3 feet nor more than 6 feet apart and the upper red light to be not less than 4 feet and not more than 6 feet below the white masthead light, and on or near the stern two red lights in the same vertical plane not less than 4 feet nor more than 6 feet apart, to show through 4 points of the compass; that is, from right astern to 2 points on each quarter.

Rule for vessels which are moored or anchored and engaged in laying pipe or operating on submarine construction or excavation.-Vessels which are moored or anchored, and engaged in laying pipe or operating on submarine construction or excavation shall display by day, not less than 15 feet above the deck, where they can best be seen from all directions, two balls not less than 2 feet in diameter, in a vertical line not less than 3 feet and not more than 6 feet apart, the upper ball to be painted in alternate black and white vertical stripes 6 inches wide, and the lower ball to be painted a solid bright red. By night they shall display three red lights, carried in a vertical line not less than 3 feet nor more than 6 feet apart and not less than 15 feet above the deck, and in such position as may best be seen from all directions.

All the lights required by these special rules for dredges, wrecking boats, lighters, etc., shall be of such size and character as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere for a distance of at least 2 miles.

Rule for vessels which are moored or at anchor.-Vessels of more than 300 gross tons, propelled by machinery, when moored or anchored in a fairway or channel where traffic is liable to congestion or confusion, shall display between sunrise and sunset, on the forward part of the vessel where it can best be observed from other vessels, one black ball or shape not less than 2 feet in diameter.

Rule for lights to be displayed on pipe lines.-Pipe lines attached to dredges, and either floating or supported on trestles, shall display by night one row of white lights not less than 8 feet nor more than 12 feet above the water, about equally spaced and in such number as to mark distinctly the entire length and course of the line, the intervals between lights where the line crosses navigable channels to be not more than 30 feet. There shall also be displayed on the shore or discharge end of the line two red lights, 3 feet apart, in a vertical line with the lower light at least 8 feet above the water, and if the line is to be opened at night for the passage of vessels, a similar arrangement of lights shall be displayed on each side of the opening. The lights shall be of the same size and character as specified in rule 5 above.

Rule for passing signals.-Vessels intending to pass dredges or other types of floating plant working in navigable channels, when within a reasonable distance therefrom and not in any case over a mile, shall indicate such intention by blowing the passing signal prescribed in the local pilot rules for vessels under way, which shall be answered in the usual manner from said plant if the channel is clear and the approaching vessel may pass on the course indicated; otherwise the floating plant shall sound the alarm or danger signal and the approaching vessel shall slow down or stop and await further signal from the plant.

When the pipe line from a dredge crosses the channel in such a way that an approaching vessel, owing to excessive draft or for other reasons, cannot pass around the pipe line or dredge, a signal shall be given from the vessel by sounding 4 blasts of the whistle, which shall be answered by a like signal from the dredge. The pipe line shall then be opened for the passage of the vessel as soon as practicable; when the line is open ready for passage, the dredge shall so indicate by sounding the usual passing signal, and the approaching vessel shall promptly pass the dredge.

Rule for speed of vessels passing floating plant working in channels.-Steamers with or without tows, passing floating plant working in channels, shall reduce their speed sufficiently to insure the safety of both said plant and themselves, and when passing within 200 feet of said plant their speed shall not exceed 5 miles per hour. While passing over lines of said plant, propelling machinery shall be stopped.

Rule for light-draft vessels passing floating plant.-Vessels whose draft permits shall keep outside of the buoys marking the ends of mooring lines of floating plant working in channels.

Rule for aids to navigation marking floating-plant moorings.-Breast, stern, and bow anchors of floating plant working in navigable channels shall be marked by barrel or other suitable buoys. By night approaching vessels shall be shown the location of adjacent buoys by throwing a suitable beam of light from said plant on the buoys until the approaching vessel has passed, or the

buoys may be lighted by red lights, visible in all directions, of the same size and character as specified in rule 5 above: Provided; That the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to floating plant working in the following waters of New York Harbor and adjacent waters; namely, the East River, the North River (Battery to Spuyten Duyvil), the Harlem River, and the New York and New Jersey Channels (from the Upper Bay through the Kill Van Kull, Newark Bay, Arthur Kill, and Raritan Bay to the Lower Bay).

