KEWAUNEE.

-AHNAPEE.

67

Kewaunee, Wisconsin, is on the south side of the Kewaunee River. The entrance to the river is through a channel 300 feet wide at the point where the river bends to the north. The lake end of the channel is protected by two piers 200 feet apart, the north pier being 1,500 feet and the south pier 1,425 feet long.

In September, 1893, there was a depth of 14 feet in mid-channel with a width of 120 feet.

A basin 450 feet long and 11 to 12 feet deep, both the same width as the entrance channel, has been formed in the old river bed to the northward of the entrance.

Kewaunee Pierhead Range. The front light is fixed red, and shown from a lantern in an inclosed glazed conduit. It is 23 feet above the lake level.

The rear light, also red, is 42 feet high, and visible 7 (8) miles. It is shown from a square, white, pyramidal tower. Both are on the north pier.

Directions for Entering the Harbor.-When 13 (11) miles ESE. of the entrance, head in on the range. When the piers are close-to, keep in mid-channel.

Caution. If approaching from the northward be careful of the rocks north of the entrance,

Ahnapee, Wisconsin, is at the mouth of the Ahnapee River on both banks.

The entrance is between piers, 200 feet wide at the entrance, narrowing to 125 feet further in. Each pier is 1,100 feet long. There is a bridge over the river about 1,000 feet inside of the present shore line.

In July, 1892, 111 feet could be carried through the entrance channel, which was 100 feet wide, but from the inshore end to the bridge only 9 feet. The bottom being rocky, care is necessary in navigating.

Ahnapee Pierhead Range Lights.-The front light is fixed red, and shown from a post 22 feet above the lake level.

The rear light is also red, visible 6 (7) miles. It is shown from a square, white, pyramidal tower. Both on the north pier.

Directions for Entering the Harbor.—When 13 (13) miles SE. of the entrance, head in on the range. When the piers are close-to, run between them in mid-channel until the shore line is reached, when keep to the southern side of the channel to the bridge.

HARBOR AT THE ENTRANCE OF STURGEON BAY CANAL, WISCONSIN.

This entrance to the canal leading from Lake Michigan to Sturgeon Bay is a harbor of refuge, though too limited in area and too unprotected to be very efficient. The village of Portage is a short distance to the northward.

In shape the harbor is triangular, being bounded by two converging piers 850 feet apart at the shore line and 230 feet apart at the outer end. The piers are 1,125 feet long. Beyond the piers on either side are detached portions of crib work 150 feet long connected with the main piers by fender piling. The inclosed area is nearly 10 acres.

April, 1893, 14 feet could be carried into the harbor for a space 100 feet wide midway between the piers. From here the depth shoals gradually toward the NW. and SW. angles where but 5 feet of water is found.

Sturgeon Bay Canal is 100 feet wide and 7,200 feet long. From the east end the revetments extend 4,453 feet on the north side and 3,990 feet on the south side. In November, 1893, it was dredged to 13 feet through the canal and for 6,100 feet into Sturgeon Bay. Vessels cannot tie up in the canal but must continue on to Sturgeon Bay.

For a description of the western end of the canal, see Chapter IX. Sturgeon Bay Canal Pierhead Light.-A fixed red light, visible 7 (81) miles, is shown from a square, white, pyramidal tower on the outer end of the north pier.

Fog Signal.-A steam whistle in a house in the rear of the light tower sounds blasts of 5 seconds duration with silent intervals of 25 seconds. Life-Saving Station.-There is a Life-Saving Station about mile from the light.

Directions for Entering the Harbor.-When 1 (1) miles off the entrance, bring the Pierhead light to bear NW. and stand in for it. When the piers are close-to, keep in mid-channel.

Note. Passing from the canal into Sturgeon Bay remember that the bay opens NW. and is buoyed accordingly.

Bailey Harbor, Wisconsin, a deep natural harbor, offers protection from all but south winds. The deep water portion is 1 miles long by mile wide. At the head of the harbor are the range lights, and this range will carry in safety to the anchorage off Bailey Harbor in 3 fathoms of water.

