INDUSTRIAL LIFE INSURANCE IN 1915. The following tabular statement exhibits the industrial life insurance business transacted in the United States in 1915:

INSURANCE DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF OFFICERS OF. [See Fire section, and State Insurance Supervision in alphabetical order by states, life section.]

INSURANCE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS, ANNUAL CONVENTION OF. [See National Insurance Convention.]

INSURANCE FEDERATIONS, STATE. [See State Insurance Federations.]

INSURANCE JOURNALISM. The following is a list of insurance periodicals published in the United States, with the date of first publication, original and present location, and original and present publishers. Papers which are exclusively organs of companies and published by them are not included. [See Cyclopedia for 18991900 for earlier publications not now published.]

1853-Insurance Monitor, New York, established as the Insurance Monitor and Wall Street Review, Thomas Jones, Jr., weekly, afterward changed to monthly; published by C. C. Hine from 1868 to 1897; C. C. Hine and Walter S. Nichols, editors during this period; present publisher, C. C. Hine's Sons Company; Walter S. Nichols, editor; C. G. Hine, president; T. A. Hine, treasurer; Edward Hine, secretary; R. M. Chandor,

manager.

1857-Insurance Intelligencer, Philadelphia, Orrin Rogers, monthly, afterward changed to fortnightly and weekly, now a monthly. Published by R. L. Oviatt.

1859-Weekly Underwriter, New York, began as the New York Underwriter and General Joint Stock Register, New York, J. B. Ecclesine, first weekly, name changed to the Wall Street Underwriter in 1867, afterward monthly, became the New York Underwriter in 1878, and was published by the Underwriter Printing and Publishing Company, A. D. Brigham, president. In 1880 it became a weekly under the present title. Present publisher, the Underwriter Printing and Publishing Company, L. A. Mack, president and treasurer, Charles A. Jenney, chairman board of directors; W. W. Mack, vice-president and editor; M. H. Brooks, secretary and managing editor.

1862-American Exchange and Review, Philadelphia, monthly. Published by the Review Printing and Publishing Co., Ambrose Shapley, president; Benjamin L. Tomes, editor. 1865-Baltimore Underwriter, Baltimore, Md., C. C. Bombaugh, monthly afterward weekly, and then fortnightly, now published by The Baltimore Underwriter Company; R. B. Caverly, manager.

1866-Chronicle, Chicago, J. J. W. O'Donoghue, weekly; afterward transferred to New York, and now published by the Chronicle Company, Ltd., name changed to The Market World and Chronicle in 1911 and to The Economic World in 1915. A. R. Marsh, president, treasurer, and editor; Guy Emerson, vice-president and associate editor; W. B. Marsh, business manager. 1867-Western Insurance Review, St. Louis, established by John P. Thompson & Co.; afterwards Captain Aldrich was editor and proprietor. Sold by Mrs. Aldrich to N. H. Weed; now published by Western Insurance Review Co.; Tarleton Brown, president and editor, monthly.

1868-Spectator, Charles D. Lakey and James H. Goodsell, Chicago, monthly, afterwards transferred to New York and changed to weekly, now published by the Spectator Company. Arthur L. J. Smith, president; Robert W. Blake, secretary.

1868-United States Review, began as the Northwestern Review, Chicago, by W. F. Brewster, transferred to Philadelphia, present name adopted, now weekly, published by the United States Review Publishing Company, R. R. Dearden, president and editor; R. R. Dearden, Jr., secretary; J. B. Carhart, associate editor.

1869-Insurance Times, New York, Stephen English and Z. Wilmshurst, monthly, now published by the estate of Dr.. P. T. Kempson, J. Frazier Kempson,

manager.

1871-Insurance Index, New York. R. B. Caverly, publisher; monthly. 1871-Argus, Chicago, began as the Insurance Herald, Chicago, by George I. Yeager, monthly, succeeded by the Argus in 1877, combined with the Insurance Herald in 1913. Atlanta, Ga.

1871-Insurance Law Journal, St. Louis, D. H. & H. L. Potter, monthly; transferred to New York in 1874, now published by C. C. Hine's Sons Company; present editor, Walter S. Nichols.

