Courts should be at any time established in Tunis victuals and provisions as they may require, for with the assent and approval of Her Majesty's which they shall receive payment. For their Government, in that case all civil and commer-friendly aid and services in protecting, saving, cial suits and disputes arising between British and Tunisian subjects shall be heard and determined by such Mixed Courts and Tribunals, according to the rules and procedure that may be agreed upon between the Contracting Parties. ART. XXVI. The cognizance of crimes committed by British subjects in the Tunisian territory, as well as all contraventions of the police, and other regulations, shall devolve upon the Consul-General or Consul; and the punishment thereof shall be applied by the said ConsulGeneral or Consul, in concurrence with His Highness the Bey. In case the criminal or offender should escape from the Consular, or other prison, the Consul-General or Consul shall not be held responsible in any manner whatsoever. ART. XXVII. No quittance or receipt presented by a British subject to a Court, purporting to be a discharge of a debt which he has contracted towards a Tunisian subject, shall be held as a legal and a valid discharge, unless he can show that such quittance or receipt is under the handwriting, seal, or signature of the Tunisian subject, or duly executed by native notaries, and attested by the Cadi or the Governor of the place. And in like manner no quittance or receipt presented by a Tunisian subject, purporting to be a discharge of a debt which he has contracted towards a British subject, shall be held as a legal and valid discharge of his debt, unless he can show that such quittance or discharge is under the handwriting, signature, or mark of the British subject, duly attested by the Consul, or unless the discharge is drawn up by two notaries and attested by the British Consul. ART. XXVIII. Should any Tunisian subject be found guilty before the Tunisian Courts of procuring false evidence to the injury or prejudice of a British subject, he shall be severely punished by the Tunisian Government. In like manner, the competent British Consular authorities shall severely punish, according to English law, any British subject who may be convicted of the same offence against a Tunisian subject. ART. XXIX. If, at any time, Her Majesty's Agent and Consul General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, should require the assistance of soldiers, guards, armed boats, or other aid for the purpose of arresting or transporting any British subject, the Tunisian authorities shall immediately comply with the demand, on payment of the usual fees given on such occasions by Tunisian snbjects. ART. XXX. If a ship belonging to the Queen of Great Britain, or to any of her subjects, should be wrecked or stranded on any part of the coast of the Regency of Tunis, the Tunisian authorities within whose jurisdiction the accident may occur shall, in accordance with the rules of friendship, respect her and assist her in all her wants. They shall allow and enable the master to take such steps as he may think necessary or desirable, and shall take immediate steps for the protection of her crew and of her cargo, and of any goods, papers, or other articles which may be saved from her at the time of the wreck or afterwards; and, moreover, they shall lose no time in informing the nearest British authority of the accident. They shall deliver over to him, without exception or loss, all the cargo, goods, papers, and articles which have been saved and preserved from the wreck, and they shall likewise furnish the master and the crew of the wrecked ship with such preserving, and restoring to the British Consular authorities the goods and contents saved through their exertions from the wrecked vessel, or any portion thereof, they shall be entitled to such an amount of salvage as Her Majesty's Agent and Consul-General and the Chief Tunisian authority on the spot shall judge a fair compensation for their services. The master and crew shall be at liberty to proceed to any place they please, and at any time they may think proper, without any hindrance. In like manner, the ships of His Highness the Bey, or of Tunisian subjects, shall be assisted and protected in the dominions of the Queen of Great Britain as though they were British ships, and shall be subject only to the same lawful charges of salvage to which British ships, under similar circumstances, are liable. ART. XXXI Should, however (which God forbid), the crew or any portion of the crew of a wrecked or stranded British vessel be murdered by the natives, or its cargo, or any part of its cargo or contents, be stolen by them, the Tunisian Government binds itself to take the most prompt and energetic measures for seizing the marauders or robbers, in order to proceed to their severe punishment. It, moreover, engages to make the most diligent search for the recovery and restitution of the stolen property; and whatever compensation for the damage