Rule for obstruction of channel by floating plant.-Channels shall not be unnecesarily obstructed by any dredge or other floating plant. While vessels

are passing such plant, all lines running therefrom across the channel on the passing side, which may interfere with or obstruct navigation, shall be slacked to the bottom of the channel.

Rule for protection of marks placed for the guidance of floating plant.-Vessels shall not run over anchor buoys, or buoys, stakes, or other marks placed for the guidance of floating plant working in channels; and shall not anchor on the ranges of buoys, stakes, or other marks placed for the guidance of such plant. NOTE. If it is necessary to prohibit or limit the anchorage or movement of vessels within certain areas in order to facilitate the work of improvement, application should be made through official channels for establishment by the Secretary of War of special or temporary regulations for this purpose.

Rule for clearing of channels.-When special or temporary regulations have not been prescribed and action under these rules and regulations will not afford clear passage, floating plant in narrow channels shall, upon notice, move out of the way of vessels a sufficient distance to allow them a clear passage. Vessels desiring passage shall, however, give the master of the floating plant ample notice in advance of the time they expect to pass.

NOTE. The designation "floating plant" as used in the above rules, includes dredges, derrick boats, snag boats, drill boats, pile drivers, maneuver boats, hydraulic graders, and survey boats.

Rule relating to the use of searchlights.-Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall flash or cause to be flashed the rays of the searchlight into the pilot house of a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

Rule prohibiting unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle.-The Board of Supervising Inspectors, at their annual meeting of January 1907 adopted the following rule:

Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is prohibited within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any steamer authorizes or permits such unnecessary whistling, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, such officer shall be suspended from acting under his license as the inspectors trying the case may deem proper.

Rule prohibiting the carrying of unauthorized lights on steam vessels.-Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall authorize or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required by law, on the ouside structure of the cabin or hull of the vessel that in any way will interfere with distinguishing the signal lights shall, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

RULES FOR LIGHTS FOR RAFTS AND OTHER WATER CRAFT NAVIGATING BY HAND POWER, HORSEPOWER, OR BY THE CURRENT OF THE RIVER, ON THE HARBORS, RIVERS, AND OTHER INLAND WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES, EXCEPT THE GREAT LAKES AND THEIR CONNECTING AND TRIBUTARY WATERS AS FAR EAST AS MONTREAL AND THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AND RIVERS EMPTYING INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES

Any vessel, except rafts and rowing boats under oars, navigating by hand power, horsepower, or by the current of the river, shall carry one white light forward, not less than 8 feet above the surface of the water.

Rafts propelled by hand power or by the current of the river, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near a channel or fairway, shall carry white lights, as follows:

Rafts of one crib and not more than two in length shall carry one white light. Rafts of three or more cribs in length and one crib in width shall carry one white light at each end of the raft. Rafts of more than one crib abreast shall carry one white light on each outside corner of the raft, making four lights in all.

The white light required by these rules for rafts and other water craft shall be carried, from sunset to sunrise, in a lantern so fixed and constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and of such intensity as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least 1 mile. The lights for rafts shall be suspended from poles of such height that the lights shall not be less than 8 feet above the surface of the water.

REGULATIONS FOR TOWS OF SEAGOING BARGES WITHIN INLAND WATERS

(AS AMENDED TO ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MAY 20, 1936)

1. Tows of seagoing barges navigating the inland waters of the United States are limited in length to five vessels, including the towing vessel or vessels.

2. Hawsers are limited in length to 75 fathoms, measured from the stern of one vessel to the bow of the following vessel; and should in all cases be as much shorter as the weather or sea will permit.

3. In all cases where, in the opinion of the master of the towing vessel, it is dangerous or inadvisable, whether on account of the state of the weather, or sea, or otherwise, to shorten hawsers, hawsers need not be shortened to the prescribed length until reaching the localities named below:

(a) Tows bound for Hampton Roads or beyond, before passing Thimble Light.

(b) Tows bound up the Chesapeake, to the northward of Baltimore Light. (c) Tows bound into New York from sea, at West Bank.

(d) Tows bound up the Delaware, between Fourteenth Foot Bank and Cross Ledge Lighthouses.

(e) Tows bound to Narragansett Bay, before reaching Rose Island.

