Child-labor Bill: Hearings Before the Committee on Labor, House of Representatives, Sixty-fourth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 8234, a Bill to Prevent Interstate Commerce in the Products of Child Labor, & for Other Purposes. January 10, 11, & 12, 1916

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281 ÆäÀÌÁö - We are now arrived at the inquiry, what is this power? It is the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. This power, like all others vested in congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the constitution.
267 ÆäÀÌÁö - Bureau shall investigate and report . . . upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people...
142 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... and declares only that the powers "not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people.
149 ÆäÀÌÁö - The liberty mentioned in that Amendment means not only the right of the citizen to be free from the mere physical restraint of his person, as by incarceration, but the term is deemed to embrace the right of the citizen to be free in the enjoyment of all his faculties; to be free to use them in all lawful ways; to live and work where he will; to earn his livelihood by any lawful calling; to pursue any livelihood or avocation, and for that purpose to enter into all contracts which may be proper, necessary,...
256 ÆäÀÌÁö - In discussing the subject of compulsory education, it may be well to quote the following congressional act to prevent interstate commerce in the products of child labor, and for other purposes: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.
279 ÆäÀÌÁö - The wisdom and the discretion of congress, their identity with the people, and the influence which their constituents possess at elections are in this, as in many other instances, — as that, for example, of declaring war, — the sole restraints on which they have relied to secure them from its abuse. They are the restraints on which the people must often rely solely in all representative governments.
166 ÆäÀÌÁö - No distinction is more popular to the common mind, or more clearly expressed in economic and political literature, than that between manufacture and commerce. Manufacture is transformation — the fashioning of raw materials into a change of form for use. The functions of commerce are different. The buying and selling and the transportation incidental thereto constitute commerce; and the regulation of commerce in the constitutional sense embraces the regulation at least of such transportation.
166 ÆäÀÌÁö - If it be held that the term includes the regulation of all such manufactures as are intended to be the subject of commercial transactions in the future, it is impossible to deny that it would also include all productive industries that contemplate the same thing. The result would be that Congress would be invested, to the exclusion of the States, with the power to regulate, not only manufactures, but also agriculture, horticulture, stock raising, domestic fisheries, mining — in short, every branch...
166 ÆäÀÌÁö - The result would be that Congress would be invested, to the exclusion of the States, with the power to regulate, not only manufactures, but also agriculture, horticulture, stock raising, domestic fisheries, mining — in short, every branch of human industry. For is there one of them that does not contemplate, more or less clearly, an interstate or foreign market?
148 ÆäÀÌÁö - Contracts to buy, sell, or exchange goods to be transported among the several states, the transportation and its instrumentalities, and articles bought, sold, or exchanged for the purposes of such transit among the states, or put in the way of transit, may be regulated; but this is because they form part of interstate trade or commerce.

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