General's, Judge-Advocate-General's, Quartermaster's, Subsistence, Medical, Pay, and Ordnance Departments, the Corps of Engineers and the Signal Corps, and performs such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be assigned to him by the President. For purposes of administration the office of the Chief of Staff constitutes a supervising military bureau of the War Department. Duties formerly prescribed by statute for the Commanding General of the Army as a member of the Board of Ordnance and Fortification and of the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home are performed by the Chief of Staff or some other officer designated by the President.

MILITARY BUREAUS.

The chiefs of the military bureaus of the War Department are officers of the Regular Army of the United States and a part of the military establishment, viz:

The Adjutant-General is charged with the duty of recording, authenticating, and communicating to troops and individuals in the military service all orders, instructions, and regulations issued by the Secretary of War through the Chief of Staff; of preparing and distributing commissions; of compiling and issuing the Army Register and the Army List and Directory; of consolidating the general returns of the Army; of arranging and preserving the reports of officers detailed to visit encampments of militia; of preparing the annual returns of the militia required by law to be submitted to Congress; of managing the recruiting service; and of recording and issuing orders from the War Department remitting or mitigating sentences of general prisoners who have been discharged from the military service. The Adjutant-General is vested by law with the charge, under the Secretary of War, "of the military and hospital records of the volunteer armies and the pension and other business of the War Department connected therewith;" and of the publication and distribution of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion. He also has charge of the historical records and business of the permanent military establishment, including all pension, pay, bounty, and other business pertaining to or based upon the military or medical histories of former officers or enlisted men. The archives of The Adjutant-General's office include all military records of the Revolutionary war; the records of all organizations, officers, and enlisted men that have been in the military service of the United States since the Revolutionary war; the records of the movements and operations of troops; the medical and hospital records of the Army; all reports of physical examination of recruits and all identification cards; the records of the Provost-Marshal-General's bureau; the records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands; the Confederate records, including those pertaining to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Confederate government.

The Inspector-General, with his assistants, inspects all military commands and stations, the schools of application, the military department of all colleges and schools at which officers of the Army are detailed, all depots, rendezvous, armories, arsenals, fortifications, and public works of every kind under charge of or carried on by officers of the Army, and also the money accounts of all disbursing officers of the Army.

The Quartermaster-General, aided by assistants, provides transportation for the Army; also clothing and equipage, horses, mules, and wagons, vessels, forage, stationery, and other miscellaneous quartermaster stores and property for the Army, and of clothing and equipage for the militia; constructs necessary buildings, wharves, roads, and bridges at military posts, and repairs the same; furnishes water, heating, and lighting apparatus; pays guides, spies, and interpreters, and is in charge of national cemeteries.

The Commissary-General of Subsistence has administrative control of the Subsistence Department; the disbursement of its appropriations; the providing of rations and their issue to the Army; the purchase and distribution of articles authorized to be kept for sale to officers and enlisted men; the administrative examination of accounts of subsistence funds preliminary to their settlement by the proper accounting officers of the Treasury; and the examination and settlement of returns of subsistence supplies.

The Surgeon-General has administrative control of the Medical Department; the disbursement of its appropriations; the designation of the stations of medical officers, and the issuing of all orders and instructions relating to their professional duties; the recruitment, instruction, and control of the Hospital Corps and of the Army Nurse Corps. He directs as to the selection, purchase, and distribution of the medical supplies of the Army. The Army Medical Museum, the library of the Surgeon-General's Office, and the general hospitals are under his direct control.

The Paymaster-General is charged with the payment of the officers and enlisted men of the Army and civil employees of the Department; with furnishing funds to

his officers and seeing that they duly account for the same, and with a preliminary examination of their accounts; also with the payment of allotments made by enlisted men of the Army for the benefit of their families.

The Chief of Engineers commands the Corps of Engineers, which is charged with all duties relating to construction and repair of fortifications, whether permanent or temporary; with all works of defense; with ali military roads and bridges, and with such surveys as may be required for these objects, or the movement of armies in the field. It is also charged with the river and harbor improvements, with military and geographical explorations and surveys, with the survey of the lakes, and with any other engineer work specially assigned to the corps by acts of Congress or orders of the Secretary of War.

