A. B. Go.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXVII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. C. S.

A. E. H. L.

A. F. L.

A. F. P.

ALFRED BRADLEY GOUGH, M.A., PH.D.

:{

Sometime Casberd Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. English Lector at the Trier.
University of Kiel, 1896-1905.

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See the biographical article: SwWINBURNE, Algernon Charles.

AUGUSTUS EDWARD HOUGH LOVE, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.

{Tourneur, Cyril.

Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Oxford. Secretary Variations, Calculus of.
to the London Mathematical Society. Hon. Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford;
formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

ARTHUR FRANCIS LEACH, M.A.

Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Charity Commissioner for England and Wales.
Formerly Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford, 1874-1881. Author of English Schools at the Reformalion; &c.
ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Udal, Nicholas.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893- Vermigli, Pietro Martire.
1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of
England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer ; &c.
SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, K.C.B.

{Vesuvius (in part).

Unitarianism;

:{

AUGUSTUS HENRY KEANE, LL.D., F.R.G.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.
Emeritus Professor of Hindustani at University College, London. Author of Tripoli: North Africa (in part);
Ethnology; Man Past and Present; The World's Peoples; &c.

Ural-Altaic.

Urmia, Lake of.

United States: History (in part).

Professor of New Testament and Church History, Yorkshire United Independent Ursula, St (in part).
College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University, and Member of
Mysore Educational Service.

Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Editor of the Rio News Venezuela: Geography and (Rio de Janeiro), 1879-1901.

{
{Totemism.

Statistics.

A. M.

A. M.-Fa.

Professor at the Collège de France, Paris. Director of the Ecole des Hautes Études. Troyes: Counts of Troyes;

Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Livre des vassaux du Comté de Cham- .
pagne et de Brie; Geographie de la Gaule ou VI siècle; Allas historique de la France
depuis César jusqu'à nos jours; &c.

REV. ALLAN MENZIES, M.A., D.D.

{

Vermandois.

Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism, St Mary's College, St Andrews. Author United Free Church of Scotland. of History of Religion; &c. Editor of Review of Theology and Philosophy.

ALFRED MOREL-FATIO.

Professor of Romance Languages at the Collège de France, Paris. Member of the Vega Carpio (in part).
Institute of France; Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Secretary of the École

des Chartes, 1885-1906. Author of L'Espagne au XVI et au XVII' siècles.

'A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

V

A. N.

A. P. H.

A. R. B.

ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.

See the biographical article: NEwton, Alfred.

ALFRED PETER HILLIER, M.D., M.P.

Toucan; Touracou;
Tree-creeper; Trogon;
Tropic-bird; Trumpeter;
Turkey; Turnstone.

Author of South African Studies; The Commonweal; &c. Served in Kaffir War,
1878-1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in South Africa till 1896. Member of Transvaal: History (in part).
Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and political prisoner at Pretoria, 1895-1896.
M.P. for the Hitchin Division of Herts, 1910.

THE REV. AUGUSTUS ROBERT BUCKLAND, M.A.

Secretary of the Religious Tract Society, London. Morning Preacher, Foundling Tract: Tract Societies.
Hospital, London. Author of The Heroic in Missions; &c.

ARCHIBALD SHARP.

See the biographical article: SYMONS, ARTHUR.

A. Sp.

Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent.

A. Sy.

ARTHUR SYMONS.

A. W. H.*

A. W. R.

B. M.

B. R.

B. W. G.

C. A. C.

C. A. S.

C. B. P.

C. C. W.

C. D. W.
C. El.

C. F. A.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.
ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws
of England.

BRANDER MATTHEWS, A.M., LL.D., LITT.D., D.C.L.

{Tricycle.
{Verlaine, Paul.
{Utrecht, Treaty of.

Trade Marks (in part).

Professor of Dramatic Literature, Columbia University, New York, President of Twain, Mark.
the Modern Language Association of America (1910). Author of French Dramatists
of the 19th Century; &c.

SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.I.C., Assoc.INST.C.E.,
M.INST.M.E.

Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, Home Office, India Office, Corporation of
London, and Port of London Authority. President of the Society of Chemical Vaseline.
Industry. Member of the Council of the Chemical Society. Member of Council of

the Institute of Chemistry. Author of Cantor Lectures on Petroleum; Petroleum
and its Products; Chemical Technology; &c.