1871-Coast Review, San Francisco, L. B. & J. G. Edwards, publishers; J. G. Riley, editor; present publisher, Insurance Publishing Co.; present editor, E. H. Bacon, monthly. 1872-Standard, Boston, began as the Insurance Index, Cincinnati, W. T. Tillinghast, monthly, transferred to Boston, name changed to the Standard in 1882, publication changed to weekly, now published by Standard Publishing Company; C. E. Belcher, president and treasurer; F. L. Armstrong, secretary, W. E. Beer, editor.

1873-Insurance Journal, Hartford, H. R. Hayden, monthly changed to fortnightly in 1895, and weekly in 1896. Now, The Insurance Journal and New England Underwriter, published fortnightly by R. B. Caverly.

1873-Insurance Age, New York, S. S. Norton, monthly, published by Matthew Griffin, now published by the Hatch Publishing Co. H. H. Johnston, president and treasurer; E. A. Roth, secretary; H. H. Johnston, editor. 1874-Insurance World, Pittsburgh, monthly, became a weekly in 1900; J. L. Bergstresser, editor; E. L. Montgomery, manager.

1874-Insurance Critic, Chicago, G. W. & J. Reed, Jr., monthly, afterward transferred to New York and published by George W. Corliss. Now Published twice a month by W. E. Underwood, editor; George Moffat, associate editor.

1876

Insurance and Commercial Magazine, New York, monthly, started as the Insurance Agents' and Brokers' Magazine, W. H. Livingston. Present editor and publisher, Charles F. Howell.

1877-Review, New York, Daily Bulletin Association, now insurance edition of the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, weekly; Sumner Ballard, editor. 1878-Rough Notes, Indianapolis, Ind., publishers, the Rough Note Company; began as monthly, now weekly. H. C. Martin, editor and general manager; Irving Williams, associate editor; F. B. Humphrey, advertising manager. 1879-Insurance Record, New York, C. J. Smith, monthly; present editor and publisher, P. J. Heilmann.

1881-Mutual Underwriter, Green Spring, O., originally a reinsurance paper, monthly. removed to Rochester, N. Y., and became an assessment life insurance organ, Mutual Underwriter Company, publishers.

1882-Indicator, Detroit, Mich., W. H. Burr, monthly; now published by Indicator Publishing Company, fortnightly; W. E. King, president; William H. Burr, editor; E. L. Spoor, secretary and manager. 1883-Insurance, New York, Davis & Lakey; present publisher and editor, Charles D. Lakey; weekly. 1883-Insurance News, Philadelphia, W. H. Wells, monthly, afterwards published by Mrs. W. H. Wells; W. S. Schermerhorn, editor and manager. 1883-Vindicator, Atlanta, Ga., Garrett Brown, afterwards transferred to New Orleans, monthly, now weekly, published by the Vindicator Publishing Company; Louis Phillips, president; William Pfaff, vice-president; D. R. McQuire, treasurer; T. D. Wharton, secretary and managing editor. 1887-Pacific Underwriter, San Francisco, W. L. Eaton, monthly, afterwards changed to fortnightly; Robert W. Neal and Will G. Taffinder, present editors and publishers. 1888-Insurance Herald, Louisville, monthly, afterwards changed to weekly. Insur ance Herald Company, publishers; removed to Atlanta, Ga., in 1901, combined with the Argus, Chicago, in 1913. Now published by The HeraldArgus Co. as the Insurance Herald-Argus. T. W. Dealy, president; John D. Hogshead, secretary; Messrs. Dealy and Hogshead, editors. 1888-Insurance Agent, New Orleans, La., Charles M. Hero, monthly. 1889-Views, Washington, D. C., Max Cohen, monthly.

1889-Independent, Chicago, G. L. McKean, monthly; now The Life Insurance Independent; N. H. Weed, manager; removed to New York in 1902.

1889-Insurance Advocate, began as the Insurance Echo, Philadelphia, monthly; transferred to New York and name changed; now weekly; H. E. Roberts, editor and publisher; E. W. Roberts, manager.

1891-Adjuster, San Francisco, monthly, J. A. Carey, present editor.

