or of any county, city and county, city, town, district, township, or any other political subdivision thereof, whether said work is done by contract or otherwise, shall be limited and restricted to eight hours in any one calendar day, except in cases of extraordinary emergency caused by fire, flood, or danger to life and property, or except to work upon public, military, or naval works or, defenses in time of war, and the Legislature shall provide by law that a stipulation to this effect shall be incorporated in all contracts for public work, and prescribe proper penalties for the speedy and efficient enforcement of said law. [Amendment adopted November 4, 1902.]

[Original Section.] SEC. 17. Eight hours shall constitute a legal day's work on all public work.

Sex does not disqualify.

SEC. 18. No person shall, on account of sex, be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or profession.

57 Cal. 605, 610; 60 Cal. 82; 85 Cal. 208; 96 Cal. 360; 98 Cal. 555.

Expenses of constitutional convention.

SEC. 19. Nothing in this Constitution shall prevent the Legislature from providing, by law, for the payment of the expenses of the convention framing this Constitution, including the per diem of the delegates for the full term thereof.

Elections, when held-Terms of office.

SEC. 20. Elections of the officers provided for by this Constitution, except at the election in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, shall be held on the even-numbered years next before the expiration of their respective terms. The terms of such officers shall commence on the first Monday after the first day of January next following their election.

[Constitution of 1849, Art. IV, § 39, and Schedule, § 8.]

53 Cal. 747; 55 Cal. 611, 622; 56 Cal. 102; 58 Cal. 560; 62 Cal. 565; 96 Cal. 291; 99 Cal. 39, 291; 116 Cal. 112.

SECTION 1. The boundary of the State of California shall be as follows: Commencing at the point of intersection of the forty'second degree of north latitude with the one hundred and twen-, tieth degree of longitude west from Greenwich, and running south on the line of said one hundred and twentieth degree of west longitude until it intersects the thirty-ninth degree of north latitude; thence running in a straight line, in a southeasterly direction, to the River Colorado, at a point where it intersects the thirty-fifth degree of north latitude; thence down the middle of the channel of said river to the boundary line between the United States and Mexico, as established by the treaty of May thirtieth, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight; thence running west and along said boundary line to the Pacific Ocean, and extending therein three English miles; thence running in a north westerly direction and following the direction of the Pacific coast to the forty-second degree of north latitude; thence on the line of said forty-second degree of north latitude to the place of beginning. Also, including all the islands, harbors, and bays along and adjacent to the coast.

[Constitution of 1849, Art. XII, § 1.]

ARTICLE XXII.

SCHEDULE.

That no inconvenience may arise from the alterations and amendments in the Constitution of this State, and to carry the same into complete effect, it is hereby ordained and declared:

Laws in force previous to this Constitution.

SECTION 1. That all laws in force at the adoption of this Constitution, not inconsistent therewith, shall remain in full force and effect until altered or repealed by the Legislature; and all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, and contracts of the State, counties, individuals, or bodies corporate, not inconsistent therewith, shall continue to be as valid as if this Constitution had not been adopted. The provisions of all laws which are inconsistent with this Constitution shall cease upon the adoption thereof, except that all laws which are inconsistent with such provisions

of this Constitution as require legislation to enforce them shall remain in full force until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and eighty, unless sooner altered or repealed by the Legislature. [Constitution of 1849, Schedule, §§ 1, 3.]

53 Cal. 746; 54 Cal. 247, 345; 55 Cal. 463; 56 Cal. 653; 57 Cal. 92, 609, 627; 58 Cal. 561; 59 Cal. 131, 550; 60 Cal. 155, 278, 514; 61 Cal. 4, 33, 196, 279, 351; 64 Cal. 67, 251; 66 Cal. 448; 67 Cal. 382; 69 Cal. 88, 372, 465, 479; 71 Cal. 310; 73 Cal. 621; 75 Cal. 153; 76 Cal. 92; 93 Cal. 40, 421; 114 Cal. 318, 563; 119 Cal. 428; 121 Cal. 551. App. R. 1, 64.

Existing obligations.

SEC. 2. That all recognizances, obligations, and all other instru- · ments entered into or executed before the adoption of this Constitution, to this State, or to any subdivision thereof, or any municipality therein, and all fines, taxes, penalties, and forfeitures due or owing to this State, or any subdivision or municipality thereof, and all writs, prosecutions, actions, and causes of action, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue and remain unaffected by the adoption of this Constitution. All indictments or informations which shall have been found, or may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense committed before this Constitution takes effect, may be proceeded upon as if no change had taken place, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution. 59 Cal. 254; 64 Cal. 253; 66 Cal. 109, 406.