BENEDICT WILLIAM GINSBURG, M.A., LL.D.

St Catharine's College, Cambridge. Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple. Tonnage.
Formerly Editor of The Navy, and Secretary of the Royal Statistical Society.
Author of Hints on the Legal Duties of Shipmasters; &c.

CHARLES ARTHUR CONANT.

Member of Commission on International Exchange of U.S., 1903. Treasurer, Trust Company.
Morton Trust Co., New York, 1902-1906. Author of History of Modern Banks

of Issue; The Principles of Money and Banking; &c.

REV. CHARLES ANDERSON SCOTT, M.A.

Dunn Professor of the New Testament, Theological College of the Presbyterian Ulilas.
Church of England, Cambridge. Author of Ulfilas, Apostle of the Goths; &c.

CATHERINE BEATRICE PHILLIPS (MRS W. ALISON PHILLIPS).

Associate of Bedford College, London.

CHARLES CRAWFORD WHINERY, A.M.

Cornell University. Assistant Editor 11th Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

HON. CARROLL DAVIDSON WRIGHT.

See the biographical article: WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON.

{

Unicorn.

United States: History (in part).

{Trade Unions: United States.

SIR CHARLES NORTON EDGCUMBE ELIOT, K.C.M.G., LL.D., D.C.L..
Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College,
Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Turks.
Africa Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; Consul-General for
German East Africa, 1900-1904.

CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

Transvaal: History (in part);

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Turenne, Vicomte de;
Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbor.

Secretary, Judicial and Public Department, India Office, London. Fellow of
King's College, London. Secretary to Government of India in Home Department, Tuls! Dās.
1889-1894. Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, India, 1895-1898. Author of
Translations of Ancient Arabic Poetry; &c.

CARL THEODOR MIRBT, D.TH.

Trent, Council of;

Professor of Church History in the University of Marburg. Author of Publizistik Ultramontanism;
im Zeitalter Gregor VII.; Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsthums; &c.

CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.
Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow
of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography,

Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of
Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

Vatican Council, The

Varthema, Ludovico di;
Vespucci, Amerigo.

C. W. W.

D. B. Ma.

D. C. B.

SIR CHARLES WILLIAM WILSON, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S. (1836-1907).

Major-General, Royal Engineers. Secretary to the North American Boundary
Commission. Director-General of the Ordnance Survey, 1886-1894. Director-
General of Military Education, 1895-1898. Author of From Korti to Khartoum;
Life of Lord Clive; &c.

DUNCAN BLACK MACDONALD, M.A., D.D.

Van: Turkey (in part).

Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary, Hartford, Conn. Ulema.
Author of Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional
Theory; Selections from Ibn Khaldun; Religious Attitude and Life in Islam; &c.
DEMETRIUS CHARLES BOUlger.

Author of England and Russia in Central Asia: History of China; Life of Gordon;
India in the 19th Century; History of Belgium; Belgian Life in Town and Country;

&c.

D. F. T.

D. G. H.

D. H.

E. B.

E. C. B.

E. EA.

E. F. S.

E. G.

E. Ga.

E. H. M.

Formerly Editor of the Art Journal. Author of The Brothers Maris; The Barbizon Troyon, Constant.
School of Painters; Life of " Phiz "; Life of Bewick; &c.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Variations.
Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works.

DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and Fellow of Magdalen College.
Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and
1903: Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at
Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

DAVID HANNAY.

Tralles;
Tripoli: Syria;
Troy and Troad (in part).
Toulon;

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Tourville, Comte de;
Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

ERNEST CHARLES FRANÇOIS BABELON.

Trafalgar, Battle of.

Professor at the Collège de France. Keeper of the Department of Medals and
Antiquities at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Member of the Académie des In- Utica.
scriptions et Belles Lettres, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of
Descriptions Historiques des Monnaies de la République Romaine; Traités des
Monnaies Grecques ei Romaines; Catalogue des Camées de la Bibliothèque Nationale.

RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., M.A., D.LITT.

Assistant in the Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, South Tsetse-fly.
Kensington.

EDWARD FAIRBROTHER STRANGE.

Assistant Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of Utamaro.
Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects. Joint-editor
of Bell's Cathedral "Series.

EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: GOSSE, EDMUND.

EMILE GARCKE, M.INST.E.E.

Topelius, Zakris; Triolet;
Troubadour; Trouvère;
Usk, Thomas;

Vers de Société; Verse.

