Special

covered by such body, by tarpaulins, or other suitable means, and if such motor vehicle has a tailboard or tailgate, it shall be closed and secured in place during such transportation: Provided, however, That the provisions of this paragraph need not apply to "pick-up and delivery" motor vehicles when such motor vehicles are used in no other transportation than in and about cities, towns, or villages. (b) Articles to be kept dry. care shall be taken in the loading of any motor vehicle with flammable solids or oxidizing materials which are likely to become hazardous to transport when wet, to keep them from being wetted during the loading process and to keep them dry during transit. Special care shall also be taken in the loading of any motor vehicle with flammable solids or oxidizing materials, which are likely to become more hazardous to transport by wetting, to keep them from being wetted during the loading process and to keep them dry during transit. Examples of such dangerous materials are charcoal screenings, ground, crushed, or pulverized charcoal, and lump charcoal.

(c) Lading ventilation, precautions against spontaneous combustion. Whenever a motor carrier has knowledge concerning the hazards of spontaneous combustion or heating of any article to be loaded on a motor vehicle, such article shall be so loaded as to afford sufficient ventilation of the load to provide reasonable assurance against fire from this cause; and in such a case the motor vehicle shall be unloaded as soon as practicable after reaching its destination. Charcoal screenings, or ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal, in bags, shall be so loaded that the bags are laid horizontally in the motor vehicle, and so piled that there will be spaces for effective air circulation, which spaces shall not be less than 4 inches wide; and air spaces shall be maintained between rows of bags. Bags shall not be piled closer than 6 inches from the top of any motor vehicle with a closed body.

(d) Loose or baled nitrate of soda bags. Loose or baled unwashed, empty

bags, having contained nitrate of soda, may be transported in truckload lots only in motor vehicles, and such motor vehicles must have closed or covered bodies lined with paper; such shipments are required to be loaded by the shipper and to be unloaded by the consignee.

(e) Staying or blocking of packages of matches. Special care shall be exercised in the loading of packages containing "strike-anywhere" matches to prevent the shifting or jamming of any such package during transit. To this end, the packages shall be compactly loaded with the strongest dimensions of each box or other container loaded lengthwise of the motor vehicle.

(1) Smooth vehicle interior for matches. Unless strike-anywhere matches are contained in wooden outside boxes, special care shall be taken to provide that the inside surfaces of any motor vehicle into which such matches are to be loaded and with which surfaces the containers might come in contact, shall be smooth, without protrusions of any sort, such as bolts, nuts, sharp edges, or corners, etc., and there shall be provided for this purpose smooth wooden inner linings, if the interior of the motor vehicle is not otherwise smooth in accordance with this requirement.

(2) Matches not loaded next to red label articles. Matches of whatever character shall not be loaded next to packages protected by the red caution label.

(f) Nitrates, except ammonium nitrate having organic coating, listed in § 73.182 (b) must be loaded in closed or open type motor vehicles, which must be swept clean and be free of any projections capable of injuring bags when so packaged. When shipped in open type motor vehicles, the lading must be suitably covered. Ammonium nitrate having organic coating must not be loaded in all-metal vehicles, other than those made of aluminum or aluminum alloys, of the closed type. (See § 77.823 (a) (4) and (5).)

(g) Smokeless powder for small arms in quantities not exceeding 100 pounds net weight in one motor vehicle shall

be classed as a flammable solid for purposes of transportation when approved for such classification by the Bureau of Explosives. Maximum quantity in any inside container must not exceed eight pounds and inside containers must be arranged and protected so as to prevent simultaneous ignition of the contents. The complete package must be a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives. Each outside shipping container shall be labeled as prescribed in § 73.402 (a) (2) of this chapter.

[15 F.R. 8366, Dec. 2, 1950, as amended by Order 26, 21 F.R. 4434, June 23, 1956; Order 34, 23 F.R. 2329, Apr. 10, 1958; Order 61, 28 F.R. 14512, Dec. 31, 1963]

§ 77.839 Corrosive liquids.

(See also § 77.834 (a) to (k).)

(a) Nitric acid. In addition to the requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section no carboy or other container of nitric acid shall be loaded above any container containing any other kind of material. The loading of carboys or other containers of nitric acid shall be limited to two tiers high.

