The population of Liverpool in 1871 was | navigable passage of not less tha 493,346. feet, and where the navigable LLOYD'S. [INSURANCE, MARINE.] In Thorn-between a tier of vessels and the bury's Old and New London,' pp. 509-510, it is hereby allotted for any such pa mentioned that after the Fire of London, and reckoned from the vessel in such destruction of the Exchange, the Underwriters be nearest to the said shore to met in a room in Cornhill, and thence they re- mark on the said shore, and in moved to a coffee-house in Lombard Street, kept river where the navigable passage by a person named Lloyd, where intelligence of stream between tiers of vessels th vessels was collected and made public. The for the navigable passage shall be early history of Lloyd's List is also referred to the vessel in each of the said tier thus: In a copy of Lloyd's List, No. 996, still other or opposite tier. extant, dated Friday, June 7, 1745, and quoted Number of vessels to be by Mr. Effingham Wilson, it is stated: "This respective tiers.-5. The several List, which was formerly published once a colliers shall be placed as near to week, will now continue to be published every shores of the river as the depth of Tuesday and Friday, with the addition of the permit, and no more colliers or v Stocks, Course of Exchange, &c. Subscriptions moored and distributed thereat at are taken at 3s. per quarter, at the bar of Lloyd's than the number hereinafter respec Coffee-house, in Lombard Street."' Lloyd's List and allotted, that is to say :must therefore have commenced about 1726, if the previous issue had been uniformly once a week. LOAD-LINE. [SEAWORTHY.] LONDON. For a description of the various docks on the Thames, see article Docks in the Dictionary. The value of the exports in 1874 from the port of London of the produce of the United Kingdom was 60,232,1187., as against 57,199,0987. in 1873. The chief articles of import were cocoa, coffee, corn, fruit, jute, hides, petroleum, provisions, rice, silk, spirits, sugar, tea, tobacco, wine, and wool.. The amount of customs duties collected at the port of London in 1874 was 9,506,7217. In 1874 there entered the port of London from foreign countries and British possessions and coastwise, 43,847 vessels of 8,337,408 tons, and in the same year 18,763 vessels of 5,195,884 tons cleared out. [IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.] Account of the number of Vessels which entered the Port of London from Foreign Ports in 1873 and 1874, and the Amount of their Tonnage. (Extracted from 19th Customs Report.) 11,017 4,547,934 11,503 4,763,571 6 ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF TH Princes Stairs, upper tier, te lower tier, te upper tier, te lower tier, tv upper tier, tv lower tier, tw tw fou eig ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE Bell Wharf tier Stone Stairs tier Ratcliffe Cross, upper tier, six Ratcliffe Cross, lower tier, six mentioned not more than one hal At all the said tiers or stations number of vessels so allotted and s be moored with their heads up t more than one half of the said num with their heads down the river. 'Number of colliers to be moored stations.-6. No more vessels shall permitted to remain at or in the sev for colliers below Blackwall, at one the number herein respectively speci to say), ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE Station No. 1, from Black- Hole seventyStation No. 2, Galleons, fifteen v 'No vessel to remain longer than fif 7. No vessel shall under circumsta any out an order or consent for that purpo and obtained from the harbour-mas in any of the tiers in the said river i The population of London (within the police period than fifteen days next after districts) was, in 1871, 3,883,092. Extract from schedule referred to in Order in Council of February 5, 1872, as to the Conservancy of the Thames : 'Accommodation for vessels between London Bridge and Irongate Stairs. 3. The harbourmaster shall provide, as far as practicable, accommodation between London Bridge and Irongate Stairs for vessels passing up and down the river, maintaining, as far as practicable, a navigable passage of not less than two hundred feet. "Width of passage between Irongate Stairs and Barking Creek.-4. The harbour-master shall provide and maintain, as far as practicable, for vessels passing up and down the said river between Irongate Stairs and Barking Creek a shall have entered any such tier ex tide.-8. Every vessel admitted into as provided for by the Thames Conservancy Act, | yards, masts, and booms, or any or either of them 1857. 'Anchors a cock bill.-19. No vessel shall navigate or lie in the river with its anchor or anchors a cock bill, except while fishing such anchor or anchors or during such time as may be absolutely necessary for getting such vessel under way or for bringing it to anchor. 'Anchors hanging up by the cable.-20. No vessel shall be navigated or lie in the river with its anchor or anchors hanging by the cable perpendicularly from the hawse, unless the stock shall be awash, except during such time as shall be absolutely necessary for catting or fishing the said anchor or anchors, or during such time as may be absolutely necessary for getting such vessel under way. "Vessels to be slacked off if required.