turnpike road leads through this town.

hilly and stony, and the soil a gravelly loam. The agricultural productions consist of Indian corn, Agriculture and fishing are the some rye, barley, grass, salt hay; principal occupations of the inhathere being about 400 acres of bitants; and manufactures or mesalt marsh or meadow in the town. chanical employments have receiThe Quinipiack river washes ved but little attention. There is the western border of the town;||1 Grain Mill, 1 Fulling Mill and besides which, it is watered by Clothiers' works, 1 Carding Maseveral small streams. Salton-chine, 2 Mercantile Stores, and stall Pond or Lake, a small body 3 Public Inns. The population of water, is situated partly in this of the town, in 1810, was 1209; town and partly in Branford. and there are 130 qualified Electors, one company of militia, and about 200 dwelling houses.

There are three considerable bridges in the town; the Dragon bridge, the Tomlinson bridge, and the Turnpike bridge. Shell fish are taken plentifully at Dragon; and there are several other small fisheries. Oysters and clams are the most important of the shell fish; and the black fish, of the "finny tribe." Large quantities of the white fish are taken for manure, for which purpose they are found to be very valuable.

The Middletown and Durham

The town contains one located Congregational Society & Church, one Society of Episcopalians, 5 School Districts and Schools, and one small Social Library. The. professional men are two Clergymen and one Physician.

The amount of taxable property, including polls, is $22,694.

East-Haven was taken from New-Haven, and incorporated in May, 1785.

GUILFORD.

GUILFORD, an ancient and populous maritime post township, is situated upon Long Island sound, 15 miles east of New-Haven, and 36 south from Hartford; bounded on the north by Durham, on the east by Hammonassett river, which separates it from Killingworth, on the south by Long Island sound, and on the west by Branford. Its inean length from north to south is about eleven miles, and its mean breadth nearly seven; comprising about 72 square miles. The surface and face of the country are various; on the border of the

sound, are some tracts of alluvial; the interior is broken and rough, being rocky and hilly; and in some sections mountainous. The rocks are primitive, consisting of granite, and other original formations. The prevailing soil is a gravelly loam, interspersed with some sections of sandy loam. It is considerably strong and fertile. In the interior of the township, and in its northern section, there are extensive tracts of forests and timber lands, consisting principally of oak, walnut, chesnut and other species of hard

There

wood. These lands are too rough ployed in the business. and stony for cultivation, and have are two harbours in the town, therefore been suffered to remain one called the town harbour, the to forests. The wood is sound other sachem's head harbour; the and hard, and of an excellent latter of which is esteemed a very quality, both for timber and fuel, safe and convenient one. The and is now becoming valuable; shipping of the town consists of being situated within a tolerably three vessels engaged in the coastconvenient distance of navigable ing trade, and five regular packwaters. Large quantities of wood ets, whieh ply between this place and timber are annually got to and New-York. There is a turnmarket, principally to the city of pike road leading from the society New-York. The improved lands of East-Guilford in this town to in the town produce rye and corn; Durham, and thence to Hartford. besides which, butter, cheese and The civil divisions of the town cattle receive some attention. consist of 4 located EcclesiastiOf the hay produced, a conside-cal Societies, 19 School Districts, rable proportion is from the tracts and an incorporated borough. of salt marsh, which are somewhat The borough of Guilford, which extensive. The farming interests was incorporated in 1815, is handof the town are not very flourish-somely situated upon a tract of ing; and there is an apparent alluvial or maritime plain, about general want of agricultural im- two miles back from the harbour, provements and enterprise. The and near the Menunkatuck river. township is well watered; its sou- Its limits embrace the ancient thern border being washed by town plot, which is handsomely laid Long Island sound, and its east-out, having considerable regulariern by the Hammonassett river, ty. In the centre, there is a puband the Menunkatuck, which rises lic square, at which five considerin Quinapaug pond in the north able streets are concentrated. part of the township, runs through The several streets surrounding it, and discharges itself into the the square are well built, comprisharbour. East river, and several ing many neat and handsome other small streams, accommodate || dwelling houses. There are, withdifferent sections of the town. in the limits of the borough, 150 Some shad are taken in these Dwelling houses, 2 Churches and rivers, and shell fish and white a Town house situated upon the fish in the sound. The latter are square, 5 Schools, 16 Mercantile valued only for manure, for which Stores, a Post-office, several pripurpose large quantities of them vate offices, and a number of Meare taken. They afford a rich chanics' shops. The most consiand valuable manure, particularly derable and important manufactufor arable lands. Of shell-fish, ring or mechanical business in the oysters are most important; of town, is that of making shoes. which large quantities are annu-There are 11 shops engaged in ally taken, there being often from this business in the borough, some twenty to thirty oyster boats em- of which pursue it upon an exten