(b) Carboys and frangible containers. In general, individual carboys and frangible containers of acids or other corrosive liquids, including charged electric storage batteries, shall, when loaded by hand, be individually loaded into and unloaded from any motor vehicle in which they are to be, or have been, transported. All reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent, by all practicable means, the dropping of any such containers or batteries containing corrosive liquids. No such container or battery shall be loaded into a motor vehicle having an uneven floor surface. It shall be permissible to load on or transport in any motor vehicle any authorized carboys or frangible shipping containers, containing acids or other corrosive liquids, more than one tier high above any floor only if such carboys or other containers are boxed or crated, or are in barrels or kegs, as required by Parts 71-78 of this chapter, and only if such containers are so stacked that the weight of each tier above the first is entirely supported by

the boxes, crates, barrels, kegs, or other authorized means of enclosing the carboys or frangible containers. Only so many tiers as may adequately be so supported without danger of crushing or breaking, shall be permitted. Means shall be provided to prevent by all practicable means, in all cases, the shifting of containers or batteries during transit. Nothing contained in this section shall be so construed as to prevent the use of cleats or other retaining means for the purpose of preventing shifting of containers or batteries. For the purposes of this section a false floor or platform, secured against relative motion within the body of the motor vehicle, shall be deemed to be a floor. (For recommendations for handling leaking or broken packages, see § 77.858 (a).)

(c) Storage batteries. In addition to the requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, all storage batteries containing any electrolyte shall be so loaded, if loaded with other lading, that all such batteries will be protected against other lading falling onto or against them; and adequate means shall be provided in all cases for the protection and insulation of battery terminals against short circuits. [15 F.R. 8366, Dec. 2, 1950]

§ 77.840 Compressed gases. (See also § 77.834 (a) to (k.)

(a) Floors or platforms essentially flat. Cylinders containing compressed gases shall not be loaded onto any part of the floor or platform of any motor vehicle which is not essentially flat; cylinders containing compressed gases may be loaded onto any motor vehicle not having a floor or platform only if such motor vehicle be equipped with suitable racks having adequate means for securing such cylinders in place therein. Nothing contained in this section shall be so construed as to prohibit the loading of such cylinders on any motor vehicle having a floor or platform and racks as hereinbefore described.

(1) Cylinders. Cylinders containing compressed gases shall be securely lashed in an upright position so as to prevent

their overturning; or loaded into racks securely attached to the motor vehicle; or packed in boxes or crates of such dimensions as to prevent their overturning; or loaded in a horizontal position. Spec. ICC-4L cylinders must be loaded in an upright position and be securely braced.

(b) Portable tank containers containing compressed gases shall be loaded on motor vehicles only as follows:

(1) Onto a flat floor or platform of a motor vehicle.

(2) Onto a suitable frame of a motor vehicle.

(3) In either such case, such containers shall be safely and securely blocked or held down to prevent movement relative to each other or to the supporting structure when in transit, particularly during sudden starts and stops and changes of direction of the vehicle.

(4) Requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph shall not be construed as prohibiting stacking of containers, provided the provisions of subparagraph (3) of this paragraph are fully complied with.

(c) Tanks complying with ICC-106A or ICC-110A (§§ 78.275, 78.276, 78.278, 78.293 or § 78.295 of this chapter) specifications used for the transportation of compressed gases and flammable liquids as authorized in §§ 73.314(a) Note 12, 73.134(a) (2), and 73.148(a) (4) of this chapter may be transported in a combination of vehicles as follows: (1) in or on a truck and in or on one semitrailer or one full trailer attached thereto, with no other trailer included in the combination, (2) in or on a semitrailer attached to a truck-tractor and in or on a full trailer attached thereto, with not more than one semitrailer and one full trailer in the combination, provided adequate facilities are present for handling tanks where transfer in transit is necessary. Tanks must be securely chocked or clamped thereon to prevent shifting. As used herein a full trailer includes a semitrailer equipped with a front axle dolly. Each full trailer used in any of the above combinations, in or on any vehicle of which combination

any such tank is transported, must have a wheel base of at least 184 inches. See § 74.560 of this chapter for rail freightmotor vehicle shipments.

(d) Engine to be stopped in tank motor vehicles, except for transfer pump. No flammable compressed gas shall be loaded into or on or unloaded from any tank motor vehicle with the engine running unless the engine is used for the operation of the transfer pump of the vehicle. Unless the delivery hose is equipped with a shut-off valve at its discharge end, the engine of the motor vehicle shall be stopped at the finish of such loading or unloading operation while the filling or discharge connections are disconnected.

