Ben Williams Vase to R. O. Mills, Connecticut Mutual Life, San Francisco.

The subject of the twenty-second annual contest in 1915 was "Life Insurance - The Institution for Systematic Thrift." The Calef Cup was awarded to R. O. Mills, Connecticut Mutual Life, San Francisco, and the Ben Williams Vase to F. W. Boswell, Equitable Life of Iowa, Detroit.

CALIFORNIA INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1868-1916. The insurance department of California was organized in 1868. The title of the officer in charge is insurance commissioner; who is appointed by the Governor, and his term of office is for four years. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for list of former officials.]

J. E. Phelps is the present commissioner, appointed in 1914.

CALIFORNIA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sacramento, Cal. Organized 1910; capital, $500,000. Marshall Diggs, president; Fred W. Kiesel, first vice-president; J. R. Whisner, second vice-president and agency director; J. R. Kruse, secretary and treasurer; F. L. Bishop, assistant secretary; Harold H. Buckman, actuary; Dr. Thomas H. Cox, medical director.

CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Toronto, Canada. Organized 1847; capital, $1,000,000. H. C. Cox, president and general manger; C. R. Acres, secretary.

CAPITAL CITY SURETY COMPANY, Albany, N. Y. Organized 1912; capital, $100,000. John J. Ryan, president; Frank P. Dolan, secretary.

CAPITAL, INCREASE OF, IN 1915. In life insurance the following companies increased their capital: Grange Life, Lansing, Mich, $100,000 to $200,00; Northern Life, Seattle, Wash., $125,000 to $150,000; Southland Life, Dallas, Texas, $300,000 to $400,000. In casualty insurance the following companies increased their capital: California Casualty, $100,000 to $200,000; Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., $1,000,000 to $2,000,000; Massachusetts Accident, $50,000 to $150,000; New Amsterdam Casualty, $600,000 to $750,000; Travelers Insurance Company, $5,000,000 to $6,000,000.

The following life and casualty companies reduced their capital: Commonwealth Life, Omaha, Neb., $169,225 to $100,000; Georgia Home Life, $300,000 to $200,000; Pacific Coast Casualty, $300,000 to $200,000.

CAPITOL DISTRICT LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was organized in February, 1913, by life agents in that part of New York state of which Albany is the center. The officers elected were: President, Henry H. Kohn, Phoenix Mutual; vice-president, Edward B. Cantine, Home Life; second vice-president, William F.

Winship, Massachusetts Mutual; secretary, William B. Phelps, Travelers; treasurer, Seward V. Coffin, Provident Life and Trust. The present officers, elected in February, 1916, are: President, C. C. DeRouville, Penn Mutual; vice-president, E. B. Cantine; second vice-president, E. L. Post, Prudential; secretary, G. L. Buck, Provident Life and Trust; treasurer, E. L. Marsters, Connecticut General; executive committee, W. A. Baker, Jr., Massachusetts Mutual; J. W. Clark, Jr., Equitable; Pancoast Kidder, Mutual Life; Henry H. Kohn, Phoenix Mutual; Paul Lemme, John Hancock; A. B. Mallory, Connecticut Mutual; W. B. Phelps, Travelers.

CAPITOL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF COLORADO, THE, Denver, Col. Organized 1905; capital, $100,000. Thomas F. Daly, president; Patrick Crowe, secretary and treasurer; C. J. Daly, assistant secretary; John H. Upton, actuary and second assistant secretary.

CAROLINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Columbia, S. C. Organized in 1902 as Carolina Insurance and Casualty Company; reorganized 1912; capital, $75,000. P. H. Haltiwanger, president; A. B. Langley, vice-president and general manager; A. H. Kohn, secretary and treasurer; Ames Haltiwanger, assistant treasurer and auditor.

CASUALTY ACTUARIAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY. Organized in November, 1914. The purposes of the society are "The promotion of actuarial and statistical science as applied to problems of casualty insurance, by personal intercourse, the presentation and discussion of appropriate papers, the collection of a library on subjects pertaining to these problems, and such other methods as may be found desirable. For the purposes of this organization casualty insurance shall consist of lines of insurance covered by the miscellaneous annual statement uniform blank at present in use and approved by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners."

The membership is composed of Fellows and Associates, and the membership is limited to those who are in charge of the actuarial or statistical departments of casualty companies, or who have given special attention to or made a special study of statistics as related to casualty subjects.

