TABLE 14.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of azoic dyes and their components, 1957

1 Calculated on rounded figures.

2 Totals shown represent all azoic dyes and their components. Totals shown in tables 8A and 13 represent ungrouped dyes and their components only.

Includes rapid fast dyes, fur dyes, and "all other" rapidogen dyes.

Includes navy blue.

5 Colour Index number.

Toners and Lakes

As the terms are used in this report, toners and lakes are synthetic organic pigments. Statistics on production and sales of all toners and lakes are given in table 15A.' Statistics on the commercial forms (dry, flushed, pulp, and dispersed) of a few selected pigments are given in table 16. Wherever possible, individual toners and lakes are identified by their Colour Index or prototype number, by the Colour Index or prototype number of the dye from which they may be made, or by abbreviations indicating the intermediates used in their manufacture.

Synthetic organic pigments are used in paints and related products, in printing inks, and in plastics and resin materials. Toners are full-strength pigments; reduced toners and lakes are extended or diluted colors.

The total output of full-strength toners, reduced toners, and lakes in 1957--37.8 million pounds--was smaller than that in any year since 1949. Compared with the 1956 output of 41.0 million pounds, production in 1957 declined 7.9 percent--the same percentage decline that took place between 1955 and 1956. Total sales of toners, reduced toners, and lakes likewise declined in 1957, although the decline in the value of sales was relatively small. In

TABLE 15A.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of toners and lakes, 1957 [Listed below are all toners and lakes for which any reported data on production or sales may be published. Table 158 in part III lists all toners and lakes for which data on production or sales were reported and identifies the manufacturer of each]

See also table 15B, part III, which lists these products alphabetically and identifies the manufacturers.

TABLE 15A.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of toners and lakes. 1957--Continued

TABLE 15A.--Synthetic organic chemicals: United States production and sales of toners and lakes, 1957--Continued

3 Includes all black reduced toners and unspecified violet and yellow reduced toners. 4 Includes unspecified black and orange lakes.

Note.--The C.I. (Colour Index) and Pr. (prototype) numbers shown in this report are the identifying numbers given, respectively, in the 1st edition of the Colour Index and in the prototype list of the Technical Manual and Yearbook of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Parentheses around a C.I. or Pr. number indicate that it is the number of the dye from which the specified toner or lake was produced. Then the C.I. or Pr. number is not enclosed in parentheses, the named toner itself is listed in the Index or Manual.

The abbreviations PMA and PTA stand for phosphomolybdic and phosphotungstic acids, respectively. Pigments formerly listed as PTMA (phosphotungstomolybdic acid) are now included with PTA colors. Intermediates used in the manufacture of certain colors are abbreviated as follows:

1957, sales amounted to 29.6 million pounds, valued at 56.9 million dollars, compared with 33.1 million pounds, valued at 57.8 million dollars, in 1956--representing a decrease of 10.5 percent in quantity and 1.5 percent in value.

Production of full-strength toners in 1957 totaled 27.8 million pounds, or 2.7 percent less than the 28.5 million pounds reported for 1956. Sales of full-strength toners declined in quantity but increased in value. In 1957 sales amounted to 21.1 million pounds, valued at 47.1 million dollars, compared with 22.4 million pounds, valued at 45.7 million dollars, in 1956--decreasing 5.9 percent in quantity and increasing 3.0 percent in value. More than 50 percent of the 1957 output of full-strength toners consisted of red toners (15.2 million pounds). Individual toners produced in the largest quantities were lithol red R, 4.9 million pounds; benzidine yellow, 2.7 million pounds; toluidine red, 2.5 million pounds; phthalocyanine blue B, 2.4 million pounds; phthalocyanine green, 1.9 million pounds; and eosine, permanent red 2B, and red lake C, 1.3 million pounds each.

Production of reduced (extended) toners amounted to 5.5 million pounds in 1957, or 24.1 percent less than the 7.3 million pounds reported for 1956. Sales of reduced toners also declined, in both quantity and value. In 1957, sales amounted to 5.4 million pounds, valued at 6.8 million dollars, compared with 7.0 million pounds, valued at 8.8 million dollars, in 1956--representing a decline of 24.7 percent in quantity and 22.4 percent in value. Phthalocyanine blue B, the output of which was 836,000 pounds, was the reduced toner produced in the largest quantity in 1957.