upon the sea-coast, uniting so many agreeable and interesting objects.

sive scale. This manufacture is carried on to a greater extent here, than in any other town in the State; and the products of the business Guilford was settled at an early form an important article of ex- period; the settlement having portation, being principally sent commenced in 1639, the year afto the southern states for a mar- ter that in New-Haven. The first ket. Except the shoemaking bu-settlers were Mr. Henry Whitesiness, the manufactures of the field, and several members of his town are inconsiderable; the grea-church and congregation in Engter portion of the industry of the land, to the number of about forty place being engaged in the pur- persons. It is represented that suits of agriculture, or the fishing they selected this location, from and seafaring business. There the circumstance of the near reare 1 Forge, 5 Grain Mills, 3 Cloth semblance it bore to the place dressing establishments, 3 Carding from whence they had emigrated. Machines, and 4 Tanneries. They purchased the lands of the natives, stipulating that they should immediately abandon them. But notwithstanding this amicable arrangement with the aboriginal inhabitants, it was thought prudent, as a measure of precaution, to build one house, which should be so constructed, that, in case of necessity, it might serve as a fortress, for security & defence. This house, which was built of stone,

The population of the town, in 1810, was 3845; and there are about 500 Freemen or Electors, 4|| Companies of Militia, and about 550 Dwelling houses. The aggregate list of the town, in 1816, was. $84,945. Besides the 4 located Societies, which are Congregational, there is 1 Episcopal Society, 1 of Baptists, and 1 of Methodists; all of which are accommodated with houses for pub-is still standing, having been relic worship. There are in the town 19 primary or common Schools, one in each district, 4 Social Libraries, 20 Mercantile Stores, 5 Clergymen, 6 Physieians, and 1 Attorney.

cently repaired. It is situated at the head of the great plain, upon a small eminence, and is two stories high. It is frequently visited by strangers, as an object of curiosity, and as a monument of the first settlement of the town, and of " times that are past."

This town, being pleasantly situated upon the seaboard; affordBIOGRAPHY. The Hon. Abraing in the summer months a cool and salubrious atmosphere; hav-||ham Baldwin, was a native of this ing an abundant supply of shell town. His talents, his virtues, his and other salt-water fish; and pos- patriotism, and his distinguished sessing various facilities for enjoy-public services, were an honour to ing the air, healthfulness and plea- his native State. He graduated santness of the salt water; is, in at Yale College, in 1772, immethe warm season, a place of much diately after which he was appointresort, both for health and plea-ed a tutor at the same seminary, there being few if any towns in which situation he continued

sure;

for five years. In the year 1777, he entered the continental army, in the capacity of a chaplain, and continued therein until the close

hour during the session of Congress, until the week preceding his death, from indisposition.

and important period of our history, and acted a responsible and important part in the establishment of our present system of government, which will go down to the latest posterity, and with it the names of its illustrious founders. Few have acted in a more extended sphere of usefulness, or filled more space in the public eye.

