TABLE 11.--Synthetic organic chemicals:

United States sales of coal-tar dyes, by class of application, average 1951-55, annual 1956 and 1957

Two classes of dyes accounted for about half of the total output of all dyes in 1957: vat dyes accounted for 29.6 percent of the total, and direct dyes, for 19.9 percent. Output of both these classes of dyes was smaller in 1957 than in 1956: production of vat dyes declined 11.8 percent and that of direct dyes, 4.3 percent.

Production and sales of ungrouped dyes (those having neither a Colour Index nor a prototype number) are shown by chemical class in table 12 and by class of application in table 13. Two chemical classes of ungrouped dyes accounted for 55.7 percent of the total output of these dyes in 1957: azo dyes accounted for 39. 1 percent of the total; and anthraquinone vat dyes, for 16.6 percent. The output of the ungrouped anthraquinone vat dyes was 6.5 percent smaller in 1957 than it was in 1956 and that of azo dyes was 5.1 percent smaller. For ungrouped dyes arranged by class of application, three classes of dyes accounted for about three-fourths of the total output of these dyes in 1957: direct dyes accounted for 40.4 percent; vat dyes, for 17.2 percent; and acetate rayon dyes, for 16.0 percent. Production of ungrouped acetate rayon dyes increased 12.1 percent, and that of direct dyes, 1.7 percent. The output of ungrouped vat dyes declined 6.5 percent.

Table 14 shows production and sales of azoic dyes and their components in 1957. The output of these products totaled 8.2 million pounds, or 1.4 percent more than the 8.1 million pounds produced in 1956. Sales of these products were 6.9 million pounds, valued at 11.5 million dollars, in 1957, compared with 7.0 million

TABLE 12.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of ungrouped dyes, by chemical class, 1957

2 Includes sulfur, indigoid and thioindigoid, triphenylmethane (production), pyrazolone, xanthene, acridine, quinoline, and miscellaneous dyes.

TABLE 13.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of ungrouped dyes, by class of application, 1957

pounds, valued at 13.6 million dollars, in 1956--thus declining 2.1 percent in quantity and 15.3 percent in value. The unit value of sales was $1.67 per pound in 1957, compared with $1.93 per pound in 1956. Except for the Naphthols--production of which declined 10.7 percent in 1957 compared with 1956--the output of the remaining three groups was greater in 1957 than in 1956. The output of fast color salts increased 16.1 percent; that of the Rapidogens, 5.2 percent; and that of fast color bases, 3.6 percent.

TABR. 14. --Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of azoic dyes and their components, 1957

2 Totals shown represent all azcic dyes and their components. Totals shown in tables 8A and 13 represent ungrouped dyes and their components only.

Includes rapid fast dyes, fur dyes, and "all other" rapidogen dyes.

Includes navy blue.

Colour Index number.

Toners and Lakes

As the terms are used in this report, toners and lakes are synthetic organic pigments. Statistics on production and sales of all toners and lakes are given in table 15A. Statistics on the commercial forms (dry, flushed, pulp, and dispersed) of a few selected pigments are given in table 16. Wherever possible, individual toners and lakes are identified by their Colour Index or prototype number, by the Colour Index or prototype number of the dye from which they may be made, or by abbreviations indicating the intermediates used in their manufacture.

Synthetic organic pigments are used in paints and related products, in printing inks, and in plastics and resin materials. Toners are full-strength pigments; reduced toners and lakes are extended or diluted colors.

The total output of full-strength toners, reduced toners, and lakes in 1957--37.8 million pounds--was smaller than that in any year since 1949. Compared with the 1956 output of 41.0 million pounds, production in 1957 declined 7.9 percent--the same percentage decline that took place between 1955 and 1956. Total sales of toners, reduced toners, and lakes likewise declined in 1957, although the decline in the value of sales was relatively small. In

TABLE 15A.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of toners and lakes, 1957 [Listed below are all toners and lakes for which any reported data on production or sales may be published. Table 158 in part III lists all toners and lakes for which data on production or sales were reported and identifies the manufacturer of each]

See also table 15B, part III, which lists these products alphabetically and identifies the manufacturers.