Officers were elected as follows: President, Dr. I. M. Rubinow, chief statistician Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation; vicepresidents, B. D. Flynn, assistant secretary Travelers'; A. H. Mowbray, actuary Massachusetts Employee's Insurance Association; secretary and treasurer, C. E. Scattergood, assistant secretary Fidelity and Casualty; librarian-auditor, W. W. Greene, assistant actuary New York Workmen's Compensation Commission; council: J. D. Craig, assistant actuary Metropolitan Life; Robert K. Orr, manager State Accident Fund, Lansing, Mich.; F. L. Hoffman, statistician Prudential; Albert H. Whitney, manager Workmen's Compensation Service Bureau. The above officers were re-elected at the annual meeting in November, 1915. The spring meeting of the society was held in Hartford, May 26 and 27, 1916. President Rubinow presided

and in his address discussed "social insurance" taking for his subject "The Relation Between Private and Social Insurance," and urged the members to devote some of their time and study to the subject, which would be of greater importance in the not distant future. The president said social insurance was too often confused with state insurance, which it was not necessarily, and in conclusion he pointed out that "the principle of service must rise above the old principle of private gain, and the people may be trusted to retain the old forms of organization or create such new ones as will best conform to this conception of service and at the smallest cost." The questions were to be settled by experiment rather than argument and in any case the actuary could afford to be neutral, as whatever the form of organization ultimately determined upon the services of the trained actuary will be required.

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Papers read at the annual meeting were discussed, and papers also were read as follows: "Valuation of Pension Funds with Special Reference to the Work of the New York City Pension Commission," George A. Buck, actuary, New York City Commission on Pensions; "Wilson Schedule of Coal Mines in Pennsylvania," E. H. Downey, Special Deputy Insurance Commissioner of Pennsylvania; Note on an Outline of a Method in Obtaining Basic Pure Premiums," Arne Fisher, Equitable Life of New York; Some Distinctive Features of Steam Boiler Underwriting and their Bearing upon the Formulating of Premium Rates," F. M. Fitch, Hartford Steam Boiler; "The Valuation of Workmen's Compensation Claims," Richard Fondiller, New York State Industrial Commission; "A Study of Workmen's Compensation Schedule Wand the Problems Incident Thereto," E. S. Goodwin, statistician, Travelers; "Should the Compensation Premium Reflect the Experience of the Individual Risk?" W. W. Greene, actuary, Colorado State Industrial Commission; "Comments Concerning a Few Events which have Transpired Since the Presentation of Dr. Downey's Paper on the Classification of Industries for Workmen's Compensation Insurance," W. N. Magoun, general manager, Pennsylvania Compensation Rating and Inspection Bureau; "The Experience Rating of Workmen's Compensation Risks," Joseph H. Woodward, actuary, New York State Industrial Commission; On the Relation of Accident Frequency to Business Activity," A. H. Mowbray, secretary and actuary, and D. S. Beyer, manager of accident prevention department of the Massachusetts Employees Insurance Association, and S. B. Black, statistician, American Mutual Liability.

CASUALTY AND SURETY CLUB of New York, was organized at a meeting of the casualty and surety underwriters of New York City held in December, 1908, for social purposes under the title Casualty and Surety Social Club. Officers were elected as follows: President, Edmund Dwight, Employers' Liability; vice-presidents, Edson S. Lott, United States Casualty, and David W. Armstrong, Jr., National Surety; secretary, William J. Gardner, Etna Life; treasurer, Edward L. Hearn, Casualty Company of America. The present name was adopted in 1914. The present officers elected at the annual meeting in December, 1915, are: President, Norman R. Moray, Hartford Acci

dent and Indemnity; vice-president, A. Duncan Reid, Globe Indemnity: second vice-president, Chauncey S. S. Miller, United States Casualty; secretary, Frank R. Woodbury, Pacific Mutual; treasurer, Thomas H. Darling, Great Eastern Casualty; executive committee, C. E. W. Chambers, Lloyds Plate Glass; R. H. Towner, Towner Rating Bureau; William M. Tomlins, American Surety; R. H. Folsom, European Accident; and the officers.

CASUALTY AND SURETY UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF OKLAHOMA, Oklahoma City, Okla. The present officers, elected in January, 1916, are: President, Gus A. Elbow, Maryland Casualty; vice-president, M. L. Bragdon, Massachusetts Bonding; secretary, S. D. Mills; treasurer, H. S. Clark, Royal Indemnity.