-21. In the loading and unloading of any vessel in any one of the said tiers in the river when and as often as it may be found requisite and necessary for any vessel to lie alongside another for the purpose of receiving or delivering goods or ballast, it shall and may be lawful for the harbour-master to direct and require the master of any such vessel as aforesaid to slack off the same, and in case of non-compliance by the master with the said direction the harbour-master is hereby authorized to slack off such vessel lying alongside as aforesaid. respectively, of any vessel lying or being in the said river, forthwith to be struck or run in, whenever in the judgment of any such harbourmaster it shall be proper and expedient for the safety of any vessel or vessels so to do. Vessels to be navigated in a careful manner.28. Every vessel shall at all times, while passing on the river, be navigated in a careful and proper manner, as well with regard to the safety of such vessel, as of other vessels on the river. 29. The following steering and sailing rules shall be observed by vessels navigating the River Thames : 'Proviso to save special cases.-(a) In construing and obeying the following rules, due regard must be had to all dangers of navigation; and due regard must also be had to any special circumstances rendering a departure from such rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger. 'Two sailing vessels meeting.—(b) If two sailing vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other. 'Two sailing vessels crossing.—(c) When two sailing vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, then, if they have the wind on different sides, the vessel with the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the vessel with the wind on the starboard side; except in the case in which the vessel with the wind on the port side is close-hauled and the other vessel free, in which case the latter vessel shall keep the same side, or if one of them has the wind aft, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. 'Vessels not to be boomed off, and to be laden over the bows.-22. No vessels which shall hereafter be laid or stationed in any of the said tiers in the river shall lie or be boomed off from each other, unless when necessary for the purpose of admit-out of the way; but if they have the wind on ting any other vessel alongside the same, and every such vessel (except the outward one at each end or extremity of such tier), shall be laden over the bows thereof, and not otherwise, unless from the weight or bulk of the goods or nature of the merchandize it shall be deemed by and appear to the harbour-master necessary to load or unload the same alongside, and when and so often as the harbour-master shall direct any vessel to be loaded or unloaded, every master of any vessel so lying in the said tier as aforesaid, when required to do so by such harbour-master, shall as speedily as possible slack the breastfasts and moorings of his vessel for the purposes aforesaid. 'As to the public moorings-23. No private chain or chains shall be affixed to the public moorings in the river without the permission of the harbour-master first had and obtained; and if any such private chain or chains shall be affixed to the said public moorings, the harbourmaster is hereby authorized to remove the same therefrom. 'Vessels at moorings.-24. No vessel shall be moored to the public moorings in the river otherwise than by the proper rings and bridles. 'Vessels in tiers.-25. Every vessel lying in any of the said tiers in the river shall have a bow and stern lashing to the vessel next to it in the said tier. When hawser to be slacked.-26. Every master of any vessel which shall be moored or navigated on any part of the river with a warp, hawser, rope, or chain, or having a rope across for any purpose whatsoever, unless in the act of entering or departing from any dock, shall slack the same down on the approach of any other vessel which shall be proceeding, dropping, or sailing with or against the tide. Moorings to be slacked when required.-27. The harbour-master may order the moorings to be slacked down, or the sails to be furled, or the 'Two vessels under steam meeting.-(d) If two vessels under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Two vessels under steam crossing.-(e) If two vessels under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other. Sailing vessels in tow and vessels under steam. (f) If two vessels, one of which is a sailing vessel and the other a steam vessel, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel. 'Vessels under steam to slacken speed.—(g) Every steam vessel when approaching another so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every steam vessel shall, when in a fog, go at a moderate speed. "Vessels overtaking other vessels.-(h) Every vessel overtaking any other vessel, shall keep out of the way of the said last-mentioned vessel. (i) Where, by the above rules, one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course, subject to the qualifications contained in the article (a). 'No vessel, under any circumstances, to neglect proper precautions.—(j) Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner or master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. 'As to mooring steam-vessels.