done to individuals or to their effects, under similar circumstances, is granted, or may hereafter be granted to the subjects of the most favoured nation, or the equivalent of it, shall be also accorded to the subjects of the Queen of Great Britain. ART. XXXII. It is agreed and covenanted that if any of the crew of Her Majesty's ships of war or of British merchant-vessels, of whatever nationality they may be, borne on the papers of said ships, shall desert within any port in the Regency of Tunis, the authorities of such port or territory shall be bound to give every assistance in their power for the apprehension of such deserters, on the application of the British authority. In like manner, if any of the crew of the ships of His Highness the Bey, or of Tunisian merchantvessels, not being slaves, shall desert in any of the ports or harbours, within the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, the authorities of such ports or harbour shall give every assistance in their power for the apprehension of such deserters on the application of the Commanding Officer, Captain, or any other shall protect or harbour such deserters. Tunisian authority, and no person whatsoever ART. XXXIII. The ships of war belonging to Her Majesty the Queen, and the ships belonging to His Highness the Bey, shall have free liberty to use the ports of each country for washing, cleansing, and repairing any of their defects, and to buy for their use any sort of provisions alive or dead, or any other necessaries, at the market price, without paying custom to any officer. And it is moreover agreed that, whenever any of Her Majesty's ships of war shall arrive in the Bay of Tunis, and shall fire a salute of twentyone guns, the Castle of the Goletta, or the Tunisian ships of war, shall return the same number of guns as the Royal salute to Her Majesty's colours, according to ancient usage. ART. XXXIV. The Government of the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in consideration of the sincere friend- | ship that has at all times existed between Her Majesty and His Highness the Bey, agrees that Tunisian ships and cargoes shall be received at the ports and harbours of the British dominions upon the same footing as British vessels and cargoes. ART. XXXV. British vessels arriving in any of the Tunisian ports for the purpose of trade or by reason of stress of weather, or to repair damages, shall not be compelled to discharge their cargoes or any portion of their cargoes, and they shall not be made to change their destination or to receive any passengers on board unless it be with their own free will, but they shall be respected, and they shall be allowed to depart without any hindrance. Should they be compelled to land their cargoes, or a portion thereof, in order to effect repairs, they shall also be mitted to re-embark such goods free of any duty or charge whatsoever. per Tunisian vessels shall receive the like friendly treatment in ports and harbours of the British dominions. ART. XXXVI. If any British subject should die in any place or territory appertaining to His Highness the Bey, no Governor or other Tunisian officer shall, on any pretence whatsoever, take possession or dispose of, or interfere with the goods and property of the deceased, but such goods and property, of whatever description, may be taken possession of by his heirs, or by the British Consular authority, without any hindrance or impediment whatsoever on the part of such Governor or Tunisian officer. If, however, a British subject should die at a place where there is no British Consul, or whilst travelling, in such a case the Tunisian authorities of the place where he died shall be bound to preserve and protect his goods and effects: they shall make, with the assistance of notaries, a faithful inventory of them, which inventory they shall lose no time in sending to the nearest Governor of a place where an English Consul resides. Should the deceased British subject leave behind him debts due from him to a native, the Consul-General or his deputy shall assist the creditor in the recovery of his claim upon the estate of the deceased; and, likewise, if the deceased should leave behind debts due to him from Tunisians, the Governor, or those who have such power, shall compel the debtors to pay what is due by them to the Consul-General or his deputy, for the benefit of the estate of the deceased. ART. XXXVII. The British Government and His Highness the Bey, moved by sentiments of humanity and having regard to the free institutions which, under Providence, their respective countries happily enjoy, mutually engage to do all in their power for the suppression of slavery. Whilst on the one part, the British Government engage not to relax their efforts with friendly powers for the prevention of the barbarous traffic in human beings, and for the emancipation of slaves, His Highness the Bey especially engages, on the other, to cause the Declaration of Moharem, 1262 (January 23, 1846), abolishing for ever slavery in the Regency, to