EXHIBIT 115

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS IN METAL MINING-BLS REPORT NO. 11

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Washington 25, D. C., October 16, 1951.

MANPOWER REPORT NO. 111

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS IN METAL MINING

A shortage of workers in metal mines was one of the most critical manpower problems of World War II. The current mobilization program is creating a heavy demand for metals and the metal-mining industry is again threatened with a shortage of workers at a time when it must expand its work force.

This study estimates probable manpower requirements in the industry for the next several years and examines the main factors affecting those requirements: production goals, locations, and conditions of employment, occupational patterns, composition of the work force, hours and earnings, trends in employment, and output per man-hour.

Summary

Under preseni mobilization plans, an estimated 120,500 workers will be needed in the metal-mining industry by 1955. Employment in the industry averaged 104,800 in the first 6 months of 1951, with 83 percent of the workers employed in iron, copper, lead, and zinc mining, 10 percent in gold and silver, and the remaining 7 percent in mining other metals.

Most of the workers in metal mining are male. Many of them are in skilled and professional occupations requiring extensive training.

Average working hours in the first half of 1951 were 43.6 for all metal mining. Copper mining had the longest with 46.2 hours. Lead-zinc reported 43.1 hours, and iron 42.4 hours.

Since 1939, output of crude ore per man-hour in iron and copper mining has increased much more than output of recoverable metal. In lead-zinc mining, output per man-hour of both crude ore and recoverable metal has declined. Production per man-hour is much higher in open-pit than in underground mines. Manpower problems in the industry

As the mobilization program progresses, recruitment and retention of necessary workers in the metal-mining industry is expected to become increasingly difficult. The mining industry's experience during World War II indicates the seriousness of the problem. Early in the mobilization period in 1939-41, it became difficult to recruit new miners and to hold those already employed. Workers left mines for jobs with better working conditions and higher pay in other defense activities, such as shipyards and aircraft factories. In addition, many miners entered the Armed Forces. With the development of the war, the manpower supply became increasingly inadequate and employment officials were unable to satisfy requirements for mine workers.

As the situation became critical, appeals were made to miners in the form of personal letters from the War Production and Selective Service Directors requesting the miners to stay on their jobs. Direct recruiting campaigns for new miners were conducted in many parts of the country; wages were raised and working hours increased. Selective service deferments were authorized and attempts were made to keep workers in their jobs by requiring a certificate of separation to be obtained from the United States Employment Service. By the fall of 1942 the shortage of metals was affecting the production of vital military supplies. To alleviate this situation, in November 1942 the Army furloughed military personnel to work in the mines; 3,012 to copper mines, 883 to lead-zinc mines, and 358 to various mercury and ferroalloy mines. In August 1943 another 4,546 soldiers were given furloughs to work in metal mines; 3,168 went to copper mines, 1,136 to lead-zinc mines, and 242 to molybdenum mines. The average output of the released men was relatively low primarily because only about half of them had underground work experience. Moreover, many of them left the mines after a

Prepared in the Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics, Branch of Industry Studies, by Janeece K. Ford.