“Now, in the first place, the method proposed is more natural than the latter, because, when the two sides are taken together, their trigonometrical relation to each other is immediately perceived, which, when they are separate is not so apparent. Again, since the term sine or cosine is determined altogether by that side which we make radius, the term radius should, according to the natural progress of ideas, immediately precede the term sine, cosine, &c."— page 28. After this introductory chapter, we come to what may be considered more peculiarly the object of this treatise. In general the cases into which the different sailings may be divided, are used merely as a vehicle for exercising the learner in plane trigonometry. That error has been avoided here, as every example which is given in the chapter which explains these matters, is a useful problem in navigation. We must not, however, thus hastily dismiss that part which treats of what is usually called great circle sailing. Most mariners are aware that this method alone gives the proper courses to be steered, in order to make most directly to any distant port to which the vessel may be bound; but it also shews something more. By this sailing, it may be ascertained how far a ship may deviate from her apparent direct course, in search of a wind, or from any other cause, without increasing the number of miles that she has to run, in order to reach her destination. Highly useful as this method of navigation appears, it has hardly ever been practiced, owing to the complicated form in which the rules have been laid down! Kerigan in his laborious work on navigation, published in 1826, has attempted to simplify the rules, but the directions which he gives are of too complicated a nature to be followed by the generality of seamen. In the work before us, all these difficulties are completely mastered, and great circle sailing is now rendered almost as easy as Mercator's. The plan which Lieutenant Raper adopts for solving the different cases by inspection is very short, and will be the method commonly used at sea. This is effected by a new and original table devised by himself, and will be hereafter of the utmost importance in the science of navigation. Without entering into any long account of this table, we shall only generally state, that by its aid spherical triangles can be solved much in the same manner, that plane right-angled triangles may be solved by the aid of what is commonly called the traverse table. After the sailings, we have an excellent and original chapter on taking departures, in which the most accurate and useful methods of ascertaining distances from the land are clearly explained. In that portion of the work which treats of nautical astronomy, no rule is omitted for any possible case that may occur, and the work concludes with a chapter explanatory of the proceedings that are necessary for the safe navigating of a ship; in short, pointing out the best manner of making a practical application of all the matters which have been previously treated. Many of the tables are quite original. Table 3, which is entitled spherical traverse table, we have already alluded to as performing for spherical triangles all that the present common traverse table does for right angled triangles. This table will no doubt be very soon extensively used, more particularly if the author performs his promise of publishing it separately in a more extended form. After the logarithmic sines, &c., is given a table for interpolation, by which the seconds if required may be taken out at once. Table 