-30. No steam vessel shall be worked, navigated, or placed upon, I taken on board any steam-vessel navigating the or anchored or moored in the river within three said river, nor leave the same for the purpose of hundred and sixty feet of Her Majesty's Dock- landing whilst the vessel is in motion, nor shall yard or Arsenal at Woolwich, or of Her Majesty's the engine thereof be put in motion until any Victualling-yard at Deptford. boat or wherry bringing or taking away any passenger to or from such steam-vessel shall be sufficiently clear thereof. 'No steam-vessel while attached to mooring to have engines in motion.-31. No master of any steam-vessel, engineer, or other person therein shall set the engine or engines of such steamvessel in motion during the time that such steam-vessel shall be attached to any mooring or moorings in the river. 'Steam-vessels' lights.-32. Every steam-vessel navigating the River Thames (except as hereinafter provided) shall, between sunset and sunrise, while under way, exhibit the three following lights of sufficient power to be distinctly visible with a clear atmosphere on a dark night at a distance of at least one mile, namely: (a) At the fore-mast, or if there be no foremast at the funnel, a bright white light suspended at the height of not less than ten feet from the deck, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side. (b) On the starboard side, a green light so fixed and fitted with an inboard screen as to throw the light from direct ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side. (c) On the port side, a red light so fixed and fitted with an inboard screen as to throw the light from direct ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side. '(d) Provided, however, that no passenger steam-vessel whilst navigating the said river above London Bridge, and when under-way, shall be bound to exhibit between sunset and sunrise any other lights than two bright white lights, one at her mast-head, and one at her stem. 'Steam-vessels plying on river to show places between which they ply.-38. Every steam-vessel navigating the river, and conveying passengers from any landing-place to any other landingplace thereon, shall have painted and conspicuously displayed on the outside of such vessel, and on each side thereof, in letters of not less than three inches in length, the names of the places between which such vessel plies. Vessels for certain purposes to be licensed by Conservators.-39. No vessel shall be used for the purpose of carrying away refuse from gas-works or other manufactories, or mud or other liquid or solid substances of an offensive and deleterious nature, which it is unlawful to cast into the Thames, other than the vessels licensed by the Conservators for that purpose under their seal. 'Precautions in taking in or discharging ballast.-40. No master of any vessel shall take in or disharge ballast, unless canvas or tarpaulings be affixed below the ballast port, and extend down inside the barges, so as to prevent the ballast falling into the river. 'Barges to have fifteen inches free board.-41. No person shall navigate any barge or lighter on the river below London Bridge unless there shall be a free board of at least fifteen inches, to be measured from the water's edge to the top of the coamings of the hatches; and if there be no coamings there shall be a free board of at least fifteen inches, to be measured from the water's edge to the top of the gunwale. 'Steamers' lights when towing.-33. Steamers Penalties for intoxication, &c.-42. Any towing vessels shall between sunset and sunrise master, engineer, waterman, or other person enexhibit, in addition to the above-mentioned three gaged in navigating any vessel in the river who lights, a white light on the fore-mast or funnel shall be intoxicated while so engaged, and any not less than four feet vertically above the first-person whosoever engaged or employed on the mentioned white light, of the like power and similar to it in every respect. "Dredgers'-lights.-34. Every steam-dredger moored in the River Thames shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit three bright lights from globular lanterns of not less than eight inches in diameter, the said three lights to be placed in a triangular form, and to be of sufficient power to be distinctly visible, with a clear atmosphere, on a dark night, at a distance of at least one mile, and to be placed not less than six feet apart on the highest part of the framework athwart-ships. 'Fog signals.-35. Every steam-vessel when the steam is up, and when under way, shall, in all cases of fog, use as a signal a steam-whistle, which shall be sounded at least every three minutes. (a) Sailing-vessels when under way shall in like manner use a fog-horn. (b) When at anchor, all vessels shall in like manner use a bell. 'Master of steam-vessel to remain on paddle-box or bridge.-36. The master of every steam-vessel navigating the river shall be and remain on one of the paddle-boxes, or on the bridge of such steam-vessel, and shall cause a proper look-out to be kept from the said steam-vessel during the whole of the time it is under way, and shall remove or cause to be removed any person other than the crew who shall be on the bridge or paddle-boxes of such steamer. river who shall make use of abusive or insulting language to any officer of the Conservators whilst employed in the performance of the duties of his office, or shall obstruct any such officer in the execution of his said duties, shall be deemed to have committed a breach of these present byelaws, and shall be liable to the penalty hereinafter mentioned. 