transactions; which would naturally have occupied the best part of a day perhaps, but shall pass off very well this way in the best part of an hour, and no hurrying. Add to which, the question is not here so much of enjoyment, or of fatigue or improvement, as of other constituents towards which we are gradually proceeding: the next sort to be mentioned being,

2, That of sensitive properties, chiefly known by the term sense or sensation; but comprehending rather more than is usually understood in that term through its intimate relation with each of the three principal kinds of properties, material, spiritual, and intellectual, above mentioned, e. g., 1, sense will have its foundation in the material kind, as being derived entirely from material objects through the several appropriate organs or mediums of the eye, the hand, the ear, the nose and the palate by the property of motion or commotion, i. e., vibration: 2, it will have its effect in the spiritual department by the properties of pleasure and pain: 3, it will terminate and find its consummation in the intellectual department through the several modes of perception; seeing, feeling, hearing, smelling and tasting, which are assigned by nature to the material organs or mediums aforesaid.

There may be also a kind of reflected sensation, when the object of feeling is identified with its subject and grows to consciousness: and the importance of such sensation appears in its being the very point at which the spiritual and intellectual boundaries meet. Wherefore the greater consciousness any creature shall enjoy of his own being, i. e., the more perfect and retrospective, the higher it will rank in the order of intellectuals, whether good or evil. And yet it were a wretched hap, to be so exalted only for a greater depth of woe; so as to be able to tell one's Maker, in the plaintive style of the Psalmist, "Thou hast taken me up, and cast me down" (Ps. cii. 10).

From the tenour of these observations it will be evident, that properties of the sensitive kind do not afford much

room for observation at present, however important they may prove to the doctrine of the kingdom in a more advanced and consequently more accomplished stage of their existence. A more relevant topic for immediate notice occurs in two other species of the same spiritual kind of properties, being appetitive and aversive, or in substance, appetite and aversion, and answering to the two species of motion, to and from, or centripetal and centrifugal in relation to the subject before mentioned.

3, The appetitive sort of spiritual properties, or the general property of appetite, even in its simplest form, is one degree raised above sense, though bearing, as just observed, a resemblance to properties one degree lower, i. e., in the material class which has been considered. And indeed, if we examine the groundwork of this property or sort, we shall be naturally led again to remark, how the same property may differ in different subjects or combinations, and in different relations, or in relation to different objects, continuing all the while perhaps essentially the same in itself. Any one may have observed the figurative manner of naming spiritual subjects from material on account of some analogy existing or supposed to exist between them; by means of which one property may be improperly deduced from another with which it has no natural connexion; and therefore it would be very unphilosophical, to take up with an association from sound, adopting words and phrases for facts and affinities. But making every allowance for a chance of that sort, we cannot help owning and admiring frequently, how properties between which one would hardly suspect an affinity, on being sifted and compared will appear the same; and in this case especially as well as in others above mentioned. Who, e. g., would suspect an affinity, not to say identity, between the appetite of animals and their gravitation or that of minerals? Yet such a gravitation is appetite, and in its kind equally primitive, universal, and indispensable with the material property. Nay, what is more striking, the said property of appetite is only a part in that univer

sal dispensation known by the title of fate or necessity; by which the ruler of the universe always governs and has. governed all things, without excepting the freest, from the point of creation, and even creation itself.

