town is principally granitic; but The population of the town, in there are some micaceous schis-1810, was 2002; and there are tus, and other rocks of a primitive 330 Freemen or Electors, about formation. 215 Militia, and 321 Dwelling houses.

The natural growth of timber is the same as is common to this region.

In a cultivated state, the lands produce corn, oats, some rye and flax, and afford tolerably good grazing.

The amount of taxable property, including polls, is $54,569.

There are in Hebron, 2 Woolen Factories, 2 Cotton Factories, both of which contain about 1000 spindles, 1 Paper Mill, 8 Cider DistilHop river washes the northeas-leries, 1 Tannery, 8 Grain Mills, tern border of the town, and con- 2 Carding Machines, 4 Fulling stitutes its boundary. This stream Mills and 7 Mercantile Stores. is a branch of the Willimantic. There are several small streams, which discharge their waters into Salmon river, that intersect the town.

North pond, a considerable body of water, is situated partly in this town and partly in Lebanon.

The town contains 2 located Congregational Societies & Churches, 1 Episcopal Society and Church, and 1 Society of Methodists. It contains 12 School Districts & Schools, & 1 small village, situated in the centre of the town. There are 4 Clergymen, 4 Phy

The turnpike road from Hart-sicians and 2 Lawyers. ford to Norwich leads through Hebron was first settled in 1704; the east section of this town; and belonging then, and for a long time one from Middletown to Provi-afterwards, to the county of Hartdence through its centre. ford. It was incorporated in 1707.

SOMERS.

SOMERS is situated in the|| stone; and the surface is diversifinorthwest corner of the county, being 22 miles northeast from Hartford, 12 miles southeast from Springfield, in Massachusetts, and 56 miles west from Providence.

It is bounded north on Massachusetts line, south on Ellington, east on Stafford, and west on Enfield, in Hartford county.

The township is nearly 6 miles in length, with a mean breadth of about 5 miles, comprising an area of 28 square miles. The western section of the town is considerably smooth and level, being free from

ed with hills of a moderate elevation. The soil is a gravelly loam, interspersed with some tracts of argillaceous loam, rich and fertile, and well adapted to a grain culture. The eastern part of the town is hilly and mountainous, containing some heights of considerable ele vation, affording an extensive and interesting prospect of Hartford, and the beautiful vale upon Connecticut river.

This mountainous tract is rough and stony, containing schistus, granite, and other rocks of a primi

tive formation.

Some iron ore has been found, but not in great quantities. The soil in this part of the town is hard and gravelly ;|| but it sustains some good orchards, and generally produces excellent pasturage.

linen, and also some of cotton. Other domestic manufactures receive attention, such as household furniture, casks, shoes, hats, straw bonnets, &c.

There is one small establishment of Woolen and Cotton ma

The natural growth of the fo-nufacture. rests is chesnut, butternut, oak, elm, walnut, ash and other deciduous trees.

The town is well watered, being intersected with numerous small streams or brooks; and Scantic river runs through it. This, here, is a rapid stream, frequently overflowing its banks, and affords small tracts of alluvial.

There are 3 Grain Mills, 4 Saw Mills, 1 Distillery, for grain, 6 for cider, 1 sma Forge, 2 Tanneries, 1 Carding Machine and Clothier's works, 6 Mercantile Stores and 1 Druggist's Store.

The taxable polls and estate of the town, in 1817, was $31,434.

Somers forms but one located or Ecclesiastical Society, and contains one Congregational Church. turn-There are a considerable number of Baptists, who, not being formed into a Society, are associated with the Baptist churches in the neighbouring towns.

Somers and Woodstock pike road, leading from Enfield bridge to Providence, passes thro' the centre of the town.

There were, in 1810, 1210 inhabitants; and there are now 135 qualified Electors, 145 Militia.comprising 2 companies, and 200 Dwelling houses.

The manufactures of the town are principally domestic. Most of the families manufacture a large portion of the coarser cloths for their own use, both woolen and

The town contains 9 School Districts, in each of which a common School is maintained for several months in the year. There are 2 Social Libraries, 3 Attornies, 3 Physicians and 1 Clergyman.

