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Inspruck, and then Munich, where we were glad to rest nearly a fortnight, and had the comfort of going to a little quiet English Church, which is such a refreshment as those only can appreciate who have been travelling long in Roman Catholic countries. There is an English Chapel, at each of the large cities. At Naples, it is just tolerated in