'Cannot get along without borrowing, and pay the usual rates; but owing to bad credit have difficulty in procuring supplies; and in preference to getting further into debt live on short allowance of grain, supplemented with weeds, fruit, etc. My difficulties com. menced in 1877–78, the year of drought, and I have never been able to re-establish myself since. As a large cultivator in that year my losses were heavy, and my indebtedness then begun.' Mr. Gartlan adds: Personally the writer remembers this man before the date mentioned as a large cultivator and a person of good credit and some substance.'

'Manages to make both ends meet, but lives on short allowance in preference to getting into debt. Credit not very good, but can obtain loans when necessity forces him to do so.'

Finally Major Anson, agent of the Balrampur Estate, reports:

Fyzabad Division (p. 209). Cultivator, with one plough, family three; income, Rs.73; food at 40 lbs. per rupee; balance available for food, Rs.45; deficiency, Rs. 9=17 per cent.

(Ditto). A Hanwara; income, Rs. 32; three in family; available for food, Rs. 22; required, Rs.54; deficiency, Rs.32=60 per cent.a truly awful result.

(Ditto). A day labourer; income Rs.47; three in family; available for food, Rs.37; required, Rs.54; deficiency, Rs.1731 per cent. Out of seven instances, four show most serious deficiencies: one, a petty dealer, is Rs.14 deficient; two have just enough; and one, a moneylender, shows a surplus.

'To affect deep interest in things native is incorrect. A lady was asked what she had seen of the people since she came out. "Oh! nothing," she said. "Thank goodness, I know nothing at all about them, and don't wish to; really, I think, the less one sees and knows about them the better. As for Hindustani, I should never dream of trying to learn it."'-'A Sportswoman in India,' by ISABEL SAVORY.

MEAN PRICE OF PADDY PER GARCE (MADRAS).

Ourselves, or God-with all this make-believe?'

BROWNING.

'It is better to follow the real truth of things than an imaginary view of them. For many republics and princedoms have been imagined which were never seen or known to exist in reality.'-MACHIAVELLI.

THE HORRORS OF A POPULAR REVOLUTION' OF
WHICH THE STATE IS THE REAL ORIGIN.

'Historians, whose ideas have been largely coloured by those of the governing classes, have depicted in strong colours the short-lived horrors of a popular revolution, but the permanent sufferings caused by a governmental revolution have for the most part been sketched with faint touches. And yet the latter type of revolution leads to more disastrous consequences than the former. The vital forces which in the one case are ever working towards a new social equilibrium, are in the other case not brought into play till the Govern ment is itself overthrown. If India is to escape such a catastrophe, it can only do so by the Indian Government and the British Parlia ment showing more consideration than hitherto for native wants and ways. It is not more science, but more sympathy that is demanded of us by an ancient civilisation like that of India. This is the lesson which may be read up and down the pages of British Rule in the East. All the well recognised and splendid successes of our countrymen in dealing with Orientals are due to the observance, and all their less known, but none the less ignominious, failures, are due to the breach of this principle. Wherever we have superseded, instead of supervising, native officials and headmen, wherever we have poisoned the social organism with English reforms, instead of purifying it by the light of the best native traditions, there the seeds of demoralisation and disaster have been sown broadcast. The wisest men in India are beginning to recognise this fact, but we in England are still oblivious of it, and especially in those points where commercial self-interest blinds our eyes.'-A. K. CONNELL, Paper on Indian Pauperism, Free Trade, and Railways, March, 1884.

THE ALLEGED

CHAPTER XI

INCREASED AGRICULTURAL AND NON-
AGRICULTURAL INCOME

Lord Curzon's 'Element of Conjecture' regarding the Con-
dition of the People.

Highly Discreditable to the India Office and the Government
of India that Trustworthy Facts are Wanting.

The Settlement Reports and Village Records a Gold Mine
of Authentic Information.

Sir Louis Mallet on 'Absolute Disagreement as to Funda-
mental Facts.'

The Baring-Barbour Investigation of 1882.

Less than One Penny each Person per Day, if All Shared
Alike.

The Guess (in 1882) as to Non-Agricultural Income.

Provinces Above and Below the Rs.27 Limit.

An Identification of the Parties in the Story, after the
Buddhist Jatakas.

Was the Statement of 1882 Trustworthy?

THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY:

A Digest of the 'Report on the Economic Condition of
the Masses of the Bombay Presidency, 1887-8.'
The Director, Land Records and Agriculture, declares:
'There is Much Poverty but no Pauperisation.'

Gujarat Division-Yield of Holdings, Strong Deficiency in

The People Suffer, in Every Year, 'Without a Murmur,

Most of the Hardships Incidental to a Famine.'

THE PANJAB: A LAND OF MANY RIVERS, WIDESPREAD IRRIGATION, YET MUCH NEED:

The Misleading' Circular and the Twenty-eight Reporters Thereon.

Delhi Divisional Conference in 1888.

'The Standard of Living Nowhere Lower than in Gurgaon' (Mr. J. R. Machonachie).

Mr. Machonachie's Generalisation on the Situation.
What 'Daily Insufficiency of Food' Means.

Certain Fair-Sample Cases, with Life History of Families:
Case I., Case IV., Case VI.

Sir Mackworth Young Extremely Satisfied.

The Example of Feudatory State Rulers may need to be Imitated for Maintaining the Peasantry in Bad Years.'

Colonel Birch, Mr. O'Dywer, Ghulam Ahmad, and Ghulam Farid Khan as Reporters.

'People are Long-Suffering, but Indications Not Wanting' of Restiveness.

THE ASSIGNED DISTRICTS OF Berar:

'Famines are Unknown in Berar,' yet, in 1900, 126,000

People Died from Famine (official acknowledgment). A Small Farmer's Condition in Berar, as depicted by Mr. Leslie S. Saunders.

Average Production of Wheat Alleged to be 121 Bushels per Acre; only 21 Bushels Reaped. Population Actually 579,696 Short.

THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY:

Paucity of Particulars regarding 1881-82.

Grinding Poverty is the Widespread Condition of the
Masses.'

'No Considerable Proportion of the Population Suffer from
a Daily Insufficiency of Food in Ordinary Years'
(Madras Government).

What Cultivators Say as to Quantity of Produce taken as
Tax.

Dewan Bahadur Raghunath Row's Most Valuable Experi

ence.

If a Three-Quarter Crop only be Reaped, Government