61 is the log. sine square calculated to fifteen seconds of space, and six places of logarithms, and is used in all the rules given in nautical astronomy, the answer being always to be found in this table. All the tables used in clearing the lunar distance are so arranged, that allowance may either be made or omitted for the height of the barometer and thermometer. But it would be only trying the patience of the reader to proceed further, therefore, the last table to which we shall refer, is that containing maritime positions, although not placed last in this work, as it comes in its natural and legitimate order, immediately after the table of meridional parts. It has been too much the practice for authors to compile this table, principally from such books of navigation as have preceeded their own, ENLARGED SERIES.-NO. 2.-VOL. FOR 1841. T not paying sufficient attention to the longitudes more accurately ascertained, and to be found inserted in Foreign and English sailing directions;—in the proceedings of the geographical society, in the pages of this journal, or occasionally only in manuscript, either at the hydrographical office, or in the possession of individuals. But we are happy to find this is far from being the case here. We have carefully examined Lieutenant Raper's table, and it appears to us, to have been mainly compiled from those very sources of information to which we have already alluded, sources which have hitherto been too much neglected; in short, we may consider, that we have a compendium of what is actually known on this subject, so that we have now a starting point to go from in the future attempts that may be made, to determine with greater accuracy the longitudes of maritime places. But we have other matters pressing on us for attention, and we must again defer the remainder of our notice of this valuable work for another number. NEW CHARTS. THE NATUNA ISLANDS-Surveyed by M. E. Paris, in the Corvette La Favorite, commanded by M. La Place.-1831. With this chart, a ship may approach the islands in any direction with confidence to within a few miles; indeed, we consider it an indispensible accompaniment to Horsburgh's account of the islands, as there are several minor points in which the two authorities differ in some degree, and one or two dangers appear that are not alluded to by Horsburgh. THE STRAIT OF MALACCA-WESTERN PART. A neat useful sailing chart, the authorities for which appear to be for the Coast of Sumatra, Lieutenants W. Rose, and R. Moresby, the Strait of Calam, Capt. W. F. W. Owen, RN., Penang Island and Strait, Lieut. T. Woore, RN., the Arroa Islands and North Sands, Capt. D. Ross, of the Bombay Marine, and the whole adapted to the valuable Directory of Capt. Horsburgh. THE STRAIT OF MALACCA.-EASTERN PART. A similar neat chart; the authorities as before stated: the Siac river and the Straits adjacent to it forming a prominent feature. THE ARROA ISLANDS WITH THE NORTH SANDS AND CALAM STRAIT. Shewing on an enlarged scale the navigable approaches to these dangers, and a useful chart to vessels availing themselves of the advantage of entering the Malacca Strait by the secure passage afforded by the Calam Strait. THE BASHEE AND BINTANG CHANNELS. We congratulate our seamen, on having thus in a convenient and useful form even the meagre results of navigators as long as they are carefully digested. This chart we find which is most important, as shewing the high road between Formosa and the Phillipine Islands, has been constructed from loose and conflicting authorities, as is shewn by its unfinished