The Chief of Ordnance commands the Ordnance Department, the duties of which consist in providing, preserving, distributing, and accounting for every description of artillery, small arms, and all the munitions of war which may be required for the fortresses of the country, the armies in the field, and for the whole body of the militia of the Union. In these duties are comprised that of determining the general principles of construction and of prescribing in detail the models and forms of all military weapons employed in war. They comprise also the duty of prescribing the regulations for the proof and inspection of all these weapons, for maintaining uniformity and economy in their fabrication, for insuring their good quality, and for their preservation and distribution.

The Judge-Advocate-General is directed by law to "receive, review, and cause to be recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and military commissions." He also furnishes the Secretary of War information and advice relating to lands under control of the War Department, and reports and opinions upon legal questions arising under the laws, regulations, and customs pertaining to the Army, and upon questions arising under the civil law; reports upon applications for clemency in the cases of military prisoners; examines and prepares legal papers relating to the erection of bridges over navigable waters; drafts bonds, and examines those given to the United States by disbursing officers, colleges, and others; examines, revises, and drafts charges and specifications against officers and soldiers; and also drafts and examines deeds, contracts, licenses, leases, and legal papers generally. The Chief Signal Officer is charged with the supervision of all military signal duties, and of books, papers, and devices connected therewith, including telegraph and telephone apparatus and the necessary meteorological instruments for use on target ranges and other military uses; the construction, repair, and operation of military telegraph lines and cables, and the duty of collecting and transmitting information for the Army by telegraph or otherwise, and all other duties usually pertaining to military signaling.

To the Bureau of Insular Affairs, under the immediate direction of the Secretary of War, is assigned all matters pertaining to civil government in the island possessions of the United States subject to the jurisdiction of the War Department, the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico being the only ones so subject at the present time. The Bureau is also the repository of the civil records of the government of occupation of Cuba (Jan. 1, 1899, to May 20, 1902) and had assigned to it matters pertaining to the provisional government of Cuba (Sept. 29, 1906, to Jan. 28, 1909). It prepares for publication executive documents relating to the Philippines and Porto Rico; makes a comptroller's review of the receipts and expenditures of the Philippine government, attends to the purchase in the United States of supplies for that government and arranges their shipment to Manila. It has charge of appointments of persons in the United States to the Philippine civil service and their transportation. It gathers statistics of insular imports and exports, shipping and immigration, and issues quarterly summaries of the same.

BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS.

The Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors is a permanent body created by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. To it are referred for consideration and recommendation all reports upon examinations and surveys provided for by Congress, and all projects or changes in projects for works of river and harbor improvement upon which report is desired by the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. It is further the duty of the Board, upon request by the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, or by the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, in the same manner to examine and report through the Chief of Engineers upon any examinations, surveys, or projects for the improvement of rivers and harbors. In its investigations the Board gives consideration to all engineering, commercial, navigation, and economic questions involved in determining the advisability of undertaking such improvements at the expense of the United States.

DIVISION OF MILITIA AFFAIRS.

The Division of Militia Affairs is vested with the transaction of business pertaining to the organized and unorganized militia of the United States, its jurisdiction embracing all administrative duties involving the armament, equipment, discipline, training, education, and organization of the militia; the conduct of camps of instruction and participation in the field exercises and maneuvers of the Regular Army; the mobilization and relations of the militia to the Regular Army in time of peace; and all matters pertaining to the militia not herein generically enumerated which do not, under existing laws, regulations, orders, or practice, come within the jurisdiction of the General Staff or any other division or bureau of the War Department. It is the central office of record for all matters pertaining to the militia not in the military service of the United States.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

The Attorney-General is the head of the Department of Justice and the chief law officer of the Government. He represents the United States in matters involving legal questions; he gives his advice and opinion, when they are required by the President or by the heads of the other Executive Departments, on questions of law arising in the administration of their respective Departments; he appears in the Supreme Court of the United States in cases of especial gravity and importance; he exercises a general superintendence and direction over United States attorneys and marshals in all judicial districts in the States and Territories; and he provides special counsel for the United States whenever required by any department of the Government.

