except in shelter-decked vessels having efficient means provided for temporarily closing the openings in the shelter-deck in bad weather.

In the case of steamers coming under paragraphs 12 and 13, when the engine and boiler openings are not covered by an erection extending from side to side, bridge-houses may have an allowance not exceeding that which would be given for half the length of a bridge-house of the same character covering engines and boilers.

PARAS. 14 AND 15. -When the poop has no efficient bulkhead, or the bulkhead does not extend across the vessel, onehalf its length may be allowed, provided always proper freeing ports are fitted.

When the openings in the bulkhead are provided with efficient weather boards or other efficient temporary means of closing, and extending the full height of the openings, then the full length of the poop may be allowed.

In no case, however, shall shifting boards or any other temporary means of closing the openings in the bulkheads at the after end of a bridge-house, or fore end of a poop be considered satisfactory, unless the means of their attachment, whether by channels, hooks, cleats, or otherwise, are permanently secured to the bulkheads.

The standard heights of forecastles and raised quarter-decks, as defined in para. 11, pages 6 and 16, apply also to these paragraphs.

PARAS. 16 and 17. In the case of a sailing vessel having a forecastle and raised quarter-deck, or a raised quarter-deck only, the latter of less than 4 feet in height, the length of raised quarter-deck to be allowed should be in proportion to its height as compared with the standard height of 4 feet.

The provisions of the preceding paragraphs relating to the height of forecastles, bulkheads at the after end of forecastles and at the fore end of poops, and the means of closing openings in poop bulkheads, are also to be applied to sailing vessels dealt with under paras. 16 and 17.

"PARA. 18. SHEER. defined as follows:

Sheer of a gradual character is to be

"At the length of the vessel from the stem or sternpost the sheer is to be 55 per cent of the sheer at stem or sternpost; at the length from stem to sternpost 26 per cent, and at the length 7 per cent.

"In those cases in which the sheer is required to be taken at the stem and sternpost and the sheer is found to be not of the grad

ual character, the following method of computing the effective mean sheer is to be used:

"Let S = mean of the actual sheers at stem and sternpost; "Let Si = mean of sheers at length from stem and sternpost ÷ .55.

"If S is greater than S, the effective mean sheer to be used in the computation of freeboard is S1.

"If S is less than S1 the effective mean sheer to be used is

S+ Si 2

"In those cases in which the sheer is required to be taken at of the vessel's length from stem or from sternpost the sheer as actually measured at the prescribed point may be used in ordinary cases without any correction on account of a departure of the sheer line from the gradual character.

of

"When correcting the depth of hold for excess or deficiency of sheer (paragraph 3, page 23), the mean of the sheers at vessel's length from stem and from sternpost divided by .55 should in all cases be taken as the vessel's actual sheer for this purpose.

In cases where there is no forecastle the sheer is to be measured at the stem and sternpost, and corrections made for it in all respects as in the case of flush-decked vessels.

When the bridge-house is enclosed, the sheer should be taken at the stem and sternpost and the freeboard corrected for sheer in estimating the allowance for erections. When the bridgehouse is not enclosed at both ends, the sheer should be measured as if there were no bridge-house, and the freeboard should or should not be corrected for sheer in estimating the allowance for erections, according as the sheer is measured at the stem or at length from the stem.

SUB-PARA. (a). Surveyors should note that paras. 11 and 12 apply either to vessels of the ordinary well-decked type or to vessels having a poop and forecastle with a disconnected bridgehouse.

SUB-PARA. (d). -The extent of the depressed part of the sheer covered by deck erections is to be allowed for in applying this rule.

SUB-PARA. (e). — In vessels obtaining an allowance for deck erections under para. 11 and having considerably less than the normal sheer, the freeboard should be modified in consideration of the decrease of height of deck in the "well."

SUB-PARA. (f). — In flush-deck vessels the total standard means the sheer measured at the stem and sternpost. In vessels

having poops and forecastles, it means the sheer measured at points distant of the vessel's length from stem and sternpost.

In vessels obtaining an allowance for deck erections under para. 11, where the sheer drops abaft amidships, the height of the raised quarter-deck is to be taken from the level of the top of the midship beam.

PARA. 19-ROUND OF BEAM. - In flush-deck sailing vessels the excess of round of beam for which an allowance is made shall not exceed the standard round of beam; and for sailing vessels having erections on deck the allowance shall be further reduced in proportion to the extent of the main deck uncovered.

Table A.

The deductions for summer in vessels having deck erections is to be intermediate between those required by Tables A and C in proportion to the length of the ship covered by those erections.

Table B.