Managing Director of the British Electric Traction Co., Ltd. Author of Manual of Tramway.
Electrical Undertakings; &c.

ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.

University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian Tyras.
at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.

Assistant Secretary, Board of Education. Sometime Scholar of Corpus Christi
College, Oxford. Chancellor's English Essayist, 1891. Author of The Medieval Vaughan, Thomas.
Stage. Editor of the "Red Letter Shakespeare; Donne's Poems; Vaughan's
Poems.

EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT., LL.D.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des
Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme.

EDMUND OWEN, F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital,
Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of A
Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students.

REV ETHELRED LUKE TAUNTON, (d. 1907).

Vardanes.

Tongue: Surgery;
Tonsillitis; Ulcer;
Varicose Veins;

Venereal Diseases.

Author of The English Black Monks of St Benedict; History of the Jesuits in England. {Torquemada, Thomas.

E. W. H.

F. C. C.

F. D. A.

F. G. M. B.
F. G. P.

F. J. H.

F. J. T.

F. Po.

ERNEST WILLIAM HOBSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.R.A.S.

{

Fellow and Tutor in Mathematics, Christ's College, Cambridge. Stokes Lecturer in Trigonometry.
Mathematics in the University.

FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH.

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford.

Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and Tongues, Gift of.

Morals; &c.

FRANK DAWSON ADAMS, PH.D., D.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.S.

Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Logan Professor of Geology, McGill
University, Montreal. President of the Canadian Mining Institute. Author of
Papers dealing with problems of Metamorphism; &c.

FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.

Lecturer on

Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge.
FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.
Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital, London, and the London School of Medicine for
Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.
FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A.

Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of
Brasenose College. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Censor, Student,
Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1906-1907.
Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.
FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D., PH.D.

Professor of History, Harvard University. Formerly Professor of American
History at the University of Wisconsin. Author of Rise of the New West; &c.
SIR FREDERICK POLLOCK, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: POLLOCK (Family).

{

Vancouver Island.

Vandals (in part).

Tongue;

Vascular System: Anatomy;
Veins: Anotomy.

Trimontium;
Trinovantes;
Uriconium;
Verulamium.

United States: History (in part).

{Tort.

Lieut.-Col., Royal Artillery. Military Vice-Consul, Sivas, Trebizond, Van (Kurd- Van: Turkey (in part).
istan), 1897-1898. Military Attaché, British Embassy, Constantinople, 1901-1905.
Author of Central Kurdistan; &c.

FRANCIS SAMUEL PHILBRICK, A.M., PH.D.

Formerly Fellow of Nebraska State University and Scholar and Resident Fellow
of Harvard University. Member of the American Historical Association.

FRANCIS WATT, M.A.

Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Author of Law's Lumber Room.

FREDERICK WILLIAM GAMBLE, D.Sc., F.R.S.

United States: Population
and Social Conditions;
Industries and Commerce;
Finance and Army.

{Treasure Trove.

Professor of Zoology, Birmingham University. Formerly Assistant Director of the
Zoological Laboratories and Lecturer in Zoology, University of Manchester. Author Trematodes.
of Animal Life. Editor of Marshall and Hurst's Practical Zoology; &c.

F. W. R.*

FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

Topaz;

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1897-1902. Tourmaline;
President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, Oxford, and Fellow of Oriel Tyre (in part).
College. Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh.
Author of Text-Book of North Semitic Inscriptions; &c.

REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R. HIST.S.

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909.
Hon. Member Dutch Historical Society, and Foreign Member, Netherlands Associa-
tion of Literature.

GEORGE EDWARD DOBSON, M.A., M.B., F.Z.S., F.R.S. (1848-1805).

Utrecht: Province (in part).

Army Medical Department, 1868-1888. Formerly Curator of the Royal Victoria
Museum, Netley. Author of Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera; A Monograph of
the Insectivora, Systematic and Anatomical; &c.

Vampire.

Rector of Sutton Sandy, Beds. Formerly Hebrew Master, Merchant Taylors' Urim and Thummin.
School, London. Author of Translation of the Book of Isaiah; &c.

Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Editor of Select Pleas of the Forests for the Selden Trinoda Necessitas.
Society.

:{

{

G. Re.

SIR GEORGE REID, LL.D.

See the biographical article: REID, SIR GEORGE.

Turner.