appearance, but great pains have been taken to render it as useful as possible, and it is decidedly more correct than any former publication of this part. PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. PROMOTIONS. CAPTAIN-R. Shepheard Triscott. COMMANDER-T. H. Holman. LIEUTENANT-J. Allen, (u). (The above are the annual coast guard promotions.) COMMANDERS-A. Murray, (b) and B. Duncan, commissions dated November 4th, 1840, LIEUTENANTS-J. E. F. Risk, commission dated November 5th, 1840, to stand next in seniority to R. White. J. H. Woolward, the Hon. G. D. Keane, C. R. Carter, commission dated November 5th, 1840, and to stand on the list for seniority immediately after F. H. Stanfell. L. G. Heath, for passing best examination at the Royal Naval Collego. PURSERS C. Dealy, W. G. Tomlinson, R. T. Crispin, J. Brickwood, W. Stanway, J. Harkshaw, W. H. Dutton, R. L. Sutherland, E. A. Smyth, and H. H. Chimmo. DEPUTY INSPECTOR OF HOSPITALS S. J. Swayne. APPOINTMENTS. CAPTAIN-C. Wyvill to Cleopatra. COMMANDERS-J. Richardson (b) to Phoenix-The Hon. H. A. Murray to Wasp G. G. Loch to Vesuvius-A. Murray to Hydra-C. Birkett to Bellerophon-W. H. Hall to Benbow-W. Clark to Edinburgh-D. Curry to HastingsW. Toby to Powerful-H. Bingham to Princess Charlotte-G. Lowe to Rerenge. LIEUTENANTS-F. P. B. J. Sulivan, and T. Heard to Powerful-E. W. Sanders to Bellerophon-C. D. O'Brien, and F. H. Stanfell to Benbow-G. E Patey to Carysfort-H. Stewart to Castor-G. J. R. Snow, and S. F. Short to Cyclops -J. Blackmore to Edinburgh-R. D. Stupart to Gorgon-J. A. Shears to Hastings-R. M. Floud to Hazard-H. Warren to Pique-A. Farquhar, R. Jenner, A. Cumming, R. Hoops, J. Allen, J. M. Smyth, R. White, G. Johnson, T. Whipple, L. P. Burrell, and G. H. Sunderland to Princess Charlotte-G. Wyke to Revenge-W. Chamberlain to Stromboli-M. H. Rodney, and W. Gennys to Talbot-R. Williams to Thunderer-J. M. Boxer to Vesuvius-W. K. O. Price, Wasp-W. F. M. Tollemache Pelican E. N. Troubridge to Southampton-The Hon. C. Keane, and J. Sanderson to Excellent. MASTER-R. B. Graham to Hazard. MATES-L. P. Pigott, W. H. Bridge, from Excellent, and G. M. Greathead to Indus-C. J. F. Ewart, from Excel lent to Monarch-L. C. H. Tonge to Vernon-O. Borland, and J. Borlase to Excellent-B. Young to Phoenix-M. Lloyd to Hecate-H. D. Chads from Excellent to Endymion-H. de Lisle do. to Phoenix-D. M'Leod Mackenzie do. to Iris A. Key from Cleopatra to Excellent-G. S. Boys from Buzzard to Vernon-W. Willie to Albert, (st. v.) -F. Martin to Ferret-W. Baugh to Impregnable-E. Hill to Indus. SECOND Masters-W. Diaper to Athol -W. Pettigrew to Pluto-G. Hicks to Nightingale-J. Scarlett (acting) to Queen. VOL. 1ST CLASS-W. Babbington to Indus. MASTER'S ASSISTANT-C. E. Maitland to Phoenix. ASSISTANT SURGEONS-C. Daniell to Apollo-D. Thompson, and D. Whip. ple to Haslar hospital-A. Stewart to Portsmouth dockyard-D. A. Newman to Plymouth dockyard-J. Peters to Pluto-T. K. Beatty to Queen-J. Andrews to Ranger-R. Hayward to Edinburgh-T. K. Beattie to Stromboli-D. Gamble to Revenge-T. Miller to Queen-D. O'Callaghan to Phoenix-G. Rae, MD., to Caledonia.