CASUALTY COMPANY OF AMERICA, New York, N. Y. Organized in 1903. Capital, $750,000. Edward L. Hearn, president; Fred B. Lloyd, vice-president; Thomas L. Miller, secretary and treasurer; Miles Walsh, assistant treasurer; F. E. Greener, assistant secretary; L. J. Cummings, superintendent auditing department; Lyman A. Spalding, general counsel; directors, G. Frederick Brooks, M.D., New York City; John J. Dillon, New York City; Michael J. Donovan, New York City; Daniel J. Driscoll, Reading, Pa.; Robert J. Dunkle, Boston, Mass.; Daniel M. Edwards, Syracuse, N. Y.; Hon. Louis W. Emerson, Warrensburg, N. Y.; Hon. James W. Fleming, Troy, N. Y.; Thomas H. Guy, Troy, N. Y.; Hon. Ernest Hall, New York City; Edward L. Hearn, New York City; Frank E. Howe, Troy, N. Y.; John S. Jenkins, New York City; Carl W. Jungen, New York City; Fred B. Lloyd, New York City; Ambrose F. McCabe, New York City; George Mercer, New York City; Thomas L. Miller, San Francisco, Cal.; James G. Newcomb, New York City; John F. O'Rourke, New York City; Robert W. Parsons, New York City; Francis Peabody, Jr., Boston, Mass.; Hon. Albert H. Ray, Ashland, Mass.; Henry E. Russell, Boston, Mass.; R. P. Schwerin, San Francisco, Cal.; Clifford S. Sims, Albany, N. Y.; Lyman A. Spalding, New York City; Willis G. Townes, New York City; George F. Underwood, New York City.

Operates in all states except Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming. The company writes the following lines: Fidelity, Surety, Contract and Court Bonds; Manufacturers' and Contractors' Liability; Landlords' and General Liability; Marine Employers' and Public Liability; Elevator Liability; Teams Liability and Property Damage; Automobile Liability and Property Damage; Owners' Protective Liability: Workmen's Compensation; Personal Accident, Health and Disability; Industrial Accident and Health; Plate Glass; and Burglary.

CASUALTY CONFERENCE ASSOCIATION OF GREATER KANSAS CITY. The association was organized in 1916 by managers of companies writing industrial health and accident insurance in Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kan. The officers elected are: Presi

dent, Robert Boyd, Fidelity Health and Accident; vice-president, J. R. Plaster, Continental Casualty; secretary, C. W. Trenary, Southern Surety; treasurer, G. A. Walsh, Massachusetts Bonding.

CASUALTY INSURANCE ADJUSTERS ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA. The present officers, elected in January, 1916, are: President, R. P. Wisecarver, London and Lancashire Indemnity; vice-president, A. W. Sisk, New Amsterdam Casualty; secretary and treasurer, C. S. Pearson.

CASUALTY INSURANCE. [See Accident Insurance.]

CASUALTY INSURANCE EXCHANGE, New York, N. Y. The present officers, elected in November, 1915, are: Chairman, Theodore E. Gaty, Fidelity and Casualty; vice-chairman, Dr. R. S. Keelor, United States Casualty; secretary and treasurer, C. A. Timewell, Standard Accident; executive committee, Edmund Dwight, Employers' Liability; A. Duncan Reid, Globe Indemnity; Charles H. Holland, Royal Indemnity; H. B. Johnston, Travelers; and the officers.

CASUALTY UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA. The present officers elected in July, 1915, are: President, A. L. Johnston, Royal Indemnity; vice-president, D. E. Kessler, Employers' Liability; secretary and treasurer, Frank J. Wallace, United States Fidelity and Guaranty.

UNDERWRITERS

ASSOCIATION

CASUALTY OF CHICAGO was organized in 1911, and the officers elected were: President, George A. Gilbert, Employers' Liability; vice-president, George Tramel, Etna Life; secretary-treasurer, J. T. Wagner, Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland. The present officers, elected in March, 1916, are: President, John A. Morrison, Massachusetts Bonding; vice-president, George F. Coar, Globe Indemnity; secretary and treasurer, Ben F. Webb, Fidelity and Casualty; executive committee, George D. Webb, George A. Gilbert, Employers' Liability; Wade Fetzer, Fidelity and Casualty; C. H. Eldridge, United States Casualty; Donald M. Wood.

CASUALTY UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF CLEVELAND, Cleveland, Ohio. (Formerly the Casualty Underwriters Club.) The present officers, elected in 1916, are: President, Fred P. Ayer; secretary, L. L. Hall, manager of the Workmen's Compensation Service Bureau; treasurer, L. B. Mead.

CASUALTY UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN NEW JERSEY, Newark, N. J. The present officers, elected in February, 1916, are: President, Louis O. Faulhaber, Casualty Company of America; vice-president, Myron Conklin, Hartford Accident & Indemnity; secretary, C. J. Condit, Universal Inspection Bureau; treasurer, W. H. Heard, Etna Life; executive committee, William D.