AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Watertown, N. Y. Organized 1853; capital, $500,000. W. H. Stevens, president; J. Q. Adams, secretary; P. H. Willmott, assistant secretary. Organized as a farmers' mutual, and in 1863 converted into a stock company with charter limiting it to the insurance of farm property; now engaged in general fire insurance. It transacts business in most of the states and territories. It writes tornado insurance. Sixtythird annual statement, January 1, 1916:

ALABAMA FIRE PREVENTION ASSOCIATION. Organized 1915. The present officers are: President, John S. Goldsmith; secretary and treasurer, A. C. Eifler, Montgomery; executive committee, W. W. Graves, Albert Brane, F. O. Hawkins, J. L. Johnson, Harry J. Palmer, and W. H. Hackman, directors.

ALABAMA, UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF. [See Underwriters' Association of Alabama.]

ALBANY FIELD CLUB. This organization includes in its membership special agents operating in the eastern New York field. The present officers elected in December, 1915 are: President, A. T. Lovett, Fire Association; vice-president, Charles Smith, Liverpool and London and Globe; secretary, William N. Van Alstine, FidelityPhenix; treasurer, R. H. Moore, Insurance Company of North America.

ALBANY INSURANCE COMPANY, Albany, N. Y. Organized 1811; capital, $250,000. J. Townsend Lansing, president; Ledyard Cogswell, vice-president; Charles H. Hahn second vice-president; John P. Deal, secretary.

ALIENATION. A transfer of property to another. The fire insurance policy being a personal contract the alienation of the property covered by it voids the policy. So many controversies as to what constitutes alienation have arisen in insurance practice that the standard policies now describe minutely what will avoid the policy. [See Policy Forms, Fire. Also any digest of insurance law.]

ALLEMANNIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1868; capital, $200,000. William Steinmeyer, president; Chas. B. Reiter, secretary.

ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1904; capital $750,000. Benjamin Rush, president; John O. Platt, vice-president; T. Houard Wright, secretary; Sheldon Catlin, assistant secretary.

ALLIANZ INSURANCE COMPANY, (Marine), Berlin, Germany. H. K. Fowler, United States manager, New York, N. Y.

AMERICAN AND FOREIGN MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York. Organized 1896; capital, $300,000. W. L. H. Simpson, president; W. A. W. Burnett, vice-president; J. E. Hoffman, secretary and treasurer.

AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1911, began business January 1, 1912; capital, $225,000. Charles W. Disbrow, president; H. Blakesley Collins, vice-president; S. S. Williams, secretary and treasurer; Lawrence B. Pierce, chairman board of directors. Transacts all kinds of automobile insurance.

AMERICAN CENTRAL INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1853; capital, $1,000,000. Edward T. Campbell, president; B. G. Chapman, vice-president; Conrad Roeder, secretary, D. E. Monroe, assistant secretary. The company is controlled by the Commercial Union Assurance Company; control of the stock having been acquired in 1916.

AMERICAN COMPANIES ORGANIZED OR CONTROLLED BY FOREIGN COMPANIES. A number of fire insurance companies of other countries doing business in the United States have organized or acquired the control of companies with American charters. The following is the list May 1, 1916.

Caledonian,

Owning Caledonian American, N. Y.

Commercial Union,

Owning Commercial Union Fire, N. Y., and California Insurance [Company, San Francisco. American Central, St. Louis.

Liverpool and London and Globe,

Owning Liverpool and London and Globe, N. Y.

London and Lancashire,

AMERICAN DRUGGISTS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1907; capital $200,000. C. H. Avery, president; L. G. Heinritz, vice-president; F. H. Freericks, secretary and general counsel; Geo. B. Kauffman, treasurer.