1891-Insurance Magazine, began as the Insurance and Investors' Magazine, Kansas City, Mo., monthly; D. W. Wilder & Son, publishers and editors; transferred to Chicago in 1897, and back to Kansas City in 1898.

1892-Surveyor, New York, weekly, established by A. G. Hall, now published by George H. Holden Co., Inc., G. H. Holden president and editor; H. W. Williams, secretary and associate editor; Hugh C. Munday, treasurer. 1892-Insurance Post of Chicago, semi-monthly, established by Charles A. Hewitt, now published by Insurance Post Publishing Co., Thomas R. Weddell, editor and manager; P. J. V. McKian, associate editor.

1893-Underwriters' Review, Des Moines, Ia., monthly, F. A. Durham, publisher; changed to semi-monthly; now published by the Underwriters' Review Company, A. H. Huling, editor.

1893-Vigilant, New York City, Patrick J. Hanway, monthly; now published by the estate of P. J. Hanway.

1894-American Underwriter Magazine and Insurance Review, originally, Thrift title changed in 1902 and the words "Magazine and Insurance Review were added in 1908, New York City, Thrift Publishing Co., publishers; monthly, B. L. Phelps, editor.

1895-Insurance Register, Philadelphia, H. W. Smith, monthly; published by the estate of B. F. Hughes; H. B. Hughes, editor and manager.

1895-Western Economist, Des Moines, la., monthly, B. W. Blanchard, editor. 1895-Insurance Press, New York City, weekly, The Insurance Press, Inc., Franklin Webster, president and editor: C. M. Biscay, secretary and treasurer. 1895-Life Insurance Courant, Oak Park, Ill., A. J. Flitcraft, monthly. 1895-Insurance Observer, New York City, monthly, W. A. Thomas; now semimonthly; present publishers, Observer Circulating Company; John S Hanson, president and editor; Charles A. Anderson, secretary, treasurer, and manager.

1897-Insurance Report, Denver, Col., Garrett Brown, monthly; now published by Insurance Report Co., Cyrus K. Drew, editor and manager. 1897-Western Underwriter, Chicago and Cincinnati, O., started as the Ohio Underwriters', O., by E. Jay Wohlgemuth, every other Thursday; changed to weekly, and combined with Black and White. Present publishers, Western Underwriter Company, E. J. Wohlgemuth, president; G. W. Wadsworth, secretary; C. M. Cartwright, managing editor; Wm. S. Crawford and J. F. Wohlgemuth, associate editors. 1897-Southeastern Underwriter, Atlanta, Ga., started as Insurance Gossip, W. E. Evans; present name taken in September, 1898, monthly; present publishers. Southeastern Underwriters Company, Orville H. Hall, manager. 1899-Insurance Field, Louisville, Ky., published by the Insurance Field Company, Inc.; C. I. Hitchcock, president; Ben. P. Branham and G. W. Watson, vice-presidents; L. T. Davidson, treasurer; E. E. Straus, secretary; Young E. Allison and Champion I. Hitchcock, editors; Charles Dobbs, managing editor; W. E. Schram, associate editor; weekly; (fire, life and casualty editions). 1901-Insurance Leader, St. Louis, Mo., monthly, by the Leader Publishing Company, Garrett Brown, editor and manager.

1901-Safety Engineering, New York City, monthly, started as Insurance Engineering; published by the Safety Press, Inc.; Franklin Webster, president and editor; Cart M. Hansen, associate editor; A. C. Carruthers, manager. Name changed to Safety Engineering in 1913.

1902-Best's Insurance News, Alfred M. Best Company, New York, monthly. 1903-American Agency Bulletin, Boston, Mass., monthly; published by the National Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents; Henry P. Putnam, editor. 1903-Texas Insurance, Houston, Tex., semi-monthly; Texas Insurance Publishing Co., publishers, Edward Smith, president and editor.

1904-Insurance Educator, Louisville, Ky., monthly; now the Educator, section, supplement to the life edition of the Insurance Field.

1905-Northwest Insurance, St. Paul, Minn., monthly; James C. Matchitt, editor and publisher.