-W. R. Dalton to Lizard-O, Ferguson to Nightingale J. Harvey to Raven. CLERKS W. Bateman (in charge) to Lizard v. Millingham, appointment cancelled-J. W. Cole (in charge) to Nightingale-T. Mundy (in charge) to Ferret. Mr. Doyle, clerk of the Apollo, and Mr. Parminter, clerk of the Phoenix, have passed their examination for pursers. NAVAL INSTRUCTORS-J. Addison, W. Witmarsh to Excellent to qualify. COAST GUARD-Lieutenant- Richard Bayley Bowden to be chief officer. Mates-William Henry Walters, and Charles Frederick Collett (1835) to be chief officer. MOVEMENTS AND STATIONS OF HER MAJESTY'S NAVY. AT HOME. ETNA, 6, Lieut. com. J. Wilson, Liverpool. ALBAN, (st. v.) Mr. J King, 24th Dec. put into Cork, 28th sailed. ALBERT, (st. v.) Capt. D. Trotter, on way to Deptford. APOLLO, (tr. sh.), Mr, A. Karley, left Portsmouth. ASTREA, 6, Capt. J. Plumridge, Falmouth. ATHOL, 28, (tr. sh.) Jan. 3d, left Portsmouth for Cork. AVON, (st. v.) Lieut.com. R. Prit chard, Plymouth station. BELLEISLE, 72, Capt. J. T. Nicholas, Plymouth. CALEDONIA, 120, Capt. H. Eden, Plymouth. CAMPERDOWN, 104, Capt. Sir H. L. Baker, Sheerness. COMET, (st. v.) Lieut. F. Syer, Plymouth. Chatham. HARLEQUIN, IMPREGNABLE, 110, Capt. T. Forrest, Plymouth. INCONSTANT, 36, Capt. Pring, 28th December left Plymouth, with supplies for homeward bound. INDUS, 84, Capt. Sir James Stirling, Portsmouth. IRIS, 28, Capt. H. Nurse, 18th Jan. in the Downs on way to Portsmouth. LIGHTNING, (st. v.) Lieut.-com. R. N. Williams, home service. LIZARD, (st. v.) Lieut. W. G. Estcourt, Portsmouth. LUCIFER, Capt. W. F. Beechey, surveying St. Georges Channel. MASTIFF, (s. v.) Mr. G. Thomas, Woolwich. MONARCH, 84, Capt. J. Chambers, Sheerness. NAUTILUS, Lieut.-com. G. Beaufoy, Sheerness. NIGHTINGALE, Lt.-com. W. Southey, home service. OCEAN, 80, Capt. Sir J. Hill, Sheer QUEEN, 110, Capt. J. W. Montague, Portsmouth. RAVEN, 4, Lieut.-com. D. R. Mapleton, Sheerness. SALAMANDER, (st. v.) Com. H. Henry, 30th Dec. at Sheerness from Norway in search of HMS. Fairy, 18th Jan. left Sheerness for Portsmouth. SAN JOSEF, 10, Capt. J. N. Taylor, CB., Plymouth. SAPPHIRE, (tr. sh.) Mas.-com. G. Cole, home service. SAVAGE, 10, Lieut. J. H. Bowker, Plymouth. SEAFLOWER, 4, Lieut.-com. N. Robilliard, Portsmouth. SNIPE, 2, Lieut.-com. T. Baldock, Ireland. SOUDAN, (st. v.) Com. B. Allen, Deptford. SPEEDY, 2, Lieut.-com. J. A. Wright, Sheerness. SPITFIRE, Lieut.-com. J. Evans, Woolwich. ACHERON, (st. v.) Lieut.-com. A. Kennedy. ACORN, 16, Com. J. Adams, Cape of Good Hope. ACTAEON, 26, Capt. R. Russell, South America. ALECTO, (st. v.) Lieut. com. W. Hoseason, Mediterranean. ALGERINE, 10, Lieut.-com. T. H. Mason, East Indies. ALLIGATOR, 26, Capt. Sir J. J. G. Bremer, East Indies. ANDROMACHE, 26, Capt. R. L. Baynes, CB. Cape of Good Hope. ARROW, 10, Lieut.-com. W. Robinson, Brazils and Cape of Good Hope. ASIA, 84, Capt. W. Fisher, Mediterranean. BASILISK, 6, Lieut. J. C. Gill, South America. BEACON, (s. v.) Lieut.-com. Thomas Graves, Mediterranean. BEAGLE, (s. v.) Com. J. C. Wickham, Australia. BELLEROPHON, 80, Capt. C. J. Austin, 20th Dec. in bay of Marmorice. BENBOW, 72, Capt. H. Stewart, 20th December at Marmorice bay. BLAZER, (st. v.), Lt.-com. J. Steane, 12th Dec. left Madeira for West Indies. BLENHEIM, 72, Capt. Sir H. F. Senhouse, East Indies. BLONDE, 42, Capt. T. Bourchier, East Indies. BRISK, 3, Lieut.-com. G. Sprigg, 24th Oct. arrived at St. Helena on her way to Cape. BRITANNIA, 120, Capt. J. Drake, Mediterranean. BRITOMART, 10, Com. O. Stanley, Australia. BUZZARD, 3, Lieut.-com. R. T. Levinge, Coast of Africa. CALCUTTA, 84, Capt. Sir J Roberts, CB. 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay. CALLIOPE, 26, Capt. T. Herbert, S. America, or sailed for China. CAMBRIDGE, 78, Capt. E. Barnard, 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay. CAMELION, 10, Lieut.-com. G. M. Hunter, Brazils and Cape. CARYSFORT, 26, Capt. H. B. Martin, CB. 11th Dec. arrived at Alexandria from the Levant. CASTOR, 36, Capt. E. Collier, 30th Dec. Malta for Marmorice bay. CHARYBDIS, 3, Lieut.