going steam ship," or "home-trade passenger steam ship," can obtain a clearance or transire, or legally proceed to sea, from any port in the United Kingdom, unless in the case of a foreign-going steam ship of 100 nominal horse-power or upwards, the first and second engineers, and in the case of a foreign-going steam ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or a home-trade passenger steam ship, the first or only engineer (as the case may be), have obtained and possess valid certificates either of competency or service appropriate to their several stations in such steam ship, or of a higher grade.

30. Every person who, having been engaged to serve as first or second engineer in a foreign-going steam ship of 100 nominal horsepower and upwards, or as first or only engineer in a foreign-going steam ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or in a hometrade passenger steam ship, goes to sea as such first, second, or only engineer, without being at the time entitled to and possessed of such a certificate as the Act requires, or who employs any person as first or second engineer in a foreign-going steam ship of 100 nominal horse-power and upwards, or as first or only engineer in a foreign-going steam ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or a home-trade passenger steam ship, without ascertaining that he is at the time entitled to and possessed of such certificate, for each offence incurs a penalty not exceeding 501.

31. The certificates of engineers are of two descriptions, viz., certificates of competency and certificates of service; and for each description of certificate there are two grades, viz., "first-class engineer's certificates," and "second-class engineer's certificates."

32. Certificates of competency will be granted to those persons who pass the requisite examinations, and otherwise comply with the requisite conditions. For this purpose examiners have been appointed by the Board of Trade, and arrangements have been made for holding the examinations in the places and at the times named in column 3 of the Table marked A. appended hereto. The examiners are selected generally from the engineer surveyors of the port; but no engineer surveyor is to undertake the duty unless he receives special instructions from the Board of Trade.

33. The application for examination is to be made on a form. The same rules are to be observed by engineers in making application to be examined, in paying the fees, and in forwarding testimonials, as in the case of applications by masters and mates. See foregoing pars. 4 and 5.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

34. SECOND-CLASS ENGINEER.-A candidate for a second-class engineer's certificate must be 21 years of age;

(a.) He must have served an apprenticeship to an engineer, or prove that for not less than three years he has been employed in some factory or workshop on the making or repairing of engines; and must also have served one year at sea in the engine-room; or

(b.) He must have served at least four years at sea in the engine-room. (c.) He must be able to give a description of boilers, and the methods of staying them, together with the use and management of the different valves, cocks, pipes, and connections.

(d.) He must understand how to correct defects from accident, decay, &c., and the means of repairing such defects. (e.) He must understand the use of the barometer, thermometer, hydrometer, and salinometer.

(f.) He must state the causes, effects, and usual remedies for incrustation and corrosion.

(g.) He must be able to state how a temporary or permanent repair could be effected in case of derangement of a part of the machinery, or total break down.

(h.) He must write a legible hand, and understand the first five rules of arithmetic, and decimals.

(i.) He must be able to pass a creditable examination as to the various constructions of paddle and screw engines in general use; as to the details of the different working parts external and internal, with the use of each part.

35. FIRST-CLASS ENGINEER.-A candidate for a first-class engineer's certificate must be 22 years of age.

In addition to the qualification required for a second-class engineer,

(a.) He must either possess, or be entitled to a first-class engineer's certificate of service; or in the event of his not being so possessed or entitled he must have served for one year with a second-class engineer's certificate of competency.

(b.) He must be able to make rough working drawings of the different parts of the engines and boilers.

(c.) He must also be able to take off and calculate indicator diagrams.

(d.) He must be able to calculate safety-valve pressures, and the strength of the boiler.

(e.) He must be able to state the general proportions borne by the principal parts of the machinery to each other. (f.) He must be able to explain the method of testing and altering the setting of the slide valves, and of testing the fairness of the paddle and screw shafts and of adjusting them.

(g.) He must be conversant with surface condensation, superheating, and the working of steam expansively.

(h.) His knowledge of arithmetic must include the mensuration of superficies and solids, and the extraction of the square

root.

An EXTRA FIRST CLASS CERTIFICATE may be obtained by those desirous of passing a higher examination.

GENERAL RULES AS TO EXAMINATIONS AND FEES.

36. The examination will be partly viva voce, and partly by examination papers. It will be directed specially to the above points, and to the duties and business of an engineer generally.

If the candidate passes the viva voce examination creditably, a set of questions will be given to work out.

He will be allowed to work out these questions according to the methods he is accustomed to use, and will be allowed five hours to perform the work; at the expiration of which time, if he has not finished, he will be declared to have failed, unless the Local Marine Board see fit to extend the time.

