of her household, for France, intending to try the Bourbon waters for relief. But she died upon the passage; and her officers were obliged to throw the body overboard, because the Portuguese sailors said it was the cause of a gale of wind they had, which lasted for three days.

M. de Vanderoque sailed from Dieppe in October, and arrived at Martinico after a six weeks' passage. He soon afterwards obliged M. de Gourselas to quit the island. That officer returned to Paris.

In July, M. le Chevalier Houel, with his two nephews, M. de Temericourt and D'Herblay, with one hundred soldiers, arrived at Mariegalante from Somme in Picardy, for the purpose of claiming their mother's rights in Guadaloupe from their uncle the governor. As soon as the vessel was at an anchor, Temericourt wrote to the commandant that he was arrived, and very unwell and in want of refreshments. The commandant immediately came on board to pay his respects, with a boat full of the best things he had. The Chevalier Houel and his nephews then explained to him their intentions; and being secure of his person, they landed with him, and made the garrison ground their arms, and after reading to them a manifesto which had been written in France, a new oath of fidelity was administered to them, which they took, and twenty of them volunteered going to Guadaloupe with the Chevalier. At nine the next morning they arrived at Grand Anse, Guadaloupe. The Chevalier and M. de Temericourt landed at his own house, from whence he sent to the fort of Santa Marie, of which, as every person in that district was in his interest, he obtained immediate possession. The Superior of the Prescheurs (or Dominicans) was fixed upon to be the bearer of the Chevalier's letter to his brother. They then landed their soldiers, and marched with colours flying and drums beating, and took post in an advantageous situation, sending off in all directions at the same time to acquaint their friends of their arrival. So large a proportion of the inhabitants soon joined them, that they no longer doubted of success.

The governor was astonished when he heard of his brother and nephews' arrival with a force to claim their rights, and that the inhabitants in general had joined them; he however ordered the people to arm, assembled the council, declared his brother and nephews guilty of high treason, and forbade all persons to join them, or even to quit their houses.

The Chevalier had not come from France to be frightened by an edict; and the inhabitants sent word to the governor that they had neither powder or ball to use against their lords. By the mediation of Fathers Beaumont and Fontaine bloodshed was

Du Tertre, tom. i. pp. 548. 560. 564.

avoided; and upon the eighth day after the Chevalier landed, both sides agreed to an arbitration, each side to select four arbitrators, and those eight to chose a ninth, which ninth was the Chevalier de Salles, then at St. Christopher's. After seven weeks' consultation the island was divided between the claimants, each having the same rights in their respective districts, but M. Houel to keep the title of governor of Guadaloupe; and in the event of the force of the island being collected to repel invasion, the command of the whole to be with him. This was signed the 13th of August, 1659.

Upon Palm Sunday, 400 French, under the command of De l'Isle, landed at Puerto di Plata from Tortuga, and marched twenty leagues to attack the city of St. Jago, for the purpose of revenging the death of ten of their nation who had been taken and shot by the Spaniards from on board a Flemish vessel, on their passage to St. Christopher's. De l'Isle surprised the city, and caught the governor in bed; his life was promised him, upon condition of paying 60,000 crowns ransom, part of which he paid immediately in hides, but the city was pillaged for twenty-four hours, and the pirates carried away all the ornaments from the altars, and the clocks from the churches. Upon their march back to the coast they were attacked by 1,000 men who lay in ambush for them, and would have been more severely handled had not the French produced the governor of St. Jago and their other prisoners, and threatened to put them to death if they were not allowed to retreat without molestation. This menace produced the desired effect, and upon their arrival at the coast they liberated their prisoners. De l'Isle was furnished for this expedition with a commission from Elias Ward, the English governor of Tortuga; and when the Spanish ambassador in France claimed justice upon the plunderers of St. Jago because they were Frenchmen, that government referred him to England, assuring him that they had a commission from an English governor.

M. de Poincy sent a colony of thirty men to St. Bartholomew's.

Du Rausset, having obtained his commission as governor of Tortuga, repaired to England, and there had interest enough to obtain an order from parliament to the governor of Jamaica, by which that officer was enjoined to acknowledge him as governor of Tortuga, upon condition that all the English were to remain independent as at St. Christopher's. With this order Du Rausset repaired to Jamaica. Intelligence was soon carried to Ward, the English governor, that the governor of Jamaica had issued an order, which directed all the English in Tortuga

to acknowledge Du Rausset as their governor, or quit the island. Determined not to acknowledge a Frenchman for his master, Ward, with his family, embarked for New England in a vessel belonging to a man named La Ronde. Soon after this Du Rausset arrived, and having taken possession of the island, hoisted the French flag; but, in consequence of ill health, was obliged to repair to the Cul de Sac in St. Domingo for change of air, and left his nephew, le Sieur de le Place, governor during his absence. A relative of Ward the English governor made an unsuccessful attempt to regain the island from the French; but failing, he was made prisoner by Le Place, and banished, with all his adherents, to Jamaica.

