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effect of going too fast in, 69.

-duty of steamers in, in frequented channels, 70, 75.
on the high seas, 72.

speed of sailing vessels in, 73.

moving at all in, may be a fault, 74.

what is, 96.

sudden, may be inevitable accident, 100.

FOG-SIGNALS,

regulations concerning, 96.

FOREIGN SHIP,

whether bound by custom of English river, 54.

to what extent bound by English statutes, 178.
municipal regulations disregarded in Admiralty Court, 187.

FREIGHT,

how far liable to Admiralty arrest, 8, 168.

lost by collision recoverable as damages, 155.

what deductions to be made from, 155.

GIVING WAY,

definition of, 33.

HALF DAMAGES,

Admiralty rule as to, 3.

HARBOUR-MASTER,

compulsory, operates like pilot, 137.

HOVE-TO,

whether vessel hove-to is treated as if at anchor, 59.
duty of vessel in that position, 60.

HULL,

rules as to compulsory pilot for, 131.

INEVITABLE ACCIDENT,

definition of, 98.

examples of, 99.

INFERIOR COURTS,

jurisdiction of, 194.

INTEREST ON OUTLAY,

allowable as damages, 153.

JAMMING OF CABLE,

treated as inevitable accident, 100.

JURISDICTION,

of Admiralty Court, extent of, 188.
common law courts, 191.
Court of Chancery, 192.
Court of Session, 194.
inferior courts, 194.

Board of Trade, 195.

LACHES,

effect of, 222.

LAUNCH,

notice of, must be given, 62.

during, other vessels must keep clear, 62.

what is adequate notice of, 65.

LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNER,

principles regarding, 7.

does not extend to wilful collisions, 7.

LICENSE OF PILOT,

regulations as to, 136.

LIGHTS,

customary sea-law as to, 78-80.

with reference to, vessel hove-to is treated as vessel under

way, 79.

statutory regulations, 80-85.

LIGHTS (continued).

proper position of, 86.

onus probandi as to carrying of, 87.

excuses for not carrying, 89-90.

if carried away, must at once be replaced, 91.
steering, how affected by position of lights seen, 92.
effect of mistake from accidental extinction of, 94.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY,

by Act of Parliament, 171.

does not apply to costs or interest, 174.
each collision to be taken separately, 176.

LIVERPOOL,

rules as to compulsory pilotage for, 126.
LOCAL CUSTOMS,

do not justify departure from sea-rules, 47.
exceptions to this rule, 49–51.

LONDON,

rules as to compulsory pilotage for, 120.

LOOK-OUT,

want of proper, effect of, 67.

what is proper look-out, 68.

lese essential for ship closehauled on the starboard tack, 68.

LORDS, HOUSE OF,

decisions of, binding on Admiralty Court, 2.

MAIL CONTRACT,

no excuse for excessive speed, 71.

MEASURE OF DAMAGES (see DAMAGES).

MISSING STAYS,

in what cases an excuse for collision, 100.

NARROW CHANNEL,

what is, 51.

steering rules for, 46-66.

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personal L

rests with ship which runs into one at anchor, 58.

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claim for effects of, lost by collision, 158.
loss of life or personal injury, 158.
costs of maintenance, 155.

PASSENGER STEAMERS,

exemptions for compulsory pilotage, 124.

PILOT,

compulsory, ship not liable for fault of, 103.

but must be fault of pilot alone, 106.

responsible for bringing to, and getting under weir
not responsible for coming out of dock, 108.

nor for proper trim of ship, 109.

taking steam, 109.

sending down yards, 109.

giving orders from on board tug, effect of, 110.

present ru
principle
outset
what fact
court pro-

effect of a

PORTING F

time whe

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in what cases master should supersede pilot, 111–113.
may be compulsory, though selected from several, 137.
what is the test of compulsoriness, 114.

general legislation as to, 115.

RELEASE O

regulation:

1,58

-113.

37.

PILOT.-(continued).

exemptions from compulsion to take pilot, 118.
pilotage certificates for master or mate, 121.

local legislation as to London, 122.

Liverpool, 126.

Hull, 131.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 135.

license of, regulations as to, 136.

compulsory harbour-master operates as, 137.

personal liability of, 138.

PLEADINGS,

present rules as to, 203.

principle of, all facts relied on are to be set out from the

outset, 205.

what facts are to be thus set out, 206.

court proceeds secundum allegata et probata, 207.

effect of admissions in, 208.

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