'Gunpowder, provisions for shipment of.-43. No seagoing vessel (except those for the Queen's Service) shall ship in the River Thames a larger quantity of gunpowder than twenty-five pounds, unless she be brought up between the two lower magazines in Halfway Reach on the south shore of the river, or at the red buoy in St. Clement's Reach, or in the lower part of Gravesend Reach, below the Ship and Lobster,' where two red buoys are placed, and no gunpowder exceeding twenty-five pounds for the ship's use, shall be taken on board any vessel, whilst she is attached to, or alongside of a steam-vessel whose fires are lighted. 'Ships to display a flag.-44. All vessels carrying more than twenty-five pounds of gunpowder as cargo, shall keep flying, in a conspicuous position, a square red flag not less than two square feet in size. As to payment of tonnage dues on vessels not entered at the Customs.-45. The master or owner of any vessel entering or leaving the Thames, subject to the payment of tonnage dues, and 'No person to be taken on board nor leave steam-which has not been entered at the office of H.M. vessel whilst in motion-37. No person shall be Customs, and on which the tonnage dues have not been paid to the receiver there, shall furnish the Conservators, for the purpose of registration, full particulars of the name, tonnage, and owner of such vessel, and the port to which she belongs, and shall send a return once in every month of the arrival and departure of such vessel during the preceding month to the office of the Conservators, and shall pay to the Conservators the tonnage rates which are then due for each time of arrival in, and departure from the river, provided by the Act of the 4th and 5th Wm., cap. 32, entitled An Act for rendering the Tonnage Rates payable in the Port of London.' The following bye-laws have been published as an appendix to Order in Council of March 17, 1875, referring to the use of certain lights, and the protection of craft during boat-races, &c. : Schedule referred to in Order in Council. 1. All vessels under sail east of London Bridge shall exhibit, between sunset and sunrise, two lights, namely, a green light on the starboard side, so fixed and fitted with an inboard screen as to throw the light from direct ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side; and a red light on the port side, so fixed and fitted with an inboard screen as to throw a light from direct ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side, such lights to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least one mile. 2. Every person in charge of a dumb-barge when under weigh and not in tow shall, between sunset and sunrise, when below or to the eastward of a line drawn from the upper part of Silvertown, in the county of Essex, to Charlton Pier, in the county of Kent, have a white light always ready, and exhibit the same on the approach of any vessel. 3. The person in charge of the sternmost or last of a line of barges, when being towed, shall exhibit, between sunset and sunrise, a white light from the stern of his barge. 4. All vessels and barges, when at anchor in the fairway of the river, shall exhibit the usual riding light. 5. All vessels when employed to mark the position of wrecks or other obstructions shall exhibit two bright lights placed horizontally, not less than six feet apart. 6. On the occasion of any boat race, regatta, public procession, or ship launch in the River Thames below Staines, or on any other occasion when large crowds assemble thereon, no vessel shall pass on the river so as to obstruct, impede, or interfere with the boat race, regatta, procession, or launch, or to endanger the safety of persons assembling on the river, or to prevent the maintenance of order thereon; and the master of every vessel shall, on all such occasions, observe the directions of the Harbour Master or other officer of the Conservators of the Thames engaged in superintending the execution of this bye-law. 7. No vessel shall be moored to or remain at any pier or vessel of or to, or at any premises belonging to the Conservators of the River Thames, without the permission of their officer in charge of such pier, vessel, or premises being first had and obtained, and shall move away when ordered so to do. 8. In construing the sixteenth bye-law of the rules and bye-laws for the regulation of the navigation of the River Thames, allowed by Her Majesty in Council at a Court held on February 5, 1872, the word 'burden' shall mean the burden as against 10,019,9297. in 1873, and 3,837,8217. in 1860. MADRAS. [See EAST INDIES.] MAIZE or INDIAN CORN, and MEAL. Customs duty on repealed, 1869. MALT. Extracts and essences or other concentrations of malt may now be imported into the United Kingdom, in transit or to be warehoused for exportation only, under 32 & 33 Vict. c. 14, s. 3. [ALE AND BEER.] The duty on malt imported into the United Kingdom from foreign ports, or brought from the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man, is fixed at 24s. per quarter, by Customs and Inland Revenue Act of 1871, 34 & 35 Vict. c. 103. Account of the Quantities of Malt charged with Duty in England and Wales, and of the Revenue received thereon, in the undermentioned Years from 1867 to 1873. |