be obeyed and respected, and to use his utmost efforts to discover and punish all persons within his Regency who contravene or act contrary thereto. ART. XXXVIII. The British Government and His Highness the Bey engage to do all in their power for the suppression of piracy; and His Highness especially engages to use his utmost efforts to discover and punish all persons on his coasts or within his territory who may be guilty of that crime, and to aid the British Government in so doing. ART. XXXIX. Privateering is now and for ever abolished: His Highness the Bey being desirous to maintain inviolable the neutrality of the Regency of Tunis, it has been established and agreed that, in case of war or hostilities, he shall not permit the enemies of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain to fit out privateers in the ports of the Regency, or to sail from them to prey upon the ships and commerce of her subjects; and it is moreover established that His Highness shall not permit or tolerate in the Regency of Tunis the sale of any prize whatsoever which shall have belonged or may belong to the belligerents. The Queen of Great Britain will cause to be observed the same rules of neutrality towards Tunisian ships and subjects in all the seaports of Her Majesty's dominions. ART. XL. In order that the two Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective people, it is agreed that at any time after the expiration of seven years from the date of the present Convention of Commerce and Navigation, either of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to call upon the other to enter upon a revision of the same; but until such revision shall have been accomplished by common consent, and a new Convention shall have been concluded and put into operation, the present Convention shall continue and remain in full force and effect. ART. XLI. If any doubt should arise with regard to the interpretation or the application of any of the stipulations of the present Convention, it is agreed that in Tunis the interpretation the most favourable to British subjects shall be given, and in Her Majesty's dominions that most favourable to Tunisians. It is not pretended by any of the foregoing Articles to stipulate for more than the plain and fair construction of the terms employed, nor to preclude in any manner the Tunisian Government from the exercise of its rights of internal Administration where the exercise of those rights does not evidently infringe upon the privileges accorded by the present Convention to British subjects or British commerce. ART. XLII. The stipulations of the present Convention shall come into immediate operation and shall be substituted for the stipulations of all preceding Treaties between Great Britain and Tunis, with the exception of the Convention of the 10th of October, 1863, already referred to in Article XVII. preceding, which is renewed and confirmed. This Convention has been written in triplicate, consisting in forty-two Articles, besides the introduction, and contained in the preceding fortythree pages, to be signed by both parties, and to be executed in the manner explained and clearly set forth in its several provisions, having for object the duration, confirmation, and maintenance of amity between them. Dated Monday, the sixteenth day of Gumadel-Thany, 1292 of the Hegira, corresponding to the nineteenth of July, 1875. (L.S.) RICHARD WOOD. (L.S.) MUHAMMAD AS-SADIG PASHA, Bey. The Commercial Treaty between this country and Guatemala, having been denounced by the latter, expired in 1874. We are glad to see that a series of very useful publications is in the course of issue by Mr. Edward Hertslet, C.B., illustrative of the treaties, &c., regulating our trade with foreign countries. The two parts that have already appeared, referring to Austria and Turkey, are no ordinary boon to the commercial public, especially at this time, and we trust that we may soon be favoured by the same high authority with similar information as to our commercial relations with other states. TREATY PORTS. See CHINA and SHANGHAI in this Supplement, and AмOY, CANTON, FOOCHOW, HANKOW, KIU-KIANG, NINGPO, and SHANGHAI in Dictionary. TRIESTE. The following table, extracted from the Report of Mr. Consul Burton dated Dec. 1874, indicates a decline in the trade of this port, which decline would appear to be attributable chiefly to the want of enterprise in regard to the formation of railways northwards from Trieste, and other means of increasing its attractiveness for commerce. Table showing the Number and Tonnage of all Vessels that Entered and Cleared at Trieste during each year of the last 5 years. The value of the Imports into Trieste from Great Britain and her Colonies is greater than that from any other nation, and was 4,259,945l., in 1873, as against 4,886,6827., in 1872. The exports from Trieste to Great Britain and her colonies in 1873 were valued at 845,0937., having gradually fallen from 2,183,8807., in 1869. TRINITY HOUSE. [See PILOTS AND PILOTAGE AND SHIPS.] TRUCK. By the Hosiery Manufacture Wages Act of 1848, it is enacted that the wages of artificers in this trade are to be paid without deduction or stoppage of any description. TURKEY. See articles in Dictionary, last edition, viz. CONSTANTINOPLE, SALONICA, SMYRNA, and TREBIZOND. [See also Statement of Trade of Turkey with the United Kingdom under CONSTANTINOPLE and SMYRNA in this Supplement.] TURPENTINE. [OILS.] TYNE. See article Docks, in Dictionary. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The annexed Table, while showing the steadily increasing value of our Imports from the United States, exhibits the fluctuation in the past 3 years in the supplies of provisions and cotton sent hither. Bacon and Hams Beef, salted Butter Cheese Clocks Corn, Wheat Fruit, Hops or Manufactured Lard Articles 1872 1873 1874 £ 3,458,550 £ 5,191,901 £ 4,477,941 277,517 378,112 408,411 Cotton, Raw Iron and Steel, Wrought Naphtha (Crude) Pork, Salted Sawn or Split All other articles [See also BOSTON, GALVESTON, NEW ORLEANS, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA. TARIFF.] UNSEAWORTHY. [See SEAWORTHY.] VENDOR. [PURCHASER.] VENICE. The rapidly-reviving trade of this port is worthy of remark, and is chiefly attributable to her intercourse with India, China, and Japan through the Suez Canal. Thus, in 1873 the total value of her imports and exports was 245,939,940 livres, while in 1872 their value was 169,724,346, showing an excess in 1873 of 76,215,594 livres or 3,048,6231. The total number of ships which entered the Port of Venice in 1873 was 2,647, of 469,310 tons, of which 180 ships of 165,180 tons were British. The amount of British shipping which entered the port in 1874 exceeded that of 1873 by 22 ships and 13,985 tons; whilst the amount, in 1873, exceeded that of 1872 by 14 ships and 35,635 tons. The improving and deepening of the harbour and channel leading to the sea, at Malamocco, are continued unremittingly, and large vessels can now come up to the city without lightening their cargoes. The graving docks and patent slip are advancing. The abolition of the Free Port of Venice on January 1st, 1874, does not appear to have checked the progress of trade to the extent that many persons feared. (Vice-Consul Valentine and Consul Smallwood's Reports of June, 1874, and March, 1875.) VERMICELLI. Customs duty on,repealed 1869. VICTORIA. The following table of the declared value of the exports of British and Irish Produce to this Australian Colony during each of the six years ending with 1874 is instructive, inasmuch as it shows how the protective system adopted by Victoria has impeded the increase of her dealings with the mother country. While this branch of the trade of Victoria was not very materially greater in 1874 than in 1869, the annual value of the exports of British produce to New Zealand had more than doubled in the same interval, and to New South Wales had increased more than 20 per cent. The value of the gold (in specie) exported from Victoria was 5,197,3407. in 1872, as against 6,590,9627. in 1871. Exclusive of bullion, our imports from Victoria, chiefly wool, were valued as follows in the undermentioned years, viz. :— 1869 1870 1871 1872 1875 VINEGAR. See CUSTOMS. £ 5,372,208 5,781,911 5,344,015 5,982,871 5,743,141 WAGES. The attachment of wages is abolished in England by the Wages Attachment Abolition Act of 1870; and the Wages Arrestment Limitation (Scotland) Act of 1870 provides that only that portion of the wages of labourers, farm servants, manufacturers, artificers, and work-people, which is in excess of 20s. per week, shall be liable to arrestment for debt. 6 WAREHOUSING. The Customs and Excise Warehousing Act of 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 103), after explaining the terms foreign spirits,' 'wine,' and 'British spirits,' and distinguishing Excise warehouses' from 'Customs warehouses,' provides, by clause 4, for the warehousing of foreign spirits, and wine in bond in Excise warehouses, and for the moving the same from one Customs or Excise warehouse to another, or for exportation, or for ships' stores, or on payment of customs for home consumption. The following is a new scale of charges on delivery of goods for home consumption, the old scale having been repealed, viz. :— Scale of Charges on Delivery of Goods for Home Consumption from Customs and Excise Warehouses.