SOUTH CAROLINA, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN, 1876-1916. In South Carolina the comptroller-general was charged with limited duties of insurance supervision up to 1908. The legis lature of 1908 established a separate insurance department, with the official in charge designated as insurance commissioner. The term of office is two years. F. H. McMaster was appointed commissioner under the act, and is the present commissioner. [For list of earlier officials see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]

SOUTH DAKOTA LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION. Organized 1913. The present officers, elected in 1915, are: President, R. J. Woods, Sioux Falls; vice-president, L. C. Campbell; secretary and treasurer, M. R. Brown, Sioux Falls; executive committee, West Babcock, chairman; John Mallanney, B. C. Shaw, Geo. R. Douthit, L. C. Campbell, and the president and secretary.

SOUTH DAKOTA, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN, 1889-1916. After the state was organized the state auditor was charged with the duties of insurance supervision. The state legislature of 1897 established a department of insurance with an official in charge styled commissioner of insurance. His term is for two years. [For list of earlier officials see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]

M. Harry O'Brien is the present commissioner.

SOUTHEASTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Greenville, S. C. Organized 1905; capital, paid in, $100,000. T. Oregon Lawton, Jr., president; F. A. Lawton, vice-president; F. M. Phillippi, actuary and secretary; Miss R. L. Bryant, treasurer; A. D. L. Barksdale, agency manager; Dr. C. B. Earle, medical director.

SOUTHERN CASUALTY AND SURETY CONFERENCE, an association of southern casualty companies writing industrial, health, and accident insurance, was organized at Atlanta, Ga., in December, 1910. Officers were elected as follows: President, M. D. Johnson, Jacksonville, Fla.; vice-president, H. F. Huffaker, Chattanooga, Tenn.; secretary, C. J. Goodman, Jackson, Tenn.; treasurer, C. A. Langford, Savannah, Ga.

The sixth annual meeting was held at Asheville, N. C., September 9 and 10, 1915. President Langley called the meeting to order, and in his address reviewed the work of the year, and urged a fuller cooperation among the members, which would give the conference a larger influence and make it more valuable than it had been in the past. Reports from officers and committees were presented, and papers were read as follows: Opportunities for Greater Development in the Industrial Life, Accident, and Health Business," LeRoy Smith, Continental Aid, Atlanta; Criticism of Proposed Standard Form of Industrial Life, Health, and Accident Insurance Policy," Thomas J. Tyne, National Life and Accident, Nashville; "What I Think of This Conference," Charles E. Clarke, Peninsular Casualty, Jacksonville; "Ephraim and His Idols," Louis Phillips, Insurance Vindicator, New

Orleans. The conference appointed a committee to confer with the Insurance Commissioners Convention regarding the proposed standard policy form, and adopted a resolution against twisting of agents. Officers were elected as follows: President, Charles E. Clarke, Peninsular Casualty, Jacksonville; vice-president, P. M. Estes, Life and Casualty, Nashville; secretary and treasurer, A. H. Kohn, Carolina Life, Columbia; executive committee, C. P. Orr, Southern Mutual Aid, Birmingham, chairman; H. D. Huffaker, Interstate Life and Accident, Chattanooga; A. M. Moize, Durham Life, Durham, N. C.; R. H. Dobbs, Industrial Life and Health, Atlanta; W. W. Chiswell, People's Mutual Benefit, Washington, D. C.

The following was the company membership at the last annual meeting: Atlas Life, Montgomery; American Indemnity, Galveston, Tex.; Business Men's Casualty, Winston-Salem, N. C.; Capital City, Benefit Society, Washington, D. C.; Carolina Life, Columbia, S. C.; Commercial National, Washington, D. C.; Continental Aid Association, Atlanta, Ga.; Continental Life, Washington, D. C.; Durham Life, Durham, N. C.; Gulf and Atlantic, Columbia, S. C.; Imperial Mutual Life and Health, Asheville, N. C.; Industrial Life and Health, Atlanta, Ga.; Interstate Life and Accident, Louisville, Ky.; Kentucky Central Life and Accident, Louisville, Ky.; Life and Casualty, Nashville, Tenn.; Missouri Life and Accident, St. Louis, Mo.; National Life and Accident, Nashville, Tenn.; National Life U. S. A., Chicago, Ill.; National Insurance, Norfolk, Va.; North American Accident, Chicago, Ill.; Peninsula Casualty, Jacksonville, Fla.; People's Mutual Benefit, Washington, D. C.; Provident Life and Accident, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Provident Relief Association, Washington, D. C.; Southern, Nashville, Tenn.; Southern Mutual Aid, Birmingham and Pensacola; Western Indemnity, Dallas, Tex.

SOUTHERN LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY, Greensboro, N. C. Organized 1903; capital, $300,000. A. W. McAlister, president; R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president and treasurer; A. M. Scales, second vice-president; R. J. Mebane, third vice-president; Arthur Watt, secretary and actuary.

SOUTHERN STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ALABAMA, executive offices, Atlanta, Ga. Organized 1906; capital, $100,000. Wilmer L. Moore, president; Frank E. Black, first vice-president; Mell R. Wilkinson, second vice-president; Frank Orme, secretary and treasurer; Robert F. Moore, agency secretary; W. S. Kendrick, medical director.