Bailey Harbor Range Lights.—The front light is fixed white, visible 91 (11) miles, and is shown from a white frame tower on the north shore. The rear light is also fixed white, visible 113 (13) miles, and is shown from a square tower on a white dwelling 950 feet N. by W. W. (N. 16° 53′ W.) from the front light. The two form a range N. by W. 16° 53′ W.) leading into the harbor. The lights are 950 feet apart. Daymark.-A white tower (formerly a lighthouse) on the point on the east side of the entrance serves as a daymark on entering the harbor.

W. (N.

Directions for Entering the Harbor.-Stand in on the range N. by W. W. (N. 16° 53′ W.). If beating in, when north of the black spar buoy do not bring it to bear south of S. by W. (S. 11° 15′ W.) until a mile to the northward of it. Having passed the red buoy keep mile west of a

line joining it and the white tower. The west shore can be approached to mile excepting the point making out opposite the white tower. The best holding ground is on the east side of the bay.

The Middle Ground Shoal, at the mouth of the harbor, is mile north and south and mile east and west. It is a rocky shoal with 14 feet over the southern end and 7 feet on the northern.

The SE. end is marked by a black spar buoy in 18 feet of water.

The Eastern Shoal makes out to the southward for one mile. It is 14 miles wide with 13 feet on its SW. end and 15 on its SE. end.

Buoy.-A red spar buoy in 18 feet of water marks the SW. point. Manistique, Michigan, the only town of any importance on the northern coast, is near the mouth of the Manistique River.

Piers have been built in a direction across the natural channel, and are maintained at the mouth of the river by private parties.

In May, 1892, there was a navigable channel 12 feet deep and 150 feet wide between the piers with 10 feet on the outer bar.

CHAPTER IX.

PORTS IN GREEN BAY.

Escanaba, Michigan, is on the western shore of Little Bay de Noquette at the upper end of Green Bay on Sand Point. It affords sheltered anchorage from west, SW., and south winds. There is no inner harbor. Shoals extend off Sand Point, the extreme point being marked by a buoy. Buoy.-A black spar buoy NE. by E. 1 E. (N. 61° 52′ E.) & mile from the light marks the NE. point. It is in 18 feet of water.

Escanaba Light.—A fixed red light, visible 113 (13) miles, is shown from a square tower attached to a white dwelling, both with red roofs. It is near the end of Sand Point.

Round the black buoy about mile distant and do not pass between it and the shore.

Cedar River, Michigan, is situated on the western shore of Green Bay at the mouth of Cedar River.

The entrance to the river is between piers 200 feet apart, running nearly SSE. and NNW., the eastern pier being 754 feet, and the western pier 301 feet in length. Work was suspended by the government in 1885 and has not been resumed since, though private parties have done some dredging. In May, 1892, there was a channel 20 feet wide and 11 feet deep, and one 9 feet deep, with a least width of 40 feet. Dredging was then in progress.

Cedar River Light.—A fixed white light, visible 1376 (15) miles, is shown from a square, white, pyramidal tower near the outer end of the east pier.

Cedar River Range.-The front light, fixed red and 21 feet above the lake level, is shown from a lantern on the south corner of Cedar River light tower.

The rear light, fixed red and 26 feet above the lake level, is 500 feet from the front light and shown from a post attached to an elevated walk near the light tower.

Rock. A rock with 13 feet of water over it lies S. W. (S. 2° 49′ W.) from the light tower.

Buoy. A black spar buoy in 14 feet of water marks this rock.

Directions for Entering the Harbor.-Head in on the range, then keep between the piers. Deep water can be kept by not bringing Cedar River light to bear north of N. by W. W. (N. 16° 53′ W.).

Menominee, Michigan, is on the north side of Menominee River, the towns of Marinette and Menekaunee being on the south bank. The mouth of the river is wide but shallow.