Nature of Crop, and Number of Acres in each Crop, in all the Ionian Islands, since 1828. 1828.. 11162 24782 1475 1829.. 10976 25128 2323 1830.. 10462 24829 2708 1831.. 3362 32596 9938 1832.. 14382 38702 9935 1833.. 14002 36932 4659 1834.. 13605 33415 4475 1835.. 15825 31807 5450 1836.. 16137 37437 5492 13006 104523 49066 678 995 2723 7770 207810 292753 10306 202740 499340 11516 217569 484511 18378 235882 466198 30254 244167 457913 23676 238146 463934 31941 234024 444793 41274 296808 442016 44960 420151 442009 Description and Quantity of Produce and Stock in the Ionian Islands, since 1828.-[B. B.] 1828.. 1247 19074 12602 106699 81683 17695 10918 93728 74803 16079 10790 103160 60708 16356 10906 100741 73447 16607 12132 117040 82358 14673 10469 95449 75941 15275| 9660 92002 87627 14038 10521 102499 88210 43056 182151 11589 15135570 190366;240028 21894 93671|| 14225| 35695 60209 15719 48338 In the islands of Corfu and Zante, soap to the | val.; and 14 per cent. ad val. for repair of roads, &c.; value of about 12,000l. sterling is made and exported on wine, 6 do.; on soap, 8 do.; all other articles are annually; also considerable quantities of common free. earthenware. The other manufactures of the states are silk shawls, coarse linens, coarse woollen blankets, and goat-hair carpets and sacking. Agriculture is yet extremely rude, and the instruments of tillage as primitive probably as in the time of Ulysses. The olive is the principal product. The vine is generally planted in the plains and vallies, and corn on the declivities of the hills. The export duties are on oil and currants 18 per cent. ad [There is a Regent at each island with 300 to 400l. per an. each, and styled "Most Excellent ;" and 4 or 5 municipal magistrates with salaries of about 100%. per an. each. The president is styled "His Highness," and has a salary of 1500l. and a house: there are 5 senators styled "Most Excellent," with 7651. per an. each: the Legislative Assembly of 37 members have each 108!. per an., and the President of the Assembly 600l. per an.] CHAPTER IV.-HELIGOLAND. SECTION 1.-The island of Heligoland, in the North Sea, is situated in 54. 11. N. latitude and 7. 51. E. longitude of Greenwich, and is from 24 to 26 English miles distant from the mouths of the Elbe, the Eyder, the Weser and the Jahde. It is of considerable importance to vessels bound to these rivers, not only because its church and lighthouse are an admirable beacon, but also because ships may here be supplied with experienced and licensed pilots. II. In August 1714, the island was conquered from the Duke of Sleswick by the crown of Denmark, which retained possession of it till the 5th September, 1807, when it was occupied by the English, and in 1814 was formally ceded to Great Britain, under whose government it still continues. | III. The island, which is in the form of an acute angled triangle, is now only about one English mile in length from N. to S., one-third in breadth from E. to W., and two miles and one-third in circumference. It is certain that it was anciently of much greater extent, but there are no authentic records to determine how far it may have stretched into the sea and approached the continent. The island consists of the upper part, called the Oberland, and the lower, or Unterland, which lies in a south-easterly direction. The height of the Oberland, at its most elevated point on the western side, is 200 feet above the level of the sea, the eastern side being lower. The island is visible at a distance of 16 and 20 miles; its first appearance is very striking, Horses. and it increases in interest on a nearer approach. | amount so raised is principally by granting licenses to [For Geology, &c., see "Colonial Library," Vol. V.] IV. The climate is mild, and resembles that of the midland counties of England, the heat and cold being tempered by the sea breezes; the air is pure and very salubrious, whence Heligoland has been much frequented by visitors from all parts of Germany, Prussia, Poland and Russia, since the erection of the baths in 1826; they are considered by physicians as the most efficacious in the North sea. V. The number of inhabitants is 2,200; namely, 1,000 males, 1,200 females. In 1836-births, 52; marriages, 23; and deaths, 32. The population, which is increasing, is considerable for so small a spot, especially as many families have emigrated within the last 20 years from the want of employment at home. They are chiefly engaged in the fishery or navigation, and many also