Somers was incorporated as a town in 1734.

STAFFORD.

STAFFORD is an elevated to south, more than 6 miles, compost township, situated upon the||prising an area of about 53 square northern border of the county and miles. State, 26 miles northeasterly from Hartford; bounded on the north by Massachusetts line, on the east by Union and Willington, on the south by Willington and Ellington, and on the west by Ellington and Somers. Its mean length, from east to west, is 8 and a half miles. and its mean breadth, from north

The general character of the township is that of an elevated, broken and mountainous country; but the western section is more conspicuously marked with these features.

Its geological structure is primitive; the rocks consisting of granite, micaceous schistus, and some

other original formations. The prevailing soil is a gravelly loam, hard and dry, but affording very good grazing.

distinct springs, the medicinal qualities of which are considered as essentially different. One of them contains a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali. This spring has been known and used for a length of time, and has been pronounced by chymists to be one of the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States. The other spring, the medicinal virtues of which were not known until about eight or nine years since, contains, according to the opinion of Professor Silliman, who examined it in 1810, a large portion of

There are several minerals in the town, of which iron ore is the most important, and abounds in various places. Several mines of it have been opened, which supply the furnaces that have been erected in the town. The ore used most, is called bog ore, and is of an excellent quality for casting. In the northerly section of the township, there is a valuable quarry of white fire proof stone, admirably calculated for furnace hearths; for which purpose it has been an article of exportation. It is a source of wealth to the pro-hydrogen gas of sulphur, and a prietor, as well as of convenience to the public.

The forests in this town, which|| are considerably extensive, consist of oak, walnut, maple, ash, chesnut and other deciduous trees.

small proportion of iron.

These springs were known to the native Indians, who used to bathe in them and drink the waters. They first made them known to the English, soon after the settlement of the town. But they had not acquired much celebrity, until about the year 1765, when a case occurred,

The agricultural productions consist of beef, cider, cider brandy, butter, cheese, wool and some others. The lands are best adap-calculated to establish and extend ted to grazing; and consequently the cultivation of grain receives but little attention.

their reputation. It was an effectual cure of a most obstinate cutaneous complaint, which had completely baffled all medicinal skill, and resisted all other applications. The publicity which was given to this case soon raised the reputation of these springs; and as a consequence of which, they immediately became a place of resort of persons afflicted with various diseases, and from almost eve

The town is well watered by the Willimantic, its branches, and Roaring brook, which afford numerous interesting and valuable sites for hydraulic works, of which there are several upon the two branches of the Willimantic, in the vicinity of the mineral springs, that at some future period may promote the growth of a manufac-ry quarter. Since the reputation turing village.

The mineral springs in this town have justly acquired "considerable celebrity. There are two

of the springs has been established, they have annually, in the summer season, been a place of much resort for the purposes of