All vessels equal in strength to Lloyd's spar-decked rule, or which, although in excess of that rule, do not come up to Lloyd's requirements for ships of full scantlings to the upper deck, are to be considered as spar-decked ships, the freeboard for which will vary with their strength.

When the height between decks is greater or less than 7 feet, the consequent modification in freeboard will vary from to the excess or deficiency of height, the exact proportion to depend upon the strength of the vessel.

In spar-decked vessels where the height between main and spar deck exceeds 7 feet, the numbers for scantlings should be found assuming the height between decks to be 7 feet; if both these numbers are in the same grades as the actual scantling numbers of the vessel, the correction for height between decks is to be of the excess of height above 7 feet. If both the Scantling numbers so found are in higher grades than those of the actual vessel, of the excess of height is to be added, and if either one of these scantling numbers is in a higher grade, of the excess of height is to be added. The same principle will apply in cases where the height between decks is less than 7 feet.

Since the freeboard is measured from the spar deck, it will be increased if the 'tween deck height is more, and decreased if it is less than 7 feet.

ual character, the following method of computing the effective mean sheer is to be used:

"Let S mean of the actual sheers at stem and sternpost; "Let Si = mean of sheers at length from stem and sternpost ÷ .55.

"If S is greater than S1 the effective mean sheer to be used in the computation of freeboard is S1.

"If S is less than S1 the effective mean sheer to be used is

S+ Si 2

"In those cases in which the sheer is required to be taken at of the vessel's length from stem or from sternpost the sheer as actually measured at the prescribed point may be used in ordinary cases without any correction on account of a departure of the sheer line from the gradual character.

When correcting the depth of hold for excess or deficiency of sheer (paragraph 3, page 23), the mean of the sheers at of vessel's length from stem and from sternpost divided by .55 should in all cases be taken as the vessel's actual sheer for this purpose.

In cases where there is no forecastle the sheer is to be measured at the stem and sternpost, and corrections made for it in all respects as in the case of flush-decked vessels.

When the bridge-house is enclosed, the sheer should be taken at the stem and sternpost and the freeboard corrected for sheer in estimating the allowance for erections. When the bridgehouse is not enclosed at both ends, the sheer should be measured as if there were no bridge-house, and the freeboard should or should not be corrected for sheer in estimating the allowance for erections, according as the sheer is measured at the stem or at length from the stem.

SUB-PARA. (a). Surveyors should note that paras. 11 and 12 apply either to vessels of the ordinary well-decked type or to vessels having a poop and forecastle with a disconnected bridgehouse.

SUB-PARA. (d). - The extent of the depressed part of the sheer covered by deck erections is to be allowed for in applying this rule.

SUB-PARA. (e). In vessels obtaining an allowance for deck erections under para. 11 and having considerably less than the normal sheer, the freeboard should be modified in consideration of the decrease of height of deck in the "well."

SUB-PARA. (f). — In flush-deck vessels the total standard means the sheer measured at the stem and sternpost. In vessels

having poops and forecastles, it means the sheer measured at points distant of the vessel's length from stem and sternpost.

In vessels obtaining an allowance for deck erections under para. 11, where the sheer drops abaft amidships, the height of the raised quarter-deck is to be taken from the level of the top of the midship beam.

PARA. 19-ROUND OF BEAM. In flush-deck sailing vessels the excess of round of beam for which an allowance is made shall not exceed the standard round of beam; and for sailing vessels having erections on deck the allowance shall be further reduced in proportion to the extent of the main deck uncovered.

Table A.

The deductions for summer in vessels having deck erections is to be intermediate between those required by Tables A and C in proportion to the length of the ship covered by those erections.

Table B.

All vessels equal in strength to Lloyd's spar-decked rule, or which, although in excess of that rule, do not come up to Lloyd's requirements for ships of full scantlings to the upper deck, are to be considered as spar-decked ships, the freeboard for which will vary with their strength.

When the height between decks is greater or less than 7 feet, the consequent modification in freeboard will vary from to the excess or deficiency of height, the exact proportion to depend upon the strength of the vessel.

In spar-decked vessels where the height between main and spar deck exceeds 7 feet, the numbers for scantlings should be found assuming the height between decks to be 7 feet; if both these numbers are in the same grades as the actual scantling numbers of the vessel, the correction for height between decks is to be of the excess of height above 7 feet. If both the scantling numbers so found are in higher grades than those of the actual vessel, of the excess of height is to be added, and if either one of these scantling numbers is in a higher grade, of the excess of height is to be added. The same principle will apply in cases where the height between decks is less than 7 feet.

Since the freeboard is measured from the spar deck, it will be increased if the 'tween deck height is more, and decreased if it is less than 7 feet.