are brought up as pilots. There is a brewery and a distillery, and the number of mechanics and shopkeepers is commensurate to the wants of this small colony. The number of houses is 470. The Heligolanders are of Frisian origin, and speak a dialect of that language, but at church and in the school the High German alone is used. They are a tall and strong people, with handsome features and florid complexions; their habits are very simple, and their inactivity and fearfulness on shore as remarkable as their industry and daring courage at sea. VI. There is one church, St. Nicholas, built in 1685, situated in the Upper Town, capable of containing from 700 to 800 persons; about 250 generally attend. The clergyman receives 741. per annum, and has likewise a house found him, together with two pieces of ground, one 48 fathoms long and 27 broad, and the other 140 fathoms long and 13 feet broad. There is no chapel. The junior clergyman instructs the upper class in the school; the other two classes being taught by two schoolmasters. The total number of children in the schools is about 350. VII. There is one school, which is public, situated in the Upper Town, and contains 158 male and 162 female children. It is conducted by three masters; the head master receiving 747. per annum ; the second master, 30. per annum; and the third master, 20l. per annum. The school is supported by voluntary contributions, and a fixed sum of 5s. 4d. per annum for each child, which meets the expenses. VIII. There is a building used as a prison, situated near the top of the steps in the Upper Town, which contains four cells, but there have been no prisoners of any description this year. [B. B. 1836.] IX. By virtue of the capitulation concluded with Admiral Russel, in 1807, the inhabitants were permitted to retain their ancient constitutions and the Danish laws, an agreement which has been strictly adhered to. The affairs of the island are administered by a governor (at present Colonel Sir Henry King, Knight of the Guelphic Order), and under him is a court composed of six municipal councillors, who are chosen from among the inhabitants. The finances and police are superintended by 16 elders, and 8 ad. juncts, who with the municipal councillors constitute the government. X. The local revenues of this island, taking one year with another, are about 1607. per annum. The shopkeepers, pilots, and other persons following any trade or business to enable them to carry on their respective occupations; rating each person in proportion to the extent of his business. The expenditure of the island is about 1601. per annum. Its disbursements are principally for the payment of the interest of the island debt, for the erection and repairs of bulwarks, and for keeping in repair other buildings the property of the island. Estimate of the sum which will be required to defray the expense of the Civil Establishment of Heligoland, for the period from the 1st day of April, 1838, to the 31st day of March, 1839: Lieut.-Governor, 500l.; Clerk to Lieut.-Governor, 1367.; two Clergymen, at 50l., 1007.; Town Clerk, 604.; Signal Man, 601.; Buoy Keeper, 331.; Mail Carrier, 691.; Keeper of Blockhouse, 31.; total, 9637. This estimate is for the same amount as that for the preceding year. XI. There are eight or nine vessels of 50 or 60 tons each, which perform voyages to England, France, Norway, and the Baltic Sea; and about 60 open fishing boats of three or four tons, and small boats for the lobster fishing. XII. Prices of produce in 1836; Beef, 3d. per lb.; mutton, 3d. per lb.; Potatoes, 1s. per bushel; coffee, from 6d. to 1s. per lb.; tea, from 18. to 58. per lb. ; lump sugar, from 5d. to 8d. per lb. ; moist sugar, from 3d. to 4d. per lb.; coals, 18. 6d. per bushel. There are no manufactories, mills or works, &c. of any kind. There has been one ship built in the colony of 50 tons burthen. There are about 60 boats employed fishing for haddocks and lobsters; between 70,000 and 80,000 of the former and about 27,000 of the latter are caught annually, the whole of which are sent to Hamburgh and Bremen, with the exception of 7000 or 8000 lobsters annually sent to England; value of haddocks, 3,3337.; value of lobsters, 6751.; total, 4,008. There are no horses and only 6 horned cattle, 150 sheep, and 4 goats in the island. During the system of the continental exclusion from 1807 to 1814, the possession of Heligoland was of the utmost importance to the English Government, as it enabled them to watch all the motions