SOUTHERN SURETY COMPANY, Muskogee, Okla., General Offices, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1907; capital, $600,000. C. S. Cobb, president; J. H. Huckleberry, vice-president and counsel; F. A. Ungles, vice-president and comptroller; D. D. Smith, vice-president and engineer; J. T. Suggs, vice-president; F. B. Wilber, vice-president and superintendent of agencies; E. G. Davis, secretary; G. L. Blackford, treasurer.

SOUTHERN UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Waco, Tex. Organized 1909. H. B. Mistrot, president; E. R. Nash, Sr., and George W. Cole, Jr., vice-presidents; James L. Mistrot, secretary and treasurer; Tom W. Poyner, superintendent of agencies; Andrew Sigtenhorst, actuary.

SOUTHLAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Dallas, Tex. Organized 1909; paid-in capital, $300,000. Harry L. Seay, president; L. Linzmeyer, vice-president and actuary; A. S. Doerr, vicepresident; J. W. Hurst, secretary; P. N. Thevenet, assistant secretary; Dr. John S. Turner, medical director; Dr. Wm. A. Boyce, associate medical director; John F. Onion, general counsel.

SOUTH TEXAS LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION. Organized at Houston, Tex., in March, 1915. Officers were elected as follows: President, C. W. Nelson, Southland Life; vice-president, Guy McLaughlin, Franklin Life; secretary and treasurer, W. R. Ellis, Volunteer State Life. The present officers elected in January, 1916, are: President, Warren R. Ellis, Volunteer State Life; vicepresident, R. A. Henderson, Kansas City Life; second vice-president, J. E. Porter, National, U. S. A.; secretary and treasurer, Carl T. Prime, Great Southern; executive committee, C. W. Nekson, chairman, Great Southern; Max Westheimer, Pacific Mutual; J. F. Wellington, Great Southern; Guy McLaughlin, Franklin; J. Frank Montgomery, American National.

SOUTHWESTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Dallas, Tex. Organized 1903: capital, $250,000. T. W. Vardell, president; T. L. Bradford, vice-president; Lawrence M. Cathles, secretary and actuary; Whitfield Harral, M. D., medical director.

SOUTHWESTERN SURETY COMPANY, Denison, Tex. Organized 1910; cash capital, $406,893.75. The company was merged with the Southern Surety Insurance Company, St. Louis, in 1915.

SPOKANE ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS, Spokane, Wash. The present officers, elected in February, 1916, are: President, J. R. Reinhardt, Northwestern Mutual Life; vice-president, J. R. Sisson, Mutual Life; secretary, T. F. Rhoden, Metropolitan; secretary, Horace G. West, Columbian National; executive committee, H. Cole Evans, Metropolitan Life; J. Preston, Prudential; C. H. McCoy, Equitable of New York; A. J. Buzard, Western Union; Thomas Seward, Mutual Benefit.

SPRINKLER INSURANCE IN 1915. Sprinkler insurance covers loss or damage caused by the accidental discharge or leakage of water from automatic sprinklers installed in factories and other buildings. The business is specifically written by three casualty companies, and nine fire insurance companies write this class of business under a distinct policy, covering this loss only, which reported as fo!lows for 1915:

*For fire companies the losses are losses incurred, less reinsurance.

STANDARD ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY of Detroit, Mich. Organized 1884; capital, $1,000,000. Lem W. Bowen, president; E. A. Leonard, vice-president and treasurer; J. S. Heaton, secretary.

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1910; capital, $324,275. John C. Hill, president; Frank A. Wesley, vice-president and director of agencies; H. M. Cribbs, vice-president; Elgin A. Hill, secretary; Dr. E. W. Stevenson, medical director; C. W. Harmes, manager accident department.

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des Moines, Ia. Organized 1909. F. W. Sprague, president; O. H. Davidson, vice-president; T. H. Knotts, secretary; J. A. McKinney, treasurer; J. M. Emery, actuary; E. E. Dorr, medical director..

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Atlanta, Ga. Organized 1911; capital, $100,000. Hemen E. Perry, president; A. L. Lewis, T. H. Hayes, L. J. Garth, R. L. Isaacs, vice-presidents; Harry H. Pace, secretary; H. C. Lugas, assistant secretary; Wm. H. King, superintendent of agencies; George D. Eldridge, actuary.

STANDARD LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1912; capital, $250,000. Oscar Hadley, president; Charles Downing, vice-president; Frank I. Grubbs, secretary and treasurer.

STANDARD POLICY. [See Policy Forms, Life and Accident.]

STARK COUNTY ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS, Canton, Ohio. Organized in 1916. The officers elected are: President, S. L. Haynes, Union Central; vice-president, J. W. A.

Staudt, Royal Union Mutual; second vice-president, G. W. Mobarry, Metropolitan; secretary, C. J. Johnson, Northwestern Mutual; treasurer, G. A. Leonard, Travelers; executive committee, S. L. Haynes, C. J. Johnson, G. W. Mobarry, V. B. Fridley, Prudential; J. W. A. Staudt.