(f) Hawsers may also be lengthened in the same places, under the same circumstances, when tows are bound out.

4. In all cases where tows can be bunched, it should be done.

(a) Tows navigating in the North and East Rivers of New York must be bunched above a line drawn between Robbins Reef Lighthouse and Owls Head, Brooklyn, but the quarantine anchorage and the north entrance to Ambrose Channel shall be avoided in the process of bunching tows. In the discretion of the master of the towing vessel, when tows are entering Long Island Sound from the westward, hawsers may be lengthened out after passing Fort Schuyler, and when entering Long Island Sound from the eastward, hawsers need not be shortened to the prescribed length until reaching Fort Schuyler.

(b) Tows must be bunched above the mouth of the Schuylkill River, Pa. 5. Section 15 of the act approved May 28, 1908, provides:

That the master of the towing vessel shall be liable to the suspension or revocation of his license for any willful violation of regulations issued pursuant to section 14 in the manner now prescribed for incompetency, misconduct, or unskillfulness.

6. Any violation of these regulations shall be reported in writing as soon as practicable to the board of local inspectors of steam vessels most convenient to the officer or other person who may witness the violation.

REGULATION OF MOTORBOATS

THE ACT APPROVED JUNE 9, 1910, TO AMEND LAWS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS OF VESSELS AND TO REGULATE EQUIPMENT OF CERTAIN MOTORBOATS ON THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the words "motor boat", where used in this act, shall include every vessel propelled by machinery and not more than sixty-five feet in length, except tugboats and towboats propelled by steam. The length shall be measured from end to end over the deck, excluding sheer: Provided, That the engine, boiler, or other operating machinery shall be subject to inspection by the local inspectors of steam vessels, and to their approval of the design thereof, on all said motor boats which are more than forty feet in length and which are propelled by machinery driven by steam.

SEC. 2. That motor boats subject to the provisions of this Act shall be divided into classes as follows:

Class 1. Less than twenty-six feet in length.

Class 2. Twenty-six feet or over and less than forty feet in length.

Class 3. Forty feet or over and not more than sixty-five feet in length. SEC. 3. That every motor boat, in all weathers, from sunset to sunrise, shall carry the following lights, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for those prescribed shall be exhibited:

(a) Every motor boat of class 1 shall carry the following lights: First. A white light aft to show all around the horizon.

Second. A combined lantern in the fore part of the vessel and lower than the white light aft showing green to the starboard and red to port, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on their respective sides.

(b) Every motor boat of classes 2 and 3 shall carry the following lights: First. A bright white light in the fore part of the vessel as near the stem as practicable, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side. The glass or lens shall be of not less than the following dimensions:

Class 2. Nineteen square inches.

Class 3. Thirty-one square inches.

Second. A white light aft to show all around the horizon.

Third. On the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side. On the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc on the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side. The glasses or lenses in the said sidelights shall be of not less than the following dimensions on motor boats of—

Class 2. Sixteen square inches.

Class 3. Twenty-five square inches.

On and after July 1, 1911, all glasses or lenses prescribed by paragraph (b) of section 3 shall be fresnel or fluted. The said lights shall be fitted with inboard screens of sufficient height and so set as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow and shall be of not less than the following dimensions on motor boats of

Class 2. Eighteen inches long.

Class 3. Twenty-four inches long: Provided, That motor boats as defined in this Act, when propelled by sail and machinery or under sail alone, shall carry the colored lights suitably screened, but not the white lights prescribed by this section. SEC. 4. (a) Every motor boat under the provisions of this Act shall be provided with a whistle or other sound-producing mechanical appliance capable of producing a blast of two seconds or more in duration, and in the case of such boats so provided a blast of at least two seconds shall be deemed a prolonged blast within the meaning of the law.

(b) Every motor boat of class 2 or 3 shall carry an efficient foghorn.

(c) Every motor boat of class 2 or 3 shall be provided with an efficient bell, which shall be not less than eight inches across the mouth, on board of vessels of class 3.

