S. M. Cross, secretary; W. F. Robertson, vice-president and treasurer; L. H. Vaughan, supervisor of agents; E. W. Hyde, actuary.

COLUMBIA LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY, Portland, Ore. Organized 1906; capital, $200,000. William M. Ladd, president; T. B. Wilcox, vice-president; S. P. Lockwood, vice-president and general manager; Edward Cookingham, vice-president; M. M. Johnson, secretary and actuary.

COLUMBIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Fremont, Neb. Organized 1908. O. W. Rice, president; H. C. Mason, secretary and actuary; L. G. Mason, assistant secretary; F. W. Arndt, treasurer.

COLUMBIAN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of Boston. Organized 1902; capital, $1,000,000. Arthur E. Childs, president; Francis P. Sears, vice-president and comptroller; William H. Brown, secretary and treasurer; Walter I. King, actuary; Ralph E. Pearce, assistant secretary; Herbert L. Newton, assistant treasurer; William H. Mastin, superintendent of agents; John S. Phelps, M.D., medical director; Charles A. Bennett, manager accident department.

COLUMBUS CASUALTY CONFERENCE, Columbus, Ohio. The present officers, elected in April, 1916, are: President, J. E. Hanowell, Massachusetts Bonding; vice-president, F. H. Hertel, Ohio State Life; secretary and treasurer, D. D. Spitzer, Standard Accident; executive committee, W. O. Wade, National Casualty; J. G. Belknap, Continental Casualty; and the officers.

COLUMBUS LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was organized in January, 1912, by Columbus, O., agents, and the officers elected were: President, Fritz A. Lichtenberg, Massachusetts Mutual; vice-president, Albert Speaks, New England Mutual; secretary, C. C. Hills, Mutual Benefit; treasurer, Lot T. Brown, Union Central. The present officers, elected at the annual meeting in January, 1916, are: President, Lot T. Brown, Union Central; vice-president, E. P. Tice, Midland Mutual; secretary, J. W. Wolfe, Massachusetts Mutual; treasurer, Ralph W. Hoyer, John Hancock; executive committee, M. D. Donham, National of Vermont; A. W. Kemmery, Prudential; C. T. Tuck, Equitable of New York; J. P. King, Mutual Benefit; and J. I. Behling, Northwestern Mutual.

COLUMBUS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Columbus, Ohio. Organized 1908; capital paid in, $125,900. C. W. Brandon, president; Dr. W. B. Carpenter and N. G. Spangler, vicepresidents; D. E. Ball, secretary and actuary; S. A. Hopkins, treas

urer.

COMMERCIAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Newark, N. J. Organized 1909; capital, $500,000. C. W. Feigenspan, president; David O. Watkins, vice-president; Harry C. Mitchell, vice

president and general manager; W. Van Winkle, secretary; J. H. Shale, treasurer.

COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS' EASTERN ACCIDENT ASSOCIATION, Boston, Mass. Organized 1894. T. Henry Mayo, president; William D. Rand, James B. Lord, Elmer E. Carpenter, vice-presidents; Ira F. Libby, secretary. The association writes accident insurance only, under the Fraternal Laws of Massachusetts.

COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS MUTUAL ACCIDENT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, THE, Utica, N. Y. Organized 1883. Henry D. Pixley, president; George S. Dana, secretary and treasurer.

COMMISSIONERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS OF INSURANCE, LIST OF. [See Insurance Departments and also National Insurance Commissioners' Convention.]

COMMONWEALTH CASUALTY COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1906; cash capital, $100,000; authorized capital, $250,000. I. N. Stevens, president; W. G. Bobb, M. D., vice-president; E. S. Cook, secretary; Charles T. Megee, treasurer.

COMMONWEALTH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Louisville, Ky. Organized 1904; capital, $500,000. J. D. Powers, president; Darwin W. Johnson, secretary and treasurer; I. Smith Homans, assistant secretary and actuary.