A report of the examination, and the examination papers, will be forwarded to the Board of Trade on the form.

37. The fee for examination must be paid to the superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office. If a candidate fail in his examination, half the fee he has paid will be returned to him by the superintendent on his producing the form which will be given him by the examiner. The fees are as follow:

38. If the applicant passes he will receive a form from the examiner, which will entitle him to receive his certificate of competency from the superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office at the port to which he has directed it to be forwarded. If his testimonials have been sent to the registrar to be verified, they will be returned with his certificate.

39. If an applicant is examined for the higher grade, and fails, but passes an examination of the lower grade, he may receive a certificate accordingly, but no part of the fee will be returned.

40. In all cases of complete failure the candidate must be reexamined de novo, but he cannot be allowed to be re-examined until after a lapse of three months, either at the port of examination or elsewhere.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR CERTIFICATES OF SERVICE.

41. Every person who, before the 1st of April, 1862, had served as either first engineer in a British foreign-going steam ship of 100 nominal horse-power and upwards, or who has attained or attains the rank of engineer in the service of Her Majesty or of the late East India Company, is entitled to a first-class engineer's certificate of service; and every person who, before the above-mentioned date, has served as second engineer in any foreign-going steam ship of 100 nominal horse-power or upwards, or as first or only engineer in any other steam ship, or who has attained or attains the rank of

first-class assistant engineer in the service of Her Majesty, is entitled to a second-class engineer's certificate of service.

Application for certificates of service must be made on the printed form, to be obtained free of charge of the Registrar-General of Seamen, Adelaide Place, London Bridge, London, or of the superintendent of any Mercantile Marine Office.

ABERDEEN*.
BELFAST.

BRISTOL*

CORK.

DUBLIN

DUNDEE*

GLASGOW*

GREENOCK

HULL*

LEITH*

LIVERPOOL*

LONDON*

NEWCASTLE*

SHIELDS*

For Masters and Mates.
2.

First and third Friday in each month.
1st and 3rd Tuesday in each month.
1st and 3rd Tuesday in each month.
2nd and 4th Monday in each month.
1st and 3rd Thursday in each month.
Saturday in each week.
Thursdays; held alternately at each
place.

2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month.
2nd Tuesday and 3rd Saturday in each
month.

Every week-Monday and Tuesday
"Foreign Trade; Thursday and
Friday Home Trade Passenger"
and "Foreign Trade."

The examination in Navigation com-
mences every Monday, and the
examination in Seamanship takes
place as soon as the Navigation
examination is finished. Masters'
voluntary examination in Steam
held on Friday in each week.
1st day of each month, not being
Sunday.

11th and 26th of each month from
October to May, both inclusive; the
11th of each of the remaining
months of the year.

SUNDERLAND. 6th and 21st of each month from

PLYMOUTH.

October to May, both inclusive;
the 20th of each of the remaining
months of the year.

1st and 3rd Wednesday in each month.

* At these places extra Examinations are held.

The Days of Fxamination to be ascertained by application to the Superintendent of Mercantile Marine Office.

3.

MACHINERY FOR

CHAPTER VI.

ENFORCING THE LAWS AND

TIONS RELATING TO MASTERS AND CREWS.

REGULA

Indentures of Parish and Ordinary Apprentices to the Sea Service. Registry of Apprentices. General Register and Record Office of Seamen.

ALTHOUGH the law which obliged owners to maintain apprentices, in certain numbers for tonnage, and under a certain age when bound, is repealed; whenever the apprentices are bound to the sea-service, the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act must be complied with as to the mode of binding; and superintendents of Mercantile Marine Offices have been directed to supply the form of indenture, sanctioned by the Board of Trade, and to assist by all the means in their power the procuration of apprentices. It is very important, now that sufficient time and attention can be afforded to the matter, that these boys shall be selected from a good source, and security taken that they serve out the term of their indenture. The schools of Greenwich Hospital should always be resorted to when opportunity offers, and preference given to the boys obtained from that excellent establishment. Being well grounded in the rudiments of navigation, they soon become of value to their employers, and are in general faithful to their engagements and, with proper treatment and couragement, experience proves that they turn out talented and accomplished mariners, many of them commanding ships with credit to themselves and profit to their owners. On no account should boys from reformatories be admitted into the sea-service; the most incorrigible and irreclaimable are always consigned, and the presence of these pollute the service at its source, and degrade it in the eyes of respectable people. As the law respecting the binding of parish apprentices is now

en