SEC. 5. That every motor boat subject to any of the provisions of this Act, and also all vessels propelled by machinery other than by steam, more than sixty-five feet in length, shall carry either life preservers or life belts or buoyant cushions, or ring buoys, or other device, to be prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce, sufficient to sustain afloat every person on board, and so placed as to be readily accessible. All motor boats carrying passengers for hire shall carry one life preserver of the sort prescribed by the regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors for every passenger carried, and no such boat while so carrying passengers for hire shall be operated or navigated except in charge of a person duly licensed for such service by the local board of inspectors. No examination shall be required as the condition of obtaining such license, and any such license shall be revoked or suspended by the local board of inspectors for misconduct, gross negligence, recklessness in navigation, intemperance, or violation of law on the part of the holder, and if revoked, the person holding such license shall be incapable of obtaining another such license for one year from the date of revocation: Provided, That motor boats shall not be required to carry licensed officers except as required in this Act.

SEC. 6. That every motor boat and also every vessel propelled by machinery other than by steam, more than sixty-five feet in length, shall carry ready for immediate use the means of promptly and effectually extinguishing burning gasoline.

SEC. 7. That a fine not exceeding $100 may be imposed for any violation of this Act. The motor boat shall be liable for the said penalty and may be seized and proceeded against, by way of libel, in the district court of the United States for any district within which such vessel may be found.

SEC. 8. That the Secretary of Commerce shall make such regulations as may be necessary to secure the proper execution of this Act by collectors of customs and other officers of the Government. And the Secretary of the Department of Commerce may, upon application therefor, remit or mitigate any fine, penalty, or forfeiture relating to motor boats except for failure to observe the provisions of section 6 of this Act.

SEC. 9. That all laws and parts of laws only insofar as they are in conflict herewith are hereby repealed: Provided, That nothing in this Act shall be deemed to alter or amend acts of Congress embodying or revising international rules for preventing collisions at sea.

SEC. 10. That this Act shall take effect on and after thirty days after its approval.

Department of Commerce Regulations.-From time to time, the Department of Commerce issues regulations pursuant to the above Motor Boat Act of June 9, 1910. The following memoranda are from the edition of Circular No. 236 dated December 1, 1936.

As defined by the above act, the words "motor boat" include boats temporarily or permanently equipped with detachable motors, and such vessels, when so equipped are subject to the act.

The lights provided for in Section 3 are running lights, which are to be carried on all motor boats when under way on inland waters in all weathers from sunset to sunrise. These lights are not in conflict with the anchor lights, and additional lights for pilot, towing, and fishing vessels, provided for in the Inland Rules of the Road.

Motor Boats of Class 1 must carry the two-color combination light and the white stern light required by section 3 (a) of the act. The use of separate red and green side lights in lieu of the combination red and green light is prohibited.

No penalty is incurred by motor boats for a failure to carry lights between the hours of sunrise and sunset.

If a motor boat, through temporary disablement of the machinery or lack of gasoline or for any other reason, finds it necessary to proceed under sail, in whole or in part, the white lights should be extinguished and she should proceed with her colored lights only. This does not convert a motor boat into a sail boat, however, and all other motor-boat equipment should be carried. The after light should be higher and so placed as to form a range with the forward light and should be clear of house, awnings and other obstructions. It should be as near the stern as possible.

The law does not specify the size of lights to be carried on motor boats of Class 1. They should be large enough for the purpose intended, the illuminated portion of the light possibly 3 inches or more in diameter.

No size or style of whistle, fog horn or bell (except the bell for Class 3) is prescribed other than the requirement of being efficient for the purpose for which it is intended. A mouth whistle of suitable capacity has been held in compliance with the law. An electric horn or other sound-producing mechanical appliance of suitable capacity may be used in lieu of a whistle.

Fog horns cannot take the place of whistles on motor moats of Classes 2 and 3.

Every motor boat not carrying passengers for hire must have life preservers (belts, buoys, cushions, rings or other devices) in sufficient numbers for all hands (passengers, crew, children and babies). No life preserver is approved for more than one person. The regulations specify in detail the requirements for each preserver. Each preserver must have at least two strong straps, securely attached to it in such manner that they will not break or be torn loose under ordinary conditions, of sufficient length and so arranged that they may be slipped over the arms of the wearer to the shoulders.

Neither life preservers stuffed with granulated cork or other loose material nor pneumatic life preservers will be approved.