COMMONWEALTH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Neb. Organized 1909; capital, $100,000. Frans Nelson, president; Paul Wupper, vice-president; George I. Parker, vice-president; F. J. Uehling, secretary; A. B. Detwieler, treasurer; J. M. Emery, actuary.

The Surety Fund Life Company, Minneapolis, Minn., reorganized as a stock company, capital, $100,000.

CASUALTY, SURETY, AND MISCELLANEOUS COMPANIES

Allegheny County Indemnity, Pittsburg, Pa..

American Automobile Indemnity, Sioux Falls, N. D..
Atlantic Guaranty and Title, Atlantic City, N. J...
Automobile Liability, Lt'd. Milwaukee, Wis...
Automobile Owners Mutual Liability, Cleveland, O.

Builders and Manufacturers Mutual Casualty, Chicago, Ill.
Builders Limited Mutual Liability, Milwaukee, Wis..
Business Men's Indemnity Association, Indianapolis.
Central Compensation and Casualty, Rochester, N. Y. :
Citizens Home, Alexandra, Va..

Commercial Life and Accident, New Orleans, La..
Delaware Surety, Wilmington, Del..
Eureka Casualty, Philadelphia, Pa..

Home Indemnity, New York, N. Y..

Indemnity Co. of California..

Indiana Casualty and Surety, Indianapolis

Kansas Automobile Indemnity.

Kansas Central Indemnity, Hutchinson. Kan..

La Salle Life, Accident and Health Benefit, New Orleans

Lincoln Mutual Casualty, Springfield, Ill..

Maine Indemnity, Lewiston, Me..

Mammoth Life and Accident, Louisville, Ky..

$100,000

150.000 Mutual

50.000 Mutual

Mutual

Assessment

250,000

200,000

200,000

100,000

250,000

Mutual

100.000

50.000 Mutual

10.000

Assessment

The Old Dominion Life, Inc., Norfolk, Va., capital, $43,051, was organized to do an industrial accident and sick benefit business, and the Montana Bankers, Helena, capital, $100,000 and the Sheridan County Farmers' Mutual, were projected to transact a hail business.

The Atlas Life, Montgomery, Tenn., was merged in the Independent Life of Tennessee; Citizens Co-operative Life in the Southwestern Life; Sam Houston Life in the Southland Life; and the Iroquois Life and Central Life, Lexington, Ky., consolidated, and also the San Francisco Life and West Coast Life as the West Coast-San Francisco Life.

The American Health and Accident and People's insurance companies consolidated under the name American People's Insurance

Company, Birmingham, Ala.; the Badger Casualty, Bankers Casualty of Wisconsin and Midland Casualty consolidated as the Midland Casualty, and the New England Casualty, Boston, and Equitable Surety, St. Louis, as the New England Equitable Casualty Company. The Interstate Casualty and Guaranty of Albuquerque, N. M., and the Southwestern Surety, Denison, Texas, were merged in the Southern Surety of St. Louis. The Industrial Sick and Accident, Indianapolis, Ind., changed its name to the Capitol Casualty Company.

The following compensation mutuals were organized: EmployMutual, Denver, Col; United States Mutual Liability, Boston, Mass.; Coal Merchants Mutual, New York; Mutual Compensation Insurance Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Laundry Owners Mutual Liability, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Pennsylvania Mutual Liability Association, Huntington, Pa.

The Red Men's Fraternal Accident Association of America, Westfield, Mass., reorganized as a stock accident company, capital, $100,000; and other fraternal associations were organized or projected in 1915 as follows: American Health and Accident (burial association), Topeka, Kan.; Afro-American, Oklahoma; Delaware Relief Association, Milford, Del.; People's Beneficial Association, Wilmington, Del.; Miami Industrial Mutual Benefit, Miami, Fla.; Holy Family Society of the United States, Joliet, Ill.; United Brothers of Friendship and Sisters of the Mysterious Ten, Springfield, Ill.; Business Men's Indemnity Association, Indianapolis; Friendly Service Society, Minneapolis; Improved Industrial Order of Wise Men, Muskogee, Okla.; Protective Unit, Oklahoma; Workingmen's Sick and Benefit Association, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; Independent Order of Red Men Funeral Benefit Reimbursing Association, Philadelphia; National Railway Employees' Protection Association, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Citizens Home Insurance Company, Alexandra, Va.; Modern Protective Order, Newport News; Improved Chamber of Middlesex County, Saluda, Va.; and Concordia Mutual Aid Society, Polish Federation of America, South Slavic Benevolent Union, all of Milwaukee.