(e) Chlorine cargo tanks shall be shipped only when equipped (1) with a gas mask of a type approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for chlorine service; (2) with an emergency kit for controlling leaks in fittings on the dome cover plate.

(f) No chlorine tank motor vehicle used for transportation of chlorine shall be moved, coupled or uncoupled, when any loading or unloading connections are attached to the vehicle, nor shall any semi-trailer or trailer be left without the power unit unless such semitrailer or trailer be checked or equivalent means be provided to prevent motion.

[15 F.R. 8366, Dec. 2, 1950, as amended by Order 20, 20 F.R. 8106, Oct. 28, 1955; Order 27, 21 F.R. 7604, Oct. 4, 1956; Order 53, 26 F.R. 12704, Dec. 29, 1951; Order 55, 27 F.R. 6740, July 17, 1962]

§ 77.841 Poisons.

(See also § 77.834 (a) to (k).)

(a) Arsenical compounds in bulk. Care shall be exercised in the loading and unloading of "arsenical dust", "arsenic trioxide", and "sodium arsenate", allowable to be loaded into siftproof, steel hopper-type or dump-type motor-vehicle bodies equipped with water-proof, dust-proof covers well secured in place on all openings, to accomplish such loading with the minimum spread of such compounds into the atmosphere by all means that are prac

ticable; and no such loading or unloading shall be done near or adjacent to any place where there are or are likely to be, during the loading or unloading process assemblages of persons other than those engaged in the loading or unloading process, or upon any public highway or in any public place.

(b) No class A or class C poisons in cargo tanks. No dangerous poison, class A, or any tear gas or irritating substance, class C, may be loaded into or transported in any cargo tank.

(c) Class A or class C poisons. It shall not be permissible to transport class A or class C poisons if there be any interconnecting means of any character between the containers.

NOTE 1: Tanks complying with ICC-106A (§ 78.275 or 78.276 of this chapter) specification containing nitrogen dioxide, liquid, nitrogen peroxide, liquid, nitrogen tetroxide, liquid, phosgene, nitrogen tetroxide-nitric oxide mixtures containing up to 33.2 percent weight nitric oxide, or class B poisonous liquids specified in § 73.353 (a) of this chapter may be transported in or on motor vehicles and in the manner authorized in § 77.840 (c), provided adequate facilities are present for handling tanks where transfer in transit is necessary. Tanks must be securely chocked or clamped thereon to prevent shifting.

(d) Radioactive material. A container of radioactive material, red label, must not be placed in vehicles, terminals, or other places closer than 3 feet to an area which may be continuously occupied by passengers, employees, or shipments of animals. When more than one such container is present, the distance from occupied areas must be computed from the table in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph by adding the number of units shown on labels on the containers.

(1) A container of radioactive material, red label, must not be placed closer than 15 feet to any package containing undeveloped film. If more than one such container is present the distance must be computed from the table in this subparagraph by adding the number of units shown on the labels on the packages.

NOTE 1. The distance in the table must be measured from the nearest point of the radioactive container or containers.

NOTE 2. 1 unit equals 1 milliroentgen per hour at 1 meter for hard gamma radiation or the amount of radiation which has the same effect on film as 1 mrhm. of hard gamma rays of radium filtered by 1⁄2 inch of lead.

(2) Not more than 40 units of radioactive material, red label, shall be transported in any vehicle or stored in any location at one time. Packages must be so blocked or braced in vehicles as to prevent any shift of lading under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(3) All containers of radioactive material, red label, must be carried by the handles when handles are provided.

(4) Radioactive materials (class D poisons) must not be loaded in the same vehicle with Class A explosives.

(5) If for any reason, a package containing radioactive materials, red label, would otherwise remain in the same building for a period longer than 24 hours, it must be moved to a different location after each 24 hours.

NOTE 1: The requirements of this paragraph shall not apply to magnesium-thorium alloy materials or uranium, normal or depleted, described in § 73.392 (e) and (f) of this chapter. The location of bundles, boxes, barrels, or crates of such material from packages of undeveloped film must be as stated on the label (see § 73.414(d) of this chapter).

[15 F.R. 8367, Dec. 2, 1950, as amended by Order 3, 16 F.R. 11781, Nov. 21, 1951; Order 11, 18 F.R. 5274, Sept. 1, 1953; Order 53, 26 F.R. 12705, Dec. 29, 1961; Order 55, 27 F.R. 6740, July 17, 1962; Order 60, 28 F.R. 14508, Dec. 31, 1963]