HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOR LIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ON A PILL TO PROMOTE TIIE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE UNITED DEVELOPMENT IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES JULY 7, 8, AND 10, 1959 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS J. W. FULBRIGHT, Arkinsas, Chairman BOL" RKE B. HICKEVLOOPER, IOWA HUBERT H. HCMPIIREY, Minnesota WILLIAM LANGER, Vorth Dahota MIKE MANSFIELI), Montana GEORGE D. AIKEX, Vermont WAYNE MORSE, Oregon HOMER E. CAPEHART, Indiana RUSSELL B, LONG, Louisiana FRANK CARLOS, aunsas CARL MARCY, Chief of Staff 1 Chairman emeritus. CONTENTS Beale, W. T. M., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs; accompanied by Roger Stewart, Chief, Public Law 480 Liai- son Branch, International Cooperation Administration; James A. Lynn, Assistant Chief, Economic Development Division, Depart- ment of State; and Howard M. Gabbert, Assistant Chief, Commod- ities Division, Department of State --- Bliss, Daniel, president, board of directors, Near East College Associa- tion, Inc.------ Second Congressional District, State of Connecticut.. League of the U.S.A.- Empie, Paul C., Lutheran World Relief... Godley, Lloyd, chairman, legislative committee, Arkansas Farmers Guffio, Frank, CARE... ----------------------------------------- tional Student Association.--- Kinney, Edward M., Catholic Relief Services.. Leavitt, Moses A., American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee--- Leet, Glen, program director, Save the Children Federation, Norwalk, 121 Lynn, John C., legislative director, the American Farm Bureau Federation; accompanied by Herbert E. Harris II, assistant legis- lative director, the American Farm Bureau Federation ---------- Miller, Hon. Clarence L., Assistant Secretary of Agriculture; accompa- nied by Max Myers, Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service; ------------ Morse, Hon. Wayne, U.S. Senator from the State of Oregon.------- Nathan, Robert R., national chairman, Americans for Democratic Rudis, Anthony, foreign trade committee, Illinois Manufacturers Sims, Albert G., vice president, Institute of International Education. Farmers Union, and president of the Rocky Mountain Farmers Union.---- Soth, Lauren, chairman, agriculture committee, National Planning Stambau ;h., Lynn U., first vice president, Export-Import Bank of Washington; accompanied by George Blowers, Director; and Eugene Oakes, economist.-- Stewart, Mrs. Annalee, legislative secretary, U.S. section, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom------- Swanstrom, Msgr. Edward E., chairman, executive committee, American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, Inc.- Symington, Hon. Stuart, U.S. Senator from the State of Missouri.--- 222 Vance, John B., president, Virginia Farmers Union. Walley, Ersel, chairman, market development committee, American Soybean Association.----------- Wilson, E. Raymond, executive secretary, Friends Committee on Wilson, R. Norris, executive director, Church World Service, National Statements submitted for the record by- Adams, Arthur S., president, American Council on Education ----- Carr, William G., executive secretary, National Education Association. Carroll, Hon. John A., U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado.- Epstein, Lionel C., attorney, Putney, Vt----- Gabriel, Iris, founder, Silent Guest Foundation --- Hundley, James M., physician, Washington Grove, Md.-- :: Larson, D. T., Sr., Hartford, Conn.----- McGovern, Hon. George, a Representative in Congress from the First Congressional District, State of South Dakota, Nelson, Hon. Gaylord A., Governor of Wisconsin.--- Neuberger, Hon. Richard L., U.S. Senator from the State of Oregon. Poole, Mrs. Ruby H., national legislation chairman, National Federa- tion of Business & Professional Women's Clubs, Inc.--- Reuther, Victor G., administrative assistant to the president, UAW-- Rogers, Clyde N. and Margaret Brugler, directors, Christian Rural 341 341 INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR PEACE TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1959 U.S. SENATE, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to call at 10:05, in room 4221, New Senate Office Building, Senator J. William Fulbright (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Fulbright, Humphrey Mansfield, Morse, and Aiken. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order. Today the Committee on Foreign Relations begins its consideration of S. 1711, the food for peace bill. This bill is a demonstration of the kind of legislative initiative which I think is appropriate for the Congress to display. It is a bill which joins the agricultural resources of the United States with its foreign policy objectives. (S. 1711 is as follows:) [S. 1711, 86th Cong., 1st sess.) A BILL To promote the foreign policy of the United States and help to build essential world conditions of peace, by the more effective use of United States agricultural commodities for the relief of human hunger, and for promoting economic and social development in less developed countries Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Public Law 480 of the Eightythird Congress, as amended, is further amended as follows: (1) The first section (which provides the short title) is amended to read as follows: “That this Act may be cited as the 'International Food for Peace Act of 1959'.” (2) Section 2 (which consists of a statement of policy) is amended to read as follows: "CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND POLICY "SEC. 2. (a) Because of the increased productivity made possible by science and technology, there is now, for the first time in history, no reason in physical scarcity for the continued existence of hunger, anywhere on this earth. It is now possible and practical for mankind to take cooperative steps to abolish human hunger. "This being so, massive hunger and suffering from want of clothing, existing in the world in the shadow of unused present and potential surpluses of food and fiber, are no longer tolerable, either morally, politically, or economically. "The Congress, while recognizing the difficult international, political and economic problems that lie between hunger and want of clothing in many parts of the world and food and fiber surpluses in others, declares it to be the policy of the United States to move as rapidly as possible in cooperation with other friendly nations, toward putting its abundance of food and fiber more effectively in the service of human need. “(b) Peoples who comprise one-third of the human race have in our generation achieved national independence (or are in the process of doing so) and are |