of the enemy in the countries lying on the coast; and gave them the command of the mouths of the rivers which permitted them to protect the commerce of British subjects with the neighbouring states, while the island at the same time served as a depot for their goods, which were offered for sale, or sent to different parts of the Continent. At present Heligoland is of great service to navigation from its conspicuous lighthouse, from the able pilots who may always be obtained there, and from the anchorage it affords to shipping. This anchorage might be converted into an excellent harbour, which would afford shelter to merchantmen and the government steam-boats which touch at this island during the winter season to deliver the mails, which at the breaking up of the ice, are always forwarded by vessels of small draught. [A tract of about 5000 square miles on the North coast of the island of Borneo, the island of Fernando Po, Aden in the Red Sea, and Socotra island off Cape Gardafiui, have not been included in the Work.] THE END. 1827 8380833 £ £ £ 1814 9022309 6282226 339912 6622138 1815 8903260 6742451 453630 7196081 1816 7847895 4584509 268719 4853228 1817 8326926 6632708 382883 7015591 1818 8608790 5717216 272491 5989707 1819 8188539 4395215 297199 4692414 1820 8353706 4246783 314567 4561350 1821 8367477 4940609 370738 5311347 1822 8019765 4127052 243126 4370178 1823 8425276 4621589 285247 4906836 1824 9065546 4843556 324375 5167931 1825 7932829 4702249 295021 4997270 1826 8420454 3792453 255241 4047694 4685789 331586 5017375 1828 9496950 4134744 326298 4461042 1829 9087923 5162197 359059 5521256 1830 8599100 3749799 290878 4040677 1831 8447760 3729522 258764 3988286 1832 8138669 3813821 286605 4100426 1833 8008248 4401991 302189 4704180 1834 8411115 4494660 323986 4818646 1835 7541010 5575004 379298 5954302 1836 8072048 5792875 501580 6294455 1837 C.-An account of the value of all Exports to the British Colonies in the West Indies, and to the Mauritius for ten years, ending 5th of January, 1837, distinguishing the years and the colonies. Antigua Barbadoes Dominica L Grenada Jamaica Montserrat Nevis St. Christopher. St. Lucia. St. Vincent.. 98074 Tobago.. 54633 44398 Tortola.. Trinidad Bahamas. Bermudas Demerara Berbice.... Honduras 35227 55430 34251 410764 439773 50576 601781 52687 71588 96214 232394 182120 301630 Total of the Brit. W. Indies. 3914808 3616001 3971144 3129326 2840713 2726414 2899781 3004009 3566839 4288033 Mauritius 210209 199295 230007 180437 160460 187779 98235 192213 225149 315936 a 76326 45518 251470 212329 L L £ 124397 137135 139966 306681 335841 317634 39811 33760 27301 90883 118917 96345 80036 73722 69066 71720 75301 68894 17782941538769 18254091353359 1240438 1324675 1184856 1281239 1718768 1756503 9061 10240 8045 8647 7954 7571 3455 7075 8049 4290 15827 23673 22909 16404 12433 10245 12351 9661 22379 20688 76518 88748 76183 56593 40499 38748 43343 56173 59353 63728 36331 48079 40873 25020 17586 12127 14937 107404 103703 80423 69559 66653 67484 51664 58225 40737 5487 6518 3560 346212 306504 295392 164070 183645 43931 33450 41861 43210 18891 35877 39761 27942 57576 41515 534805 479531 541710 458194 387634 69425 63228 56316 242200 189919 295562 41469 87661 42303 43125 4335 1588 248604 44250 207246 30424 30784 D.-Imports, Exports, and Home Consumption of Sugar (in cwts.), and of the Revenue collected thereon, in each year since 1814, with the annual average prices and rates of duty for the same period; stated for the United Kingdom. IMPORTS. RAW SUGAR. EXPORTS. Total Export of Sugar, Raw for actual con sumption in the United Kingdom. British (reduced to its quantity of Raw Sugar.) 49849 581421 4212786 430817 125639 365889 4134335 385761 127052 192780 3880149 234996 125893 105916 3911161 142571 162395 138032 4075806 98512 205527 85837 4198515 58913 277228 162990 4209676 77057 269162 197037 4373166 9851 226371 112954 3774386 10657 219580 1826 4002426 186782 164822 175846 Years. 1827 3550918 204344 E. 4482578 208598 Considered as E. I. sugar in these years. 117985 42546 160329 371446 52321 4743414 12313 4850 4448267 11455 1750 RATES OF DUTY. British Plantation, *Including Sugar of Martinique and Guadaloupe, admitted for Home Consumption, under Act 53 Geo. 3. c. 62. + Drawback and Bounty allowed on Exportation to Foreign Parts, and Repayments on Over Entries, &c. Rates of duty on E. I. sugar, viz. of any British Possession within the limits of the E. I. C. charter, into which the importation of foreign sugar may (by Act 6 & 7 William IV.) be prohibited and imported from thence, per cwt., 17. 