health or pleasure; and within the larly those of iron. The iron malast five or six years, it has been nufactures consist of refined iron, estimated, that the number of vi- various kinds of castings, hollow sitors has annually been from six ware, &c. There are 2 Forges to nine hundred. The accommo- and 2 Furnaces constantly in opedations are ample and extensive;ration. The first furnace was built a very large and elegant building in 1779, is upon a large scale, and having been erected, which is oc-annually produces from 80 to 120 cupied as a hotel and boarding|| tons of hollow ware and other casthouse; besides which, there are ings. Cannon, cannon shot or several other boarding houses in balls, and a variety of articles for the vicinity. Hitherto, the ar- manufacturing and other kinds of rangements have been upon a scale machinery, are cast at this furnace. of such liberality and amplitude, The other furnace was erected in as to combine all the convenien- 1796, by a Company, of which ces and most of the luxuries which Mr. Nathaniel Hyde is the princiare to be found at any watering pal. The products of this furnace place in the United States. It has have usually amounted to about been estimated, that for some 90 tons annually; and, with the years past, the receipts from visi-exception of cannon, consist of all tors have amounted to five or six the varieties that are cast at the thousand dollars annually. The other furnace. In 1814, the price money, which is thus brought into of hollow ware was 60 dollars per the place from abroad, is a great ton, and solid castings, 5 cents per advantage to the town, and one pound. from which almost every class of Stafford castings are considered citizens is in some measure di- of an excellent quality, and esrectly or indirectly benefited; the teemed softer and more ductile farmer finds a market for small than any other in New-England. meats, vegetables, butter, poultry || The ore is obtained from the mines and other articles of his produce, within the town, is found in variand the mechanic for his industry.ous places, and is called lowland This town is accommodated with or bog ore. several excellent turnpike roads. Besides the manufactures of The great road from Hartford to iron, there are 2 Cotton FactoBoston leads through it. Upon ries, 1 Manufactory of Clocks, 3 this road, the principal mail from Clothiers' works, 2 Carding MaWashington to Boston is convey-chines, for customers, 3Tanneries, ed; and the Boston and Hartford || 6 Grain Mills and 12 Saw Mills. In line of stages daily pass upon it. addition to these more important There is also a turnpike leading and laborious manufacturing emfrom Somers to Woodstock, andployments, there are some which another leading from Norwich in- are attended to exclusively by feto Massachusetts, which pass thro' males, of which the manufacture this town. of straw braid is the most imStafford is considerably celebra-portant. Large quantities of straw ted for its manufactures, particu-||braid and bonnets are made and

There are, in the town, 6 Mer

sent abroad for a market, which || Society of Methodists and one of is equally important, regarded Universalists. These several Soas a source of profit, or as cieties are all accommodated with a means of promoting female in-houses for public worship. There dustry and habits of attention to is a primary or common School business, and a consequent ab-maintained in each of the School straction from light and frivolous Districts for a suitable portion of Occupations and amusements, or the year. the more unwarrantable employment of local detraction. This ma-cantile Stores, 9 Taverns, 2 Social nufacture is of recent date; and it Libraries, 3 Clergymen, 4 Physihas been estimated, that it already ciaps and 2 Attornies. produces from 8 to $10,000 per ann. The population of Stafford, in 1810, was 2355; and there are about 320 Dwelling houses, 300 Freemen or Electors, and 3 Com-Europe, Mr. Matthew Thompson panies of Militia.

The settlement of this town commenced about the year 1718, having been surveyed that year. Of the first settlers, two were from

and Mr. Robert White; the rest

The amount of taxable proper-were from Hadley and Woburn, ty, as rated in the lists, in 1816, Dedham and Weymouth, in Maswas $39,293. sachusetts, Haverhill, in NewHampshire, Windsor, Enfield and

The civil divisions of the town are 2 located Ecclesiastical Socie-Preston, in this State. The first ties or Parishes, and 19 School minister was settled in the town Districts. Besides the located, in 1723, there is a Society of Baptists, a

UNION.

UNION, an elevated interior ||itic region composing the elevated township, is situated 33 miles tract in the eastern part of the northeasterly from Hartford, and State. Iron ore has been found in 67 from New-Haven. It is bound-considerable quantities, but the ed on the north by Massachusetts mineralogy of the town has not line, on the east by Woodstock, on been explored by the skilfulness the south by Ashford and Willing-of art, or with the judgment of ton, and on the west by Stafford.scientific knowledge. Its extent, from east to west, is be- The soil is a mixture of loam tween 5 and 6 miles, and from north and gravel. Its natural growth is to south about the same; contain-oak, chesnut, walnut, beech, maple, ing nearly 30 square miles, or about ash, birch, wild cherry, pine and 19,000 acres. other perennial trees. The lands, The surface is broken, being when first cleared and cultivated, hilly and rocky. Its geological produce one heavy crop of rye, structure consists of granite, mi- or wheat, and afterwards make caceous schistus, and other primi-good pasturing or mowing. They tive rocks, being a part of the gran-are also adapted to the growth of