CONFERENCE OF SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES. An association of southern life insurance companies was organized at Atlanta, Ga., in May, 1914. Officers were elected as follows: Chairman, George A. Grimsley, Jefferson Standard Life; vicechairman, W. D. Jelks, Protective Life; secretary, R. J. Mebane, Southern Life and Trust, Greensboro, N. C.

The third annual meeting of the Conference was held in Atlanta, Ga., June 2, 1916. Officers were elected as follows: Chairman, E. G. Simmons, Pan-American Life; vice-chairman, C. Q. Cole, Lamar Life; secretary, C. G. Taylor, Atlantic Life; executive committee, chairman, W. D. Jelks, Protective Life; Dr. J. P. Turner, Jefferson Standard; A. L. Key, Volunteer State Life.

CONNECTICUT GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Hartford, Conn. Organized in 1865; capital, $400,000. R. W. Huntington, Jr., president; P. H. Woodward, vice-president; George E. Bulkley, secretary; E. B. Peck, assistant secretary; Chas. G. Wood

ward, financial secretary; A. P. Woodward, secretary accident department. The company also writes health and accident insurance.

CONNECTICUT, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 18651916. The insurance department of Connecticut was established by law, July 19, 1865, the insurance commissioner being appointed by the Governor for three years. In 1887 the term was increased to four years. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for list of former officials.]

Burton Mansfield is the present commissioner, appointed for the term beginning July 1, 1911, and re-appointed in 1915.

CONNECTICUT LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was organized October 27, 1890. [For a full account of the first meeting and organization of the association see the Cyclopedia for 1890 (page 63).] The present officers elected at the annual meeting held in February, 1916, are: President, George W. Green, Mutual Benefit; vice-president, A. J. Edgar, Metropolitan; second vice-president, Eli D. Weeks, Phoenix Mutual; secretary and treasurer, James B. Moody, Jr., Travelers, Hartford; executive committee, John H. Thompson, Travelers, Hartford, chairman; C. E. Stockder, Provident Life and Trust; Lyman F. Rich; Frank S. Selleck, Metropolitan; Thomas W. Russell, Connecticut General.

CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of Hartford. Organized 1846. John M. Taylor, president; Henry S. Robinson, vice-president; William H. Deming, secretary; Jacob H. Green, second secretary; John D. Parker and J. L. Loomis, assistant secretaries; Herbert H. White, treasurer; Daniel H. Wells, actuary, Charles Hildebrand and Harry I. B. Rice, assistant actuaries; Griffin M. Lovelace, superintendent of agencies; Joseph B. Hall, medical director.

CONSERVATIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, South Bend, Ind. - Organized 1912; authorized capital, $250,000, cash capital, $145,050. Dixon W. Place, president; G. R. Summers, vice-president; A. S. Burkhart, second vice-president and general manager; William Mell, secretary; Fred L. Dennis, treasurer, Edwin R. Dean, medical director; Samuel Parker, general counsel.

CONSERVATIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wheeling, W. Va. Organized 1907; capital, paid in, $291,990. Otto Schenck, president; George W. Hall and S. M. Sawvel, vice-presidents; Clem E. Peters, secretary and treasurer; C. E. Flanagan, actuary.

CONSOLIDATED CASUALTY COMPANY, Charleston, W. Va., executive offices Louisville, Ky. Organized 1909; capital, paid in, $116,062. J. W. Scherr, president; J. V. Norman, first vice-president and general counsel; M. J. Moss, second vice-president; Ŵ. A. Hart, secretary.