4s, Of any other British Possession within those limits and imported from thence, 17. 12s. 1 1 7 1 1 1 7 Foreign Plantation, Brown or Muscovado, duty per cwt. 1814, 37. 38.; 1815, 31. 38.; 1816, To 5 Sept. 31. 3s.; From 5 Sept. 31.; 1817, 37.; 1818, 37. 3s.; 1819, To 5 May, 31. 3s.; From 5 May to 5 Sept. 31. 18.; From 5 Sept. 31.; 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 37.; 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 31. 3s. N.B. Foreign Sugar was, during the under-mentioned periods, admitted to entry for the purpose of being refined, on payment of the following Rates of Duty:-From 1 June, 1827, 17. 98. per cwt.; From 28 July, 1828, to 5 July, 1830. If not of greater value than the average price of Sugar of the British Plantations in America, 17. 78. per cwt. And further in respect of every shilling by which it might exceed such average price, 9d. From 5 July, 1830, to 5 July, 1831. If not of greater value than the average price of Sugar of the British Plantations in America, il. 4s. per cwt. And further in respect of every shilling by which it might exceed such average price, 6d. Years. 1814 F.-SUGAR (CWTS.) IMPORTED INTO THE UNITed Kingdom FROM THE BRITISH WEST INDIA POSSESSIONS. 1448331 234393, 9914 142435 120571 208230 225405 214492 79664 34274 157023 122067 54012 35067 14909 3100787 1815 1593217 322100| 8318 153651 120891 231883 231815 196746 72320 44116 160655 141338 55224 24510 24103 3380887 1816 1389412 323444 15308 132893 139158 266056 263433 288623 69831 47035 197300 124758 71656 28981 51094 3408982 1817 1717260 377796 14159 128434 132388 196959 242413 239723 56401 31678 179371 125978 45852 31214 42932 3562558 1818 1653318 420186 17764 138154 112931 220959 254446 249077 42006 33820 228308 130218 82369 36920 43573 3664049 1819 1614347 480933 29967 166581 132544 204565 262034 282546 78720 42897 209395 141501 63154 37168 86422 3832774 1820 1769125 536561 37696 156043 109195 184552 216680 179951 50220 45933 162573 89502 36395 32815 15225 3622466 1821 1679721 492146 53258 162257 108244 216368 233418 211372 77971 38120 207548 128436 66023 33283 23460 3731625 1822 1413718 530948 55358 178491 120726 199178 261160 156682 92661 41650 102938 89682 31696 27071 22170 3304129 1823 1417747 607858 56000 186892 113015 247370 232575 314630 62148 39014 135466 76181 44214 24466 21583 3580159 1824 1451332 615991 64609 180094 123868 227014 246821 245829 73100 42330 222207 132585 40734 30649 20559 3717722 1825 1115366 650276 58274 188927 111350 209985 257800 278346 82363 38036 142901 78658 49770 19653 13670 3795375 1826 1500860 448487 46444 206638 121598 229459 271858 247720 85073 45654 244514 107832 73567 30482 21589 3681575 1827 1211075 711959 87972 239585 71339 197796 250834 203853 79046 41342 75631 92226 32330 19708 20761 3335457 1828 1363974 717165 85154 265703 123344 269879 288062 338855 83246 49956 176966 121206 46182 25091 13275 3958056 1829 1386392 778805 86814 292833 90633 218469 258285 270860 79925 56319 156658 127093 51848 27238 22211 3764383 1830 1379348 780286 110967 204987 93473 213160 261551 336881 86791 60063 158611 133452 54236 20646 17099 3941551 1831 1395893 735616 122088 240765 121249 185680 221662 322779 50234 50339 169032 101968 49923 26137 15559 3808924 1832 1431689 736536 137457 312265 100100 188231 186812 266464 47965 58270 143336 80602 39843 20855 14999 3773424 1833 1256991 754122 101736 286303 86527 204074 194889 384971 46548 47371 129519 80390 42287 15507 14969 3646204 1834 1256253 687282 90699 339615 79018 194543 213016 394527 63306 54876 257177 105355 59748 26630 21926 3843971 1835 1148760 760376 126485 289393 77260170280 195057 344689 54744 25013 174818 87614 39637 16262 13821 3524209 1836 1054042 864134 213714 312141 117643 156311 186482 373428 38084 35213 135482 64418 24723 12152 13510 3601477 1837 904300 792852150536|295367 90803 161922 201191 445713 51430 33724 62170 73270 24269 5695 13534 3306776 G.-Average Prices of Sugars. Rates of Tares allowed on West India Sugar imported into Great Britain.-From Jamaica, Grenada, Tobago, St. Vincent, and St. Kitt's, hogsheads, from 8 to 12 cwt. I cwt. 7 lbs. ; from 12 to 15, 1 cwt. 1 qrs. 12 lbs.; from 15 to 17, 1 cwt. 2 qrs.; from 17 and upwards, I cwt. 2 qrs. 14 lbs. From Dominica, Antigua, Nevis, Montserrat, and Trinidad, hogsheads, from 8 to 12 cwt., 1 cwt. 7 lbs. ; from 12 to 15, 1 cwt. 1 qrs. 4 lbs.; from 15 to 17, 1 cwt. I qrs. 21 lbs.; from 17 and upwards, 1 cwt. 2 qrs. |