AMERICAN EAGLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y. Organized 1915; capital, $1,000,000. Henry Evans, president; George E. Kline, vice-president; J. E. Lopez, second vice-president and secretary; David Rumsey, second vice-president and counsel; J. A. Swinnerton, F. R. Millard, Ernest Sturm, J. W. Robb, secretaries; Edward Randall, auditor.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE UNDERWRITERS, THE, was established by American ocean marine insurance companies March 31, 1898. On May 25th the following officers were elected: Charles Platt of Philadelphia, president of the Insurance Company of North America, president; A. A. Raven, president of the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company of New York, vice-president; L. Allyn Wight of New York, secretary; A. J. Macdonald of New York, treasurer. The functions of the Institute are advisory, rather than legislative. Most of the marine insurance companies are represented in the membership. Herbert Appleton of the United States "Lloyds," is president, and William H. McGee, secretary and treasurer; address, 15 William Street, New York, N. Y.

AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY of Newark, N. J. Organized 1846; capital $1,000,000. Philemon L. Hoadley, president; Chas. E. Sheldon and C. Weston Bailey, vice-presidents; Frederick Hoadley, secretary; Roy C. Vanderhoof, assistant secretary; Archibald C. Cyphers, treasurer.

AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y. Organized 1916; capital, paid up, $200,000. Cecil P. Stewart, president; George A. Gaston, vice-president; R. H. L. Martin, secretary; A. F. Schmidt, treasurer; E. G. Steinert, assistant treasurer.

AMERICAN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Providence, R. I. Organized 1877. John R. Freeman, president and treasurer; Benj. G. Buttolph and Edwin D. Pingree, vice-presidents; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary.

ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ORDER OF THE BLUE GOOSE, THE, was organized during the meeting of the Wisconsin Field Men's Club at Green Lake, Wis., in June, 1906. The order conceived in a spirit of fun, developed a serious purpose, and its objects are social and fraternal. The following officers were elected: Most Loyal Grand Gander, Walter E. Atwater, of the Commercial Union; His Highness, Supervisor of the Flock, Dr. W. E. Golden, Atlas; Grand Custodian of the Goslings, W. W. Conklin, Queen; Grand Wielder of the Goose Quill, George Heller, Jr., North America; Grand Keeper of the Golden Goose Egg, George A. Roberts, Detroit F. & M.; Guards to the Grand Custodian of the Goslings, L. S. Wallace, Pennsylvania Fire; C. H. Silkworth, Springfield; M. M. Hawxhurst, Michigan F. & M.; C. E. Hilbert, Lon. & Lanc.; Robe Bird, New York Underwriters; O. E. Lane, Providence-Washington. At the meeting in November, 1907, a new constitution was adopted and the order changed into a national organization, with the different state branch organizations known as "ponds." Officers elected at the annual meeting in October, 1915, are: Most Loyal Grand Gander, J. R. Stewart, Toronto: Grand Supervisor of the Flock, E. G. Carlisle, Chicago; Grand Custodian of the Goslings, Gus M. Wise, Kansas City; Grand Guardian of

the Nest, W. J. Sonnen, Chicago; Grand Keeper of the Golden Goose Egg, John A. Hanson, St. Paul; Grand Wielder of the Goose Quill, Ben F. Lehnberg, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

ANGLO-AMERICAN REINSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago III. The company was merged in the Merchants National Fire Insurance Company, Chicago, in 1916.

ANNUAL STATEMENTS, LIMIT FOR FILING. [See Statements, Annual.]