By fate the constituents or reiterated acts and efforts, the combined services, we may call them, of the earth, all generally tend or gravitate towards its centre, i. e. towards themselves and each other; as the earth, being but an atom in the creation, also gravitates with other planets towards the sun, and that with numberless atoms of equal bulk perhaps, towards a common centre ordained by the Creator. But with all this common gravitation of bodies and spirits, there will still be found a distinct preference in every kind, as its specific gravity, affinity, or appetite: which in the animal department is variously denominated according to its sphere and objects, e. g. First in the lower branch or division of the spiritual department, i. e. in the body, and towards such objects as are necessary to its repletion; this gravitation is appetite in its original sense,› including two species, hunger and thirst. Also in the same department, but in a higher branch, as well as towards other objects and for other purposes, the same is called Love, but improperly so, when lust is implied, this being a distortion of the appetite, and not a necessary ingredient of love-any more than ravening is a necessary ingredient of hunger, or a sottish propensity of thirst. We shall find, as we proceed in a still higher branch of this same spiritual department, a different name and very different continually applied to the progeny of appetite; and the same again in other positions, the sort growing continually more positive and interesting, as it would be easy to prove, if it were desired but here it seems desirable rather to notice only. a few principal varieties of the property occurring at this point; such are, 1: 2, Hunger and Thirst; 3, Mood, Turn, Taste or Liking; 4, Following, Imitation, Assent, Com. pliance; 5, Curiosity; 6, Changeableness; 7, Promise; 8, Expectation; 9, Ardour, Zeal, Enthusiasm.

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-1: 2, The two lowest and most merely spiritual appetitive properties of Hunger and Thirst; though two kindly ingredients as any in the composition of the kingdom, and what some of its subjects would be glad to purchase, if they knew how, will imply, notwithstanding, a troublesome and too frequently a painful sensation, making them almost unfavourably characteristic; as do likewise others even of this appetitive class, to say nothing of the aversive, which is generally more unfavourable. One is puzzled indeed to assign an unquestionable position to every ingredient in so varied and equivocal a compound, greatly as such an assignment were to be wished: let us, however, keep to one line as distinctly as we can, proceeding from the lowest appetitive properties, hunger and thirst now mentioned, to the next above or beyond the same, v.g. to

-3, Turn, taste or liking; satisfaction, approbation, or preference: which, though nearly as much intellectual as spiritual, are however not so intellectual as some of the undermentioned. For the whole of the sort, and taste i. e. i.e. what may be called elective taste, especially, whether good or bad, will be founded on judgment as its rule or definition, standing it in the same stead as the mathematics to music, astronomy, &c. And though there may be judgment without taste, there can be no taste properly so called without judgment; nor good taste without good judgment either on the point to which it relates: as there may be a foundation without an edifice, but no edifice properly so called without a foundation. Taste is affection guided by judgment towards some good work, and following the varieties of the same: of course, therefore, taste itself must be sufficiently intellectual, if other properties of the same association are more so, and some of its correlatives much less; somewhat, perhaps, like

-4, Following: imitation, assenting, compliance, which taken abstractedly are more passive properties, and often more brutish than intellectual.

-5, But such is not the case with Curiosity: which,

however, though more intellectual than imitation, &c., still cannot be regarded as characteristic either way, any more than imitation and others preceding it; because the rank of curiosity must depend a good deal on time, place, and circumstances, and more particularly on its selection of objects. There may be a doubt with some respecting the classification of this property; as e. g. whether it belong more to the spiritual, or to the intellectual class: because it looks one while more like an appetite of the heart, another while more like an appetite of the understanding. But that is a mistaken idea, founded on the old prejudice of spiritual and intellectual localities: as if the complexion of any one property was not liable to be changed by others with which it might be casually associated.

If, however, the importance of a property would determine it to the intellectual class, this certainly should go thither. For among so great a variety of agents as figure in the moral department, there is not a greater nor more universal than curiosity: witness hereto the temptation of Eve, and its fabulous version in the story of Pandora, by whose fatal curiosity all the evils in the world are said to have been brought into it; or witness more agreeably the enterprising curiosity of travellers, by means of which a beneficial intercourse has been established between the most distant parts of the earth, and a way opened likewise for the progress of salvation, to justify in time the royal Psalmist's prediction, "All the ends of the world shall remember themselves, and be turned unto the Lord: and all the kindred of the nations shall worship before him” (Ps. xxii. 27). Yet, it is not the importance of a property, but its natural affinity that must decide its station in the heavenly kingdom: and hence the present cannot be better allotted, perhaps, than to the position it now occupies.

-6, Allied to curiosity is another appetitive property which has not found a name yet, though one of the commonest and not least important members of the heavenly