1905-Expositor, The, Newark, N. J., monthly; The Expositor Company, now published by the Public Safety Co.; R. F. Ross, president and editor. 1905-Underwriters Report, San Francisco, established by John C. Piver as Life Insurance Report, published monthly. Changed to a weekly in 1907 and name changed. Now published by the Underwriters Report, Inc. 1906-Life Association News, New York City, monthly; Everett M. Ensign, editor and manager (official organ National Association of Life Underwriters). 1907-Eastern Underwriter, New York, combined with Monthly Journal of Insurance Economics. Published weekly by Eastern Underwriter Company; Clarence Axman, president.

1908-Industrial Review, Philadelphia; published by the Western Underwriter Co. 1912-Fire Protection, Cincinnati and Chicago, published by The Western Underwriter Company; E. Jay Wohlgemuth and Paul Mason, editors. 1914-Pacific Insurance Review, Seattle, Wash., monthly. C. L. Palmer and A. S. Dukenfield, publishers, now published by Henry S. Volkmar, editor.

Besides these regular class papers, there are several daily and weekly papers which devote more or less space to insurance news and the discussion of insurance questions. The principal of these papers are the New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, Sumner Ballard, insurance editor; New York Commercial, Hugh Farrell, editor; Boston Globe, John Buchanan, editor; Chicago Record- Herald, T. R. Weddell, insurance editor; and among weeklies, The Independent, W. E. Underwood, editor, New York.

Several fire insurance companies and a large number of life companies and several casualty companies issue weekly, monthly, quarterly, or occasional company papers. The National Fire Protection Association also issues an association quarterly, founded in 1896, and devoted to fire protection and prevention. There are some thirty weekly, monthly, and quarterly papers printed by mutual beneficiary societies.

During 1915 death removed from insurance journalism Edward Bunnell Phelps, editor of the American Underwriter Magazine and Insurance Review, John F. Bailey of The Spectator, James A. Van Cleve, editor of the Insurance Times, and J. H. C. Whiting, publisher of the American Exchange and Review, Philadelphia, and in 1916 James H. McClellan of the Baltimore Underwriter, and George W. Olney of the Weekly Underwriter.

A. G. Hall, editor and publisher of The Surveyor retired from insurance journalism to enter the brokerage business. The Surveyor was purchased by George H. Holden & Co. George H. Holden, previously with the Insurance Age, became president of the company and editor of the Surveyor. Hugh C. Munday retired as manager of the Intelligencer to become business manager of the Surveyor. The Intelligencer continuing to be published by R. L. Oviatt.

H. H. Johnston, formerly with the Life Insurance Independent became editor and manager of the Insurance Age. Theodore D. Wharton, managing editor of the Insurance Vindicator, New Orleans, retired from journalism to enter life insurance, and Herbert W. Bloomingston, on the staff of the Insurance Field, also retired to enter the accident insurance business. Frank W. Pennell, New York representative of the Western Underwriter, in 1916 retired to accept a position in the literary department of the Mutual Life Insurance Company. The Pacific Insurance Review, Seattle, was purchased by the Fuller Publishing Co., and Henry S. Volkmar, became editor, and later he became also publisher.

INTER-CITY ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS was organized in 1916 by life agents of Parkersburg, W. Va., and Marietta, Ohio. W. H. Bettes was elected president and Herbert L. Smith, secretary.

INTERMEDIATE LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, Evansville, Ind. Organized 1904; capital, $200,015. W. H. McCurdy, president; W. F. Weyerbacker, vice-president; Fred Baker, secretary and treasurer; J. F. Baker, assistant secretary.

INTER-MOUNTAIN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salt Lake City, Utah. Organized 1911; cash capital, $124,510. William Spry, president; T. R. Cutler, vice-president; G. T. Odell, second vice-president; J. O. Carter, third vice-president and manager; Joshua Greenwood, fourth vice-president; John C. Sharp, fifth vice-president; N. T. Porter, secretary; C. D. Bates, assistant secretary; R. T. Badger, treasurer; J. A. Edwards, superintendent of agencies; Wilbur M. Johnson, actuary.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CASUALTY AND SURETY UNDERWRITERS. This association was organized in October, 1911, by the merger of the International Association of Accident Underwriters, and Board of Casualty and Surety Underwriters. The meeting at which the organization was completed was held in New York City, October 17 and 18, 1911, and a constitution and by