SOLICITOR-GENERAL.

The Solicitor-General assists the Attorney-General in the performance of his general duties, and by special provision of law, in case of a vacancy in the Office of Attorney-General, or of his absence or disability, exercises all those duties. Under the direction of the Attorney-General, he has general charge of the business of the Government in the Supreme Court of the United States, and is assisted in the conduct and argument of cases therein by the Assistant Attorneys-General. He also, with the approval of the Attorney-General, prepares opinions rendered to the President and the heads of the Executive Departments, and confers with and directs the law officers of the Government throughout the country in the performance of their duties. When the Attorney-General so directs, any case in which the United States is interested, in any court of the United States, may be conducted and argued by the Solicitor-General; and he may be sent by the Attorney-General to attend to the interests of the United States in any State court, or elsewhere.

ASSISTANT TO THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

The Assistant to the Attorney-General has special charge of all suits and other matters arising under the Federal antitrust and interstate commerce laws, and performs such other duties as may be required of him by the Attorney-General.

ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS-GENERAL.

The several Assistant Attorneys-General assist the Attorney-General in the performance of his duties. They assist in the argument of cases in the Supreme Court and in the preparation of legal opinions.

Three Assistant Attorneys-General are located in the main Department building at 1435 K street, and, in addition to their general duties, particular subjects are assigned to them by the Attorney-General for the transaction of business arising thereunder with United States attorneys, other departments, and private parties in interest.

The office of the Assistant Attorney-General, including a number of assistant attorneys and clerks charged with defending suits in the Court of Claims, is located at 8 Jackson square.

The Assistant Attorneys-General charged with the defense of Indian depredation claims is located in the Bond Building, at the corner of Fourteenth street and New York avenue.

The Assistant Attorney-General charged with the defense of suits before the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission, together with his force of assistant attorneys, interpreters and clerks, is located in the offices of the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission, at 1415 H street.

The Assistant Attorneys-General and the Solicitors for the several Executive Departments, under the provisions of sections 349-350, Revised Statutes, exercise their functions under the supervision and control of the Attorney-General. They are the Assistant Attorney-General for the Department of the Interior, the Solicitor for the Department of State, the Solicitor of the Treasury, the Solicitor of Internal Revenue, and the Solicitor of the Department of Commerce and Labor.

ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-GENERAL FOR THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

This Assistant Attorney-General is the chief law officer of that Department. When requested he advises the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries upon questions of law arising in the administration of the department. All appeals from the General Land Office are sent to his office for consideration. Oral arguments are heard by him in the more important cases, or by brief; and decisions are prepared under his supervision for the signature of the Secretary or First Assistant Secretary, as the case may be. The Assistant Attorney-General is aided in this and his other work by a number of assistant attorneys.

SOLICITOR FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

The Solicitor is the chief law officer of that department. He advises the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries upon questions of municipal and international law referred to him, passes upon claims of citizens of the United States against foreign governments, claims of subjects or citizens of foreign governments against the United States, and upon applications for the extradition of criminals. The Assistant Solicitor acts as Solicitor in the absence of the latter, and in the division of the work of the office has general charge of extradition and citizenship matters.

SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY.

The Solicitor of the Treasury is charged with the supervision of much of the litigation of the Government, and it is his duty to give necessary instructions to United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks of courts in matters and proceedings appertaining to the suits under his superintendence, and to require reports from such officers; to take cognizance of all frauds or attempted frauds upon the revenue (customs) and to exercise a general supervision over the measures for their prevention and detection and for the prosecution of persons charged with the commission thereof; to have charge of lands acquired by the United States in payment of debts (except internal revenue); to make recommendations on offers of compromise (except in post-office cases and in internal-revenue cases before judgment); to effect the release of property owned or held by the United States where it has been attached; to approve the bonds of United States assistant treasurers, collectors of internal revenue, and Department disbursing clerks, and to examine all contracts of, and official bonds filed in, the Treasury Department; to issue distress warrants against delinquent collectors and other officers receiving public money, and disbursing officers and their sureties; to examine titles to life-saving station sites; and as the law officer of the Treasury Department to give legal advice to the Secretary and other officers of that Department on matters arising therein.

SOLICITOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

A Solicitor of Internal Revenue was added to the Internal-Revenue Office corps by the act of July 13, 1866 (14 Stat., 170), but by the act of June 22, 1870 (16 Stat., 162), organizing the Department of Justice, the Solicitor was formally transferred to that Department. He is the law officer and legal adviser of the Commissioner. The only duties of which mention is made by law are in connection with internalrevenue compromise cases, section 3229, Revised Statutes.

SOLICITOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR.

His duties are to act as

The Solicitor is the chief law officer of that Department. legal adviser for the Secretary of Commerce and Labor and the chiefs of the various bureaus of said Department; to prepare and examine all contracts and bonds entered into or required by the said Department; and to render such legal services in connection with matters arising in the administrative work of the Department of Commerce and Labor as may be required of him by the Attorney-General.

CHIEF CLERK.

The chief clerk, under the direction of the Attorney-General, has general supervision of the clerks and employees, and superintends all buildings occupied by the Department in Washington, D. C.; he examines and submits for signature the daily outgoing mail; edits the annual report; supervises the estimates of appropriations; has supervision of the library, the division of mails and files, the division of supplies, including printing and binding, and supplies for United States courts, and the expenditure of appropriations for contingent expenses and rents.

DISBURSING CLERK.

The disbursing clerk disburses funds from more than forty appropriations under the direction of the Attorney-General, including the salaries of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the judges of the other United States courts throughout the country, including the Territories; of the United States attorneys, marshals, and other court officials, and of the officials of the Department proper; the contingent expenses of the Department and other miscellaneous appropriations.

APPOINTMENT CLERK.

The appointment clerk has charge of all matters relating to applications, recommendations, and appointments, including certifications by the Civil Service Commission; conducts correspondence pertaining thereto; prepares nominations sent to the Senate; prepares commissions and appointments for the officers and employees of the Department in Washington, and for United States judges, attorneys, and marshals and other officers under the Department. He also compiles the Register of the Department of Justice and matter relating to that Department for the Official Register of the United States.

ATTORNEY IN CHARGE OF PARDONS.

The attorney in charge of pardons takes charge of all applications for Executive clemency, except those in Army and Navy cases, these being referred to the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, respectively; of the briefing of the cases and the correspondence in relation to them.

ATTORNEY IN CHARGE OF TITLES.

The attorney in charge of titles prepares opinions upon the title to lands belonging to or sought to be acquired by the Government for public purposes and opinions upon all legal matters growing out of the same. He has charge of all proceedings to acquire land under eminent domain, and conducts all the correspondence relating to the above matters.

DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS.

The division of accounts examines accounts payable from judiciary appropriations, including accounts of United States marshals, attorneys, clerks, and commissioners; conducts the correspondence relating thereto; authorizes certain court expenses; supervises the advancing of funds to United States marshals; prepares certain data for the annual report, and compiles the estimates of appropriations.

SUPERINTENDENT OF PRISONS.

The superintendent of prisons has charge, under the direction of the AttorneyGeneral, of all matters relating to United States prisons and prisoners, including the support of prisoners in United States penitentiaries, reform schools, and jails; the support of United States prisoners confined in penitentiaries and jails throughout the country, and the construction work in progress at the United States penitentiaries.

CHIEF EXAMINER.

The chief examiner has general supervision of the examination of the offices and records of the Federal court officials throughout the United States, and directs the work of all the examiners, special agents, and accountants of the Department, who are employed for the purpose of collecting evidence or of making investigations or examinations of any kind for this Department or the officers thereof.