-com. E. B. Tinling, West Indies. CHILDERS, 16, Com. E. P. Halstead, 13th Nov. left Sangor roads on a cruize. CLEOPATRA, 26, Capt. A. Milne, 18th Nov. left Barbados for Antigua. C10, 16, Com. S. G. Freemantle, Brazils and Cape Good Hope. COLUMBIA, (st. v.) Master-com. A. Thompson, West India. COLUMBINE, 16, Com. G. Elliott, 6th Aug. left Macao for the Bogue. COMUS, 18, Com. E. Nepean, West Indies. CONFIANCE, (st. v.) Lieut.-com. E. Stopford, Mediterranean. CONWAY, 26, Capt. C. R. D. Bethune, East Indies. CROCODILE, 26, Capt. A. Milne, 17th Nov. arrived at Jamaica, in twelve days from Bermuda. CRUIZER, 16, Com. H. W. Gifford, East Indies. CURACOA, 24, Capt. J. Jones, Brazil and Cape. CURLEW, 10, Lieut.-com. T. Ross, 3d Nov. arrived at Cape of Good Hope, from Quillimaine. CYCLOPS, (st. v.) Capt. H. T. Austen, CB., Mediterranean. CYGNET, 10, Lieut. E. Wilson, coast of Africa. DAPHNE, 18, Com. J. W. Dalling, 20 December in Marmorice bay. DEE, (st. v.) J. Sherer, KH., West Indies. DIDO, 18, Capt. L. Davis, cв., 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay. DOLPHIN, 3, Lieut.-com. E. Littlehales, 17th Oct. at St. Helena, Ist Nov, at Ascension. DRUID, 44, Capt. H. Smith, CB., 4th Aug. arrived at Macao, 10th sailed for the Bogue. EDINBURGH, 72, Capt. W. W. Henderson, KH. 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay ELECTRA, 18, Com. E. P. Mainwaring, South America. EREBUS, Capt. J. Ross, particular ser FAWN, Lieut.-com. J. Foote, 12th Oct. arrived at Rio from Buenos Ayres. FIREFLY, (st. v.) Lieut. Winniett, West Indies. FLAMER, (st. v.) Lieut.-com. W. Robson, West Indies. 29th Aug. left Aura, for Princess Island, coast of Africa. GANGES, 84, Capt. B. Reynolds, CB., 13th Dec. in Marmorice bay. GLEANER, (st. v.) Lt.-com. J. Jeayes, West Indies. GORGON, (st. v.) Capt. W. Henderson, CB, 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay. GRECIAN, 16, Com. W. Smyth, 4th Oct. left Rio for River Plate, 17th returned. GRIFFON, 3, Lieutenant-com. J. G. D' Urban, 19th Nov. arrived at Barbados. HASTINGS, 72, Capt. J Lawrance, CB., Mediterranean. HAZARD, 72, Capt. Hon. C. G. J. Elliott, 29th Dec. in Marmorice bay. HECATE, (st. v.) Com. H. Ward, Mediterranean. HECLA, (st. v.) Lieut.-com. J. Cragg, West Indies. HERALD, 26, Capt. J. Nias, 24th Aug. arrived at Anger from Sydney, 9th Oct. arrived at Singapore, 19th sailed. HORNET,6, Lieut.-com R. Miller, 30th November left Jamaica for Chagres. Howe, 120, Capt. Sir W. O. Pell, 16th December at Malta, 30th sailed for Marmorice bay. HYACINTH, 18, Com. W. Warren, 4th Aug. arrived at Macao, 6th sailed for the Broadway. HYDRA, (st. v.) Com. A. Murray, 17th Dec. arrived at Malta from Beyrout. IMPLACABLE, 74, Capt. E. Harvey, 20 Dec, in Marmorice bay. JASEUR, 16, Com. F. M. Boultbee, 11 December, arrived at Cadiz from Gibraltar, 7th Jan. at Gibraltar. JUPITER, (tr. sh.) Mas-com. R. Fulton, East Indies. KITE, (st. v.) Lieutenant com. G. Snell, West Indies. LARK, (s. v.) Lieut.-com. T. Smith, West Indies, 23d arrived at Havana. LARNE, 18, Com. P. J. Blake, 4th Aug. arrived at Macao. LILY, 16, Com. J. J. Allen, Cape of Good Hope, LOCUST, (st. v.) Com. J. Lunn, 27th Dec. left Gibraltar for Malta. LYNX, Lieut.-com. H. Broadhead, 1st Oct. at Accra. MAGICIENNE, 24, Capt. F. T. Michell 20th Dec. in Marmorice bay. MAGNIFICENT, 72, Commodore P. J. Douglas, Jamaica. MAGPIE, (s. v.) Lieutenant-com. T. S. Brock, Mediterranean. MEDEA, (st. v.) Com. F. Warden, 13 December left Malta for Levant, 23d at Malta. MELVILLE, 72, Capt. Hon. R. S. Dun FORESTER, 3, Lieut-com. Norcock, das, East Indies. |