STATE INSURANCE FEDERATIONS. The first insurance federation was organized in Indiana in 1912, and the movement has since spread into other states, and a national council also has been organized. The purposes of the organizations are principally educational and protective; the Indiana Federation stating in its constitution that its purpose was to "unite in one great fraternal co-operative and protective association," all men engaged in the business of insurance. The following is a list of state organizations, with present offi

cers:

ALABAMA - - Organized May, 1916. Officers: President, H. G. Siebels, Birmingham; vice-presidents, C. B. Brown, Montgomery; G. R. Ladd, Mobile; C. P. Orr, Birmingham; S. L. Crook, Anniston; L. G. Holloway, Tuscumbia; secretary. T. H. Garden, Birmingham; treasurer, M. H. Smith, Birmingham; directors, L. C. Brown, G. T. Sibley, R. F. Manley, P. C. Kidd, Herbert Levy, J. C. Goldsmith, and W. H. Hackney, Birmingham; James H. Glennon, John Schaible, and John Galliard, Mobile; M. D. Pepperman, W. E. Duskin, and F. O. Hawkins, Montgomery; J. M. Seymour, Selma; Claude Davis. Huntsville; Clyde Hendrix, Decatur; Frank Fitts. Tuscaloosa; W. S. Proutt, Demopolis; J. B. Knox, Tuscumbia; H. B. Meyer, Gadsden; W. M. Campbell, Florence.

ARIZONA Organized 1916.

Officers: President, R. Allyn Lewis; secretary and treasurer, M. P. Fickas; executive committee, F. L. Dourson, M. P. Kelly, Paul Kantz, V. Cook, and the officers.

ARKANSAS - Organized May, 1916. Officers: President, J. G. Leigh, Little Rock; vice-presidents, F. C. Cochran, Piggott; E. C. Parsons, Batesville; Don L. Cross, Fayetteville; Claude Cain, Vanburen; John R. Frazer, Little Rock; John L. Mills, Pine Bluff; secretary, M. W. Hardy, Little Rock; directors, C. P. Herrie, Little Rock; H. L. Remel, Little Rock; W. M. Burns, Blytheville; H. H. Conley, Little Rock; W. W. Little, Hot Springs; D. E. Bradshaw, Little Rock; Joseph C. Meyers, Helena; Gordon H. Campbell, Little Rock; Sam R. Phillips, Newport; W. M. S. Leake, Little Rock; W. F. Perrin, Batesville; R. W. Newell, Little Rock; A. W. Cameron, Fort Smith; J. E. Coates, Little Rock; J. M. Barber, Atkins; Charles S. McCain, Little Rock; S. C. Dowell. Walnut Ridge; W. L. Hemingway, Little Rock; J. F. Price, Nashville; Ben L. Goodheart, Little Rock; H. G. Poynor, Harrison.

CALIFORNIA. Organized April, 1916. Officers: President. J. R. Molony, San Francisco; vice-president. B. L. Davis, San Francisco; second vice-president, Mac O. Robbins, Santa Ana; third vice-president, W. R. Porter, San Francisco; fourth vicepresident, R. A. Rowan, Los Angeles; treasurer, C. A. Henry, San Francisco; secretary, Joseph J. Scott, San Francisco; directors, R. W. Osborn, San Francisco; J. B. Haner, San Francisco; F. J. Wallace, San Francisco; G. L. Stevick, San Francisco; Wm. P. Battelle, Los Angeles; T. H. Anderson, San Francisco; D. W. Pierce, Los Angeles; J. W. Vaughn, Los Angeles; E. L. Blanchard, Los Angeles; Frank Salmons. San Diego; S. D. Sillers, Chico; George Leisander, San Francisco; Louis Rosenthal, San Francisco; Albert M. Bender, San Francisco; B. F. Shepherd, Fresno; H. J. Thicken, Sacramento; H. R. Schroeter. Oakland; C. W. Dempster, Los Angeles; P. F. Gilroy, San Francisco; H. F. Ferrill, Eureka; T. S. Montgomery, San Jose.

FLORIDA - Organized May. 1916. Officers: President, Curtis M. Lowe, Jacksonville; vice-presidents, E. L. Griffin, Tampa; Ellis Knowles, Pensacola; Ě. F. McVeigh, Miami; H. T. Drane, Lakeland; C. D. Mills. Jacksonville; Geo. P. Morris, Gainesville; Walter P. Corbett. Jacksonville; Louis Z. Baya, Jacksonville; M. H. Dancy, Jacksonville; secretary and treasurer, W. Malcolm McCrory, Jacksonville; directors, H. E. James, Jacksonville; Charles E. Clark, Jacksonville; W. J. Arnette. Jacksonville; Loren H. Green, Jacksonville; S. Y. Way, Orlando; Myron Prince, Tampa; S. F. Wooten, Tampa; J. C. McKay, Tampa; Otto P. Stallings. Tampa; H. A. Thornton, Pensacola; Hunter Brown, Pensacola; L. M. Johnson, Leesburg; L. H. Thompson, Daytona; C. H. S. Jackson, Miami; John B. Floyd, St. Augustine;