instrumental, not too refined for the general ear; for all which only a shilling is paid; and, though last, not least, good eating and drinking for those who choose to purchase that regale. Mr. Thomas Tyers was bred to the law; but having a handsome fortune, vivacity of temper, and eccentricity of mind, he could not confine himself to the regularity of practice. He therefore ran about the world with a pleasant carelessness, amusing every body by his desultory conversation. He abounded in anecdote, but was not sufficiently attentive to accuracy. I therefore cannot venture to avail myself much of a biographical sketch of Johnson which he published, being one among the various persons ambitious of appending their names to that of my illustrious friend. That sketch is, however, an entertaining little collection of fragments. Those which he published of Pope and Addison are of higher merit; but his fame must rest chiefly upon his "Political Conferences," in which he introduces several eminent persons delivering their sentiments in the way of dialogue, and discovers a considerable share of learning, various knowledge, and discernment of character. This much may I be allowed to say of a man who was exceedingly obliging to me, and who lived with Dr. Johnson in as easy a manner as almost any of his very numerous acquaintance.

SON.

Mr. Edwards had said to me aside, that Dr. Johnson should have been of a profession. I repeated the remark to Johnson, that I might have his own thoughts on the subject. JOHN"Sir, it would have been better that I had been of a profession. I ought to have been a lawyer." BOSWELL. "I do not think, Sir, it would have been better, for we should not have had the English Dictionary." JOHNSON. 66 'But you would have had reports." BoswELL. "Ay; but there would not have been another who could have written the Dictionary. There have been many very good judges. Suppose you had been lord chancellor; you would have delivered opinions with more extent of mind, and in a more ornamented manner, than per

haps any chancellor ever did, or ever will do. But, I believe, causes have been as judiciously decided as you could have done." JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir. Property has been as well settled." Johnson, however, had a noble ambition floating in his mind, and had, undoubtedly, often speculated on the possibility of his supereminent powers being rewarded in this great and liberal country by the highest honours of the state. Sir William Scott informs me, that upon the death of the late Lord Lichfield, who was chancellor of the University of Oxford, he said to Johnson, "What a pity it is, Sir, that you did not follow the profession of the law! You might have been lord chancellor of Great Britain, and attained to the dignity of the peerage; and now that the title of Lichfield, your native city, is extinct, you might have had it." Johnson, upon this, seemed much agitated: and, in an angry tone, exclaimed, “Why will you vex me by suggesting this, when it is too late?"

But he did not repine at the prosperity of others. The late Dr. Thomas Leland told Mr. Courtenay, that when Mr. Edmund Burke showed Johnson his fine house and lands near Beaconsfield, Johnson coolly said, "Non equi dem invideo; miror magis.”

Yet no man had a higher notion of the dig nity of literature than Johnson, or was more determined in maintaining the respect which he justly considered as due to it. Of this, besides the general tenor of his conduct in society, some characteristical instances may be mentioned.

He told Sir Joshua Reynolds, that once when he dined in a numerous company of booksellers, where the room, being small, the head of the table, at which he sat, was almost close to the fire, he persevered in suffering a great deal of inconvenience from the heat, rather than quit his place, and let one of them sit above him.

Goldsmith, in his diverting simplicity, com plained one day, in a mixed company, of Lord Camden. "I met him," said he, "at Lord

1 In summer, 1792, additional and more expensive decorations having been introduced, the price of admission was raised to two shillings. I cannot approve of this. The company may be more select, but a number of the honest commonalty are, I fear, excluded from sharing in elegant and innocent entertainments. An attempt to abolish the oneshilling gallery at the playhouse has been very properly counteracted. -BosWELL. The admission was subsequently raised to four shillings, without improving either the class of company, or the profits of the proprietors. C. 1830, 1831. It has been long closed, and is only occasionally used for letting off a balloon or some such exhibition,- Choker, 1847.

2 "That accurate judge of human life, Dr. Johnson, has often been heard by me to observe, that it was the greatest misfortune which could befall a man to have been bred to no profession, and pathetically to regret that this misfortune was his own."-More's Practical Piety, p. 313. MARKLAND.

3 This Lord Lichfield died in 1772, but was succeeded by his uncle, and the title was not extinct till 1776. —— Croker, 1847.

4 I am not entirely without suspicion that Johnson may have felt a little momentary envy; for no man loved the good things of this life better than he did; and he could not but be conscious that he deserved a much larger share of them than he ever had. I attempted in a newspaper to comment

on the above passage in the manner of Warburton, wherust be allowed to have shown uncommon ingenuity, in giving to any author's text whatever meaning he chose it should carry. As this imitation may amuse my readers, I shall here introduce it:

"No saying of DR. JOHNSON's has been more misunderstood than his applying to MR. BURKE, when he first saw him at his fine place at Beaconsfield, Non equidem ine deo z miror magis. These two celebrated men had been freds for many years before Mr. Burke entered on his parlamentary career. They were both writers, both members of THE LITERARY CLUB; when, therefore. Dr. Johnson saw Mr. Burke in a situation so much more splendid thần that te which he himself had attained, he did not mean to express that he thou. ht it a disproportionate prosperity; but while he, as a philosopher, asserted an exemption from envy, cquidem invideo, he went on in the words of the poet, miror magis; thereby signifying, either that he was occupied in admiring what he was glad to see, or, perhaps, that, con sidering the general lot of men of superior abilities, be wondered that Fortune, who is represented as blind, sh wild, in this instance, have been so just."- BOSWELL. All this very foolish; the quotation, if really made, was ir terins, and no doubt in meaning, the very reverse of invisions. But as to Johnson's envy, see antè, p. 133. n. 4. — CROKER.

friend.