The French repaired the old fortress of Le Vasseur, and put the island in a state of defence, expecting the English would attack them again; but, instead of sending troops, the governor of Jamaica contented himself with sending Colonel Barry with directions not to use force, but to declare to the inhabitants it was only their voluntary submission he would receive. As might have been expected, Barry's proposal was heard with contempt, and he returned to Jamaica, mortified with his reception.

Du Rausset's ill health obliged him to quit the country and return to France. He had contrived to get an order from both the English and French governments to command in Tortuga. Of the English order he availed himself, to prevent any opposition from the governor of Jamaica; and when he landed at Tortuga he used his French commission. Du Rausset had been with La Vasseur when he took possession of Tortuga.'

It was enacted by the English commonwealth," that no goods shall be imported into or exported from the plantations but in British-built ships, and wholly owned by British subjects, and navigated by three-fourths sailors of the same."

By the 12 Car, II. c. 18., " all that are appointed governors of the plantations shall, before their entrance into their govern

ment, take an oath to do their utmost to put the laws in force in the said plantations; and upon complaint to the King, or such as he shall appoint, that such governors have been wittingly negligent therein, the governors so offending shall be removed;" and "governors of the plantations are not to suffer any foreignbuilt ship or vessel to load or unload goods, till a certificate is produced that the owner or owners are not aliens, and examination is made; and no sugars, tobacco, ginger, indigo, &c. of the growth of any English plantation in America, shall be transported to any place but to some English plantation, or to England, Ireland, &c. on pain of forfeiture and the ship; one moiety to the King, and the other to him that will seize and sue for the same."

And for every vessel which sets out from England or Ireland for any of the said plantations, bond shall be given, with one surety, to the chief officers of the custom-house of the place whence she sails, of £1000 if the ship be under one hundred tons, and of £2000 penalty if of greater burden; that if the said vessel load any of the said commodities at such plantations, it shall bring them to some port of England, Ireland, &c. And for all ships coming from any other port to those plantations, the governors, before the ship be permitted to load, shall take such bond that it shall carry the merchandize to some other English plantation, or to England or Ireland; and every ship taking on board any of the aforesaid goods before such bond given, or certificate thereof, &c. shall be forfeited; and the said governors shall, twice in every year, return true copies of such bonds to the chief officers of the customs in London," &c.

Upon the 7th of May, 1659, a truce for two months between France and Spain was signed at Paris; and upon the 21st of June following, the truce was prolonged for an unlimited time, and until another order from one of the kings should revoke it, after which revocation eight days were to elapse before hostilities could be recommenced.

Upon the 7th of November, 1659, a treaty of peace, called, of the Pyrenees, between France and Spain, was concluded in "l'Isle de Faisans, située dans la rivière de Bidassoa, dans la maison batie en ladite isle pour la présent traitté."

In this treaty there is not any thing which relates to the West Indies in particular.

"The charge to the commonwealth of England for the forces maintained in Jamaica, according to an account rendered before the House of Commons, 26th March, 1659, amounted to £110,228 11s. 3d. The annual issues afterwards till the Restoration about £54,000."

1660.

Colonel D'Oyley being informed by the Negroes, that the Spaniards, under their old governor, Don Christopher, were concealed on the north side of Jamaica, sent Colonel Tyson, with eighty men, and twenty Spanish Blacks, across the mountains to attack him. Tyson found the Spaniards posted in a swamp with 133 men; at the first onset their lieutenant-general received a mortal wound by a lance. Don Christopher escaped; about sixty were slain; several made prisoners; and the Blacks shewed great dexterity in catching the fugitives.

The English gained the victory without any loss, and proceeded to Chereiras Bay, where Colonel Tyson, by placing his men in ambuscade, took all the Spanish scouts one after the other, and seized their vessel, on board of which he found twenty soldiers.

Port Royal became abundantly stocked by privateers, who, from very small beginnings, mustered at last 3000 fighting men, and thirty sail of stout vessels, well furnished with every

necessary.

Captain Gregory Butler, one of the commissioners sent with Penn and Venables, after pleading his losses in the service, requests" a commission for the government of Tortuga, on the north-west part of Española, with authority to depute and grant commissions to men of war against the enemies of the State."

The Spanish Negroes who had sought refuge in the woods in Jamaica, intimidated the whites from venturing far from the coast. Captain Ballard was sent with a detachment against a party called the Vesmaholis Negroes, and took several of them prisoners.

In the first private audience which the Spanish ambassador, the Baron de Batteville, had with Charles the Second, he delivered a memorial to his Majesty, in which he required, "the delivery of the island of Jamaica to his master, it having been taken by his rebel subjects, contrary to the treaty of peace between the two crowns.'

Permanent peace was by no means established in Guadaloupe by the arbitration. The governor's servants forbade those of the other parties from using the roads which had been declared common, disarming those they met upon them; and M. Hinsselin, the governor's brother-in-law, challenged the Chevalier Houel to single combat, and fought him. M. de Poincy, as the King's

- vol. ii. p. 339.
Du Tertre, tom. i. p 569.

Long's Jamaica, vol i. pp. 279. 282. 310. vol. ii. p. 159.

Life of Clarendon,