-There shall be charged upon the goods hereinafter mentioned upon the delivery of the same for home consumption from any customs or excise warehouse, in addition to the duties of customs or excise payable in respect of such goods, and any other charges thereon, the rates following for every full sum of one hundred pounds, and in proportion for any fractional part of one hundred pounds of the amount of such duties, namely :— For Goods liable to Duties of Customs. In respect of tobacco £ s. d. 26 7838 For Goods liable to Duties of Excise. In respect of British compounded spirits £ s. d. - 0 5 0 and such rates shall be deemed to be duties of customs or excise according as the same become payable in respect of goods delivered from a customs or excise warehouse. Clause 13 makes special provision for the warehousing and testing of British liqueurs, whereof the strength cannot be ascertained by the hydrometer. WATCHES. Plate license unnecessary for the sale of watch-cases by the maker, 33 & 34 Vict. c. 32 s. 4. WATER. By the Gas and Water Facilities Act of 1870 the Board of Trade is authorised, after certain preliminaries, to issue provisional orders, to any local authority, such as described in the Act, for all or any of the following purposes: 2. To construct or to maintain and continue waterworks and works connected therewith, or to supply water in any district within which there is not an existing company, corporation, body of Parliament to construct such works and to supply Commissioners, or persons empowered by Act of water: 3. To raise additional capital necessary for any of the purposes aforesaid: 4. To enable two or more companies or persons district or in adjoining districts to enter into agreeduly authorised to supply gas or water in any ments jointly to furnish such supply, or to amalgamate their undertakings: 5. To authorise two or more companies or persons supplying gas or water in any district or in adjoining districts to manufacture and supply gas or to supply water, and to enter into agreements jointly to furnish such supply, and to amalgamate their undertakings. [GAS and PASSENGERS.] COIN for statement of the standard weight of each WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. See article denomination of coin as fixed by the Coinage Act of 1870. By Order in Council of 24th March, 1871, the fol lowing Imperial measures of capacity, which have been constructed and duly verified and authenticated in the Standards Department of the Board of Trade, and their capacity accurately determined in relation to the Imperial standard visions of Section 6 of the Act 5 George IV., cap. measure of capacity established under the pro74, are declared to be legal secondary standards of capacity, in pursuance of Sections 6 and 8 of "The Standards of Weights, Measures, and Coinage Act, 1866," viz. :— Imperial Standard Measures of Capacity. Liquid Measure.-The quarter gill, equal to gallon. Liquid Measures of grain weights of distilled water.-Measures containing respectively the following weight in grains of distilled water, at the temperature of 62° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighed in air at the temperature of 62° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, the barometer being at 30 inches; viz. : 7,000, 4,000, 2,000, 1,000 grains. Cubic Inch Measures.-Measures containing respectively the following number of cubic inches of distilled water, at the temperature of 62° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighed in air, by brass weights, as provided by Section 5 of the Act 5 George IV., cap. 74; viz. : at one revolution or complete action of the meter. A test wet gas-meter, known as a 100-light meter, to pass five cubic feet of gas or air at one revolution or complete action of the meter. A test dry gas-meter, known as a 20-light meter, to pass half a cubic foot of gas or air at one revolution or complete action of the meter. A test dry gas-meter, known as a 100-light meter, to pass two and a half cubic feet of gas or air at one revolution or complete action of the meter. Together with the following Imperial measures of length, which have been constructed and duly verified and authenticated in the Standards Department of the Board of Trade, and their length accurately determined in relation to the Imperial standard yard legalized by an Act passed in the 28th and 29th year of Her Majesty's reign, cap. 82; viz.:Measures of Length. 10 feet, divided into feet. 6 feet divided into feet. 5 feet or yard, divided into feet, and nails or sixteenths. 2 feet, divided into feet and inches. 1 foot, divided into inches, and further into duodenary, decimal, and binary parts of an inch. Now, therefore, in pursuance and by virtue of the said recited sections of "The Standards of Her Majesty, by and with the advice of her Weights, Measures, and Coinage Act, 1870," Privy Council, is pleased to order, and it is of capacity shall be legal secondary standards of hereby declared, that the said Imperial measures capacity, and the said Imperial measures of length shall be legal secondary standards of length, from and after the time when this Order shall have been duly published in the London Gazette, pursuant to the said Act. WHEAT. Duty on, repealed in 1869. The following tables show the value of the wheat and wheat-flour imported into the United Kingdom in each of the 5 years ending with 1874. Account of the Quantities of Wheat and Wheat Meal and Flour, and of other kinds of Grain, imported into the United Kingdom from each country during each of the 6 years ending with 1874. Wheat-Total of Grain and Flour in equivalent Weight of Grain (1 cwt. of wheat flour=1 cwt. of wheat in grain). |