ANTI-COMPACT LAWS. Legislation forbidding fire insurance companies or agents to combine in compacts or boards of underwriters, for the purpose of fixing, maintaining, and controlling rates of insurance upon property appears to have had its birth in the Michigan legislature of 1883. A bill was introduced, but failed of passage, was reintroduced in the session of 1885, and again failed, but in the session of 1887 the bill was again introduced and enacted into law. Meanwhile the idea had been taken up in Ohio, and in 1885 the legislature of that state injected an anti-compact provision into a section of the statutes prohibiting the removal of suits from state to federal courts, and enacted it into law. Ohio thus secured the credit of being the first state to enact an anti-compact law. [For the progress and history of anti-compact legislation, see Cyclopedia for 1910-11 and earlier volumes. For an account of proceedings against companies for violations of the laws, or legal proceedings involving compacts, and decisions thereon see Cyclopedia for 1904-5 and subsequent volumes and for a review of the court's decision in the Iowa anti-compact case, and the decision on the Arkansas law see Cyclopedia for 1906-7 and subsequent volumes.] Anti-compact laws have given way to rate regulation and anti-discrimination legislation in several states resulting in the repeal of provisions prohibiting rating compacts or agreements. [See Discrimination in Insurance Rates.] The anti-compact laws of Missouri and Michigan were repealed in 1915, and the Washington law was amended. There are, therefore, anti-compact laws now in force in fourteen states as follows: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, Washington, and Wisconsin. A Virginia law prohibits combinations of companies for the purpose of regulating commissions to agents, as do also the laws of Louisiana, Ohio, Nebraska, and South Dakota. The laws of Arkansas, Louisiana, South Dakota, and South Carolina require the filing of a sworn affidavit to the effect that the company has not entered into a combination or agreement. [For full text of the anti-compact laws see Cyclopedia for 1913-14, fire section, also Cyclopedia for 1915.]

The South Carolina legislature enacted a law in 1916, which was signed by the governor and went into effect in March, and was followed by a large number of companies members of the Southeastern Underwriters Association, suspending business in the state. one and two of the law read as follows:

Sections

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any fire insurance company, association, or partnership doing fire insurance business in this State to enter into any compact or combination with other fire insurance companies, associations, or partnerships, or to require or allow their agents to enter into any compact or combination with other insurance agencies, associations, or partnerships for the purpose of governing or controlling the rates charged for fire insurance charged on any property in this State: Provided, That nothing herein shall prohibit one or more of such companies from employing a common agent or agents to prepare and furnish maps and other data as to the risks and to supervise and advise of defective structures or suggest improvements to lessen fire hazard.

Sec. 2. All fire insurance companies, associations, or partnerships doing a fire insurance business in this State shall cause to be filled on the first day of March, 1917, and in each year thereafter, with the Insurance Commissioner of this State, the affidavit of some officer or agent of said company, association, or partnership, who resides in this State, setting forth the fact that the company of which he is an officer or agent has not, in the twelve months previous to the date of the said affidavit, entered into any trust, combination, or association for the purpose of preventing competition in insurance rates in this State. provided, further, that any attempt to evade the provisions of this act by agreeing upon one person or number of persons for the purpose of making rates for such insurance companies, associations, or partnerships, or by buying rate books made by any person or persons, shall be deemed a violation of the provisions of this act and shall be punished as herein provided.

Section 2 also provides that the required affidavit shall be made before some officer authorized to administer oaths, and any false statement shall be deemed perjury, and punished by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $1000 and by confinement in the penitentiary for one year, in the discretion of the court, by confinement in jail for a period not less than thirty days nor more than twelve months. Section 3 provides a further penalty for any violation of the act of a revocation of license, which shall not be renewed for a period of three years, and a fine on conviction of not less than $500. Section 5 provides that the commissioner shall require to be filed with the annual statement made to him a statement duly sworn to by the manager or president of each company, association or partnership legally admitted in this State, that it has not in the year intervening between the issue of its last license and that applied for, violated the conditions of this act."

The act does not apply to mill mutuals or the Factory Insurance Association. [See also Discrimination in Insurance Rates, Laws Against, this volume.] Proceedings were begun to test the constitutionality of the law, and the law was held constitutional by the state supreme court.

ANTI-REBATE LAWS. [See Anti-Rebate Laws, life insurance

section.]

APPORTIONMENT. [See Non-Concurrent Policies.]

zona.

ARIZONA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Phoenix, AriOrganized 1910; capital, $200,000. E. B. O'Neill, president; E. M. Davis, vice-president and general manager; A. G. Halm, secretary; G. H. Taylor, treasurer.

ARKANSAS FIRE PREVENTION ASSOCIATION. The present officers elected in February, 1915, are: President, A. C. McCabe; vice-president, W. Ross McCain; secretary, M. R. Ferguson; assistant secretary, A. L. Parker.