The Hon. Thomas Chittenden, for many years governor of the

He was the founder of a college of the war. Not long after this at Athens in Georgia, of which he period, he removed, at the request was President for several years. of Gen. Greene, to the State of He was a man of great talents, arGeorgia. On his arrival and set-dent patriotism, and extensive betlement here, he abandoned the || nevolence; lived in an eventful clerical profession for that of the law. His talents and patriotism were too conspicuous to remain unnoticed even among strangers; he was soon elected a member of the legislature of that State, and in 1784, a member of the old Congress, and continued in that situation until the National Constitution superseded the system of government, (if it deserved to be called a system,) then in existence. He was also a member, and a dis-State of Vermont, was a native of tinguished one, of the Convention this town. He was born 6th Jan. which formed the present Consti- 1730; and at the age of twentytution of the United States; and one years, in 1751, he removed upon the organization of the go-to Salisbury in this State, where he vernment, was chosen a member of continued until 1773, when he, the Congress under the same, and so second time, encountered the pricontinued without interruption un-vations and hardships of a new til he was removed therefrom for country, by emigrating into the a more exalted station, being ap-State of Vermont. But he was pointed a member of the Senate, in which office he continued until his death, March 4th, 1807. He died at the city of Washington, during the session of Congress, aged 53, in the midst of his use-enabled him to leave a large esfulness, and surrounded with ho

nours.

It is a remarkable circumstance, and an instance of assiduity and attention to public duties which scarcely have a parallel, that during his long parliamentary life, he was never known to be absent a single

amply rewarded for his enterprise; having made a valuable location of land upon the beautiful alluvial of the Onion river, which soon became valuable, and

tate to his posterity. He was also honoured with the confidence of the public, and attained to distinguished public employments; having been elected the first governor of that State, in March, 1778. He died August 25th, 1797.

HAMDEN is a small township, which is in some measure an insucentrally situated in the county, lated eminence, and appears to be five and a half miles from New-Ha- a spur of the east rock range, lies ven, and 32 from Hartford; bound- wholly within this town. This is ed north by Cheshire and Walling- one of the most elevated greenford, east by North-Haven, south stone eminences in the State. The by New-Haven, and west by the greenstone of these mountains West rock range of mountain, forms an excellent building-stone, which separates it from Wood- and is extensively used for that bridge. Its average length is sev-purpose in New-Haven. In the en and a half miles, and its average greenstone hills of this town, varibreadth about three and a half, ous minerals have been discovered. making about 26 square mile. A Iron pyrites in minute pieces, and considerable section of the town-sometimes imperfectly crystalship is level; the western border [ized, is found disseminated; and of it is mountainous, and the east-sulphuret of copper is sometimes ern considerably hilly. The town- found, connected with chrystalized ship is situated between the West quartz. At a distant period, a large rock range of mountain, and the mass of native copper, weighing east rock range. East rock is the about 90s, was accidently distermination of an extensive green-covered upon one of the greenstone range of mountains, which stone hills of this town. It was preextends far into the interior of New-served for a long time, and the reEngland, leading through Cheshire, mains of it were used not more Southington, Farmington, Sims- than 15 or 20 years since, in Newbury and Granby, into Massachu- Haven; it was said to be very pure, setts. It consists of a broken ridge, and free from alloy. It is not or a succession of hills, which be- known precisely, upon what spot come more elevated as you pro- this mass of native copper was ceed from east rock. At Farming-found; but copper is now known ton, Simsbury and Granby, the to exist in various places, in the ridge is more continuous and lofty, greenstone hills of this town. Lead, and bold in its features. West rock in small quantities, has also been is the termination of the west range found. of the same mountain; it extends The soil in this town is a gravas far into the interior as the west-elly loam, and generally fertile; ern section of Southington, where the natural growth is walnut, oak it subsides, or more properly unites of the various kinds, and other dewith the east rock range, of which ciduous trees. The lands, in a culit is properly a branch. This range tivated state, produce rye, corn, consists also of greenstone, and is oats &c. and carry good and heavy a succession of eminences; and ex- crops. hibits similar features to the other. Hamden is situated between these two ranges; the one being upon its west, and the other upon its eastern border. Mount Carmel,

The town is watered by Mill river, a fine mill stream, affording numerous sites for water works.

The Farmington and New-Haven turnpike road passes through