Clare's house in the country, and he took no more notice of me than if I had been an ordinary man." The company having laughed heartily, Johnson stood forth in defence of his Nay, gentlemen," said he, "Dr. Goldsmith is in the right. A nobleman ought to have made up to such a man as Goldsmith; and I think it is much against Lord Camden that he neglected him."

Nor could he patiently endure to hear, that such respect as he thought due only to higher intellectual qualities should be bestowed on men of slighter, though perhaps more amusing, talents. I told him, that one morning, when I went to breakfast with Garrick, who was very vain of his intimacy with Lord Camden, he accosted me thus: "Pray now, did you did you meet a little lawyer turning the corner, eh?" "No, Sir," said I; "pray what do you mean by the question?" Why," replied Garrick, with an affected indifference, yet as if standing on tip-toe, "Lord Camden has this moment left me. We have had a long walk together." JOHNSON. "Well, Sir, Garrick talked very properly. Lord Camden was a little lawyer to be associating so familiarly with a player."

Sir Joshua Reynolds observed, with great truth, that Johnson considered Garrick to be as it were his property. He would allow no man either to blame or to praise Garrick in his presence, without contradicting him. 2

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Having fallen into a very serious frame of mind, in which mutual expressions of kindness passed between us, such as would be thought too vain in me to repeat, I talked with regret of the sad inevitable certainty that one of us must survive the other. JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir, that is an affecting consideration. I remember Swift, in one of his letters to Pope, says, 'I intend to come over, that we may meet once more; and when we must part, it is what happens to all human beings.' BOSWELL. "The hope that we shall see our departed friends again must support the mind.” JOHNSON. "Why, yes, Sir."3 BOSWELL. "There is a strange unwillingness to part with life, independent of serious fears as to futurity. A reverend friend of ours [Dr. Percy] tells me, that he feels an uneasiness at the thoughts of leaving his house, his study, his books." JOHNSON "This is foolish in [Percy]. A man need not be uneasy on these grounds: for, as he will retain his consciousness, he may

1 See ante, p. 222. n. 5.-C.

2 Sir Joshua Reynolds wrote, or, perhaps, I should rather say compiled, two Dialogues, in illustration of this position, in the first of which Johnson attacks Garrick in opposition to Sir Joshua, and in the other defends him against Gibbon. They are so tame an imitation that Mr. Chaliners did not believe them to have been Sir Joshua's - but Sir George Beaumont assured me that he had received a copy of them from Sir Joshua himself, and that they were composed of recollected scraps of Johnson's conversation. The Dialogues are printed in Miss Hawkins's Memoirs and in my former editions, but are hardly worth the space they would occupy in this volume.-CROKER.

3 See on the same subject, p. 233. — MALONE. 4 "I carry my all with me."

C.

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say with the philosopher+, Omnia mea mecum porto." BOSWELL. True, Sir: we may carry our books in our heads; but still there is something painful in the thought of leaving for ever what has given us pleasure. I remember, many years ago, when my imagination was warm, and I happened to be in a melancholy mood, it distressed me to think of going into a state of being in which Shakspeare's poetry did not exist. A lady, whom I then much admired, a very amiable woman, humoured my fancy, and relieved me by saying, 'The first thing you will meet with in the other world will be an elegant copy of Shakspeare's works presented to you.'" Dr. Johnson smiled benignantly at this, and did not appear to disapprove of the notion.

We went to St. Clement's church again in the afternoon, and then returned and drank tea and coffee in Mrs. Williams's room; Mrs. Desmoulins doing the honours of the tea-table. I observed that he would not even look at a proof-sheet of his "Life of Waller" on GoodFriday.

Mr. Allen, the printer, brought a book on agriculture, which was printed, and was soon to be published. 6 It was a very strange performance, the author having mixed in it his own thoughts upon various topics, along with his remarks on ploughing, sowing, and other farming operations. He seemed to be an absurd profane fellow, and had introduced in his books many sneers at religion, with equal ignorance and conceit. Dr. Johnson permitted me to read some passages aloud. One was that he resolved to work on Sunday, and did work, but he owned he felt some weak compunction; and he had this very curious reflection: "I was born in the wilds of Christianity, and the briars and thorns still hang about me.' Dr. Johnson could not help laughing at this ridiculous image, yet was very angry at the fellow's impiety. However," said he, "the reviewers will make him hang himself." He however observed, "that formerly there might have been a dispensation obtained for working on Sunday in the time of harvest."7 Indeed, in ritual observances, were all the ministers of religion what they should be, and what many of them are, such a power might be wisely and safely lodged with the church.

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On Saturday, 18th April, I drank tea with him. He praised the late Mr. Duncombe, of Canterbury, as a pleasing man. "He used to

5 Dr. Johnson might well smile at such a distress of mind, and at the argument by which it was relieved. - CROKER. 6 This was Marshall's Minutes of Agriculture. The author lived to publish many more important and less offensive works on this subject. CHALMERS.

7 In the Injunctions of Queen Elizabeth [following those of Edward VI. for the observance of Sunday, there was one exception viz. for labour in time of harvest, after divine service; but which was not provided for in the act 29 Car. 2. c. 7. MARKLAND.

8 William Duncombe, Esq. He married the sister of John Hughes, the poet; was the author of two tragedies, and other ingenious productions; and died 26th Feb. 1769, aged 79. — MALONE.