Existing courts abolished.

SEC. 3. All courts now existing, save Justices' and Police Courts, are hereby abolished; and all records, books, papers, and proceedings from such courts, as are abolished by this Constitution, shall be transferred, on the first day of January, eighteen hundred and eighty, to the courts provided for in this Constitution; and the courts to which the same are thus transferred shall have the same power and jurisdiction over them as if they had been in the first instance commenced, filed, or lodged therein.

54 Cal. 186, 346; 55 Cal. 463; 57 Cal. 542; 58 Cal. 90; 59 Cal. 254, 400; 60 Cal. 307; 64 Cal. 251; 66 Cal. 202, 406; 67 Cal. 41; 69 Cal. 88, 99, 465, 519; 75 Cal. 147; 87 Cal. 82; 114 Cal. 318, 331.

Printing of Constitution.

SEC. 4. The Superintendent of Printing of the State of California shall, at least thirty days before the first Wednesday in May, A. D. eighteen hundred and seventy nine, cause to be printed

at the State printing office, in pamphlet form, simply stitched, as many copies of this Constitution as there are registered voters in this State, and mail one copy thereof to the post office address of each registered voter; provided, any copies not called for ten days after reaching their delivery office, shall be subject to general distribution by the several postmasters of the State. The Governor shall issue his proclamation, giving notice of the election for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, at least thirty days before the said first Wednesday of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties shall cause said proclamation to be made public in their respective counties, and general notice of said election to be given at least fifteen days next before said election.

Ballots for voting on Constitution.

SEC. 5. The Superintendent of Printing of the State of California shall, at least twenty days before said election, cause to be printed and delivered to the Clerk of each county in this State five times the number of properly prepared ballots for said election that there are voters in said respective counties, with the words printed thereon: "For the New Constitution." He shall likewise caused to be so printed and delivered to said Clerks five times the number of properly prepared ballots for said election that there are voters in said respective counties, with the words printed thereon: 'Against the New Constitution." The Secretary of State is hereby authorized and required to furnish the Superintendent of State Printing a sufficient quantity of legal ballot paper, now on hand, to carry out the provisions of this section.

County Clerks to provide poll books, etc.

SEC. 6. The Clerks of the several counties in the State shall, at least five days before said election, cause to be delivered to the inspectors of election, at each election precinct or polling place in their respective counties, suitable registers, poll books, forms of return, and an equal number of the aforesaid ballots, which number, in the aggregate, must be ten times greater than the number of voters in the said election precincts or polling places. The returns of the number of votes cast at the presidential election in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six shall serve as a basis of calculation for this and the preceding section; provided, that the duties in this and the preceding section imposed upon the

Clerks of the respective counties shall, in the City and County of San Francisco, be performed by the Registrar of Voters for said city and county.

Who may vote.

SEC. 7. Every citizen of the United States, entitled by law to vote for members of the Assembly in this State, shall be entitled to vote for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution.

[Constitution of 1849, Schedule, § 5.]

Returns, how canvassed.

SEC. 8. The officers of the several counties of this State, whose duty it is, under the law, to receive and canvass the returns, from the several precincts of their respective counties, as well as of the City and County of San Francisco, shall meet at the usual places of meeting for such purposes on the first Monday after said election. If, at the time of meeting, the returns from each precinct in the county in which the polls were opened have been received, the board must then and there proceed to canvass the returns; but if all the returns have not been received, the canvass must be postponed from time to time until all the returns are received, or until the second Monday after said election, when they shall proceed to make out returns of the votes cast for and against the new Constitution; and the proceedings of said board shall be the same as those prescribed for like boards in the case of an election for Governor. Upon the completion of said canvass and returns, the said boards shall immediately certify the same, in the usual form, to the Governor of the State of California.

Governor to issue proclamation.

SEC. 9. The Governor of the State of California shall, as soon as the returns of said election shall be received by him, or within thirty days after said election, in the presence and with the assistance of the Controller, Treasurer, and Secretary of State, open and compute all the returns received of votes cast for and against the new Constitution. If, by such examination and computation, it is ascertained that a majority of the whole number of votes cast at such election is in favor of such new Constitution, the Executive of this State shall, by his proclamation, declare such new Constitution to be the Constitution of the State of California, and that it shall take effect and be in force on the days hereinafter specified. [Constitution of 1849, Schedule, § 6.]