lonies in, ib.dulness of the pea-
sants, 415-religion; b.college of
priests, 416-New Salamis and Soli
founded, 418-Greek settlements,
420 conquered by Sargon and Thot-
Somes III-420 supremacy of the
Persians, 421-Cimon and his Athen-
ians, b.Evagoras, 421, 422-revolt
b of the Jews, 423 silver, copper, gold

and emeralds, ib.salt-lakes, il-
towine, 423, 424, 427-luxury, prodi-
-gality, and dissoluteness, 424 Stoic
philosophy,ib.the glory of its second
youth, 424, 425 revenue, 426 —
-Turkish conquest, 426, 427 silk-
-worms, 426 the tobacco-plant, 427
mode of destroying locusts, ib.-
Turkish improvidence, 428 traces
of ancient religion, 429, 480 exag-
gerated notions of buried treasures,
431-excavations, 431, 433-bilin-
gnal tablet, 432 tombs described,
433,434 discoveries, at Athienu,
435-Golgi, 436-the site of Paphos,
437 tombs at Amathus, 438trea-
Zsure of Curium, 438, 439 ancient
archæology, 440 Phoenician artists,
441-Cyprian art, 443.
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Danbeny, Dr., describes Ronth, 23.
Deffand, Madame du, 141-birth and
-early training, 143a matured scep-

tic, 144 marriage, 145 gallantries,
9146 facility of rhyming, 147gours
mandise, ib.-described by Malle.
-de Launay, 149 her salon at Paris
150 at the convent of St. Joseph,
151 Mdlle de Lespinasse, 152, 155

failing eyes, 153-blindness, 154
friendship for Count Pont-de-
Voyle, 156, 157-incapacity forge-
nuine affection, 157 connection with
the President Henault, ibtheir
- correspondence, 157-160-friendship
with D'Alembert, 161 letters from
Shim, 163-165 from Montesquieu,
165from Voltaire, 166-170-her
+bon-mot, 169+acquainted with Ho-
-Trace Walpole, 172-letters to Craw-

ford, 177-described by Henault,
-7179 death and burial, 1800
Disraeli's, Mr., speech on the Select
to Committee in 1857, 183.
Dryden, John, works of, 289 essen-
tially an Englishman, 291-services
to literature, 291-his genius gene-
rally appreciated and eulogised, 292
90+ private character, 293, 294-birth,
294-early years, 295 influence of,
and obligations to, Dr. Busby, 296,
297-at Cambridge, 297-disturbed
-state of the university, 298-settles
in London, 299state of literature,
Joib, stanzas on the death of Crom-

well, 301-solidity of rhyme, and
Isepigrammatic expression, ibinti
Tomacy with Madam Reeve, 302-
J-marriage, b. connected with the

theatres, 303, 304, 305 - not fitted
for comedy, 305-his Annus Mira-
tobilis, and Essay on Dramatic
-Poesy 306, 307-Poet-Laureate, 307
Co-Duke of Buckingham's persecu-
utions, 307, 308-Elkanah Settle's
30' Empress of Morocco, 308, 309-his

All for Love,' 309-theatrical fame,
and Essay on Satire, 310-his
drubbing in Rose Lane, ib.the
'Spanish Friar,' 312-Absalom and
Achitophel,' 312, 313 The Medal,'
314-satire on Shadwell, 315-second
part of Absalom and Achitophel,'
91316 Religio Laici,' ib-pecuniary
rembarrassments, 317--Collector of the

Customs in London, ib.-the 'Mis-
-cellanies,' 317, 318-Threnodia
Augustalis,' 318-conversion to Ro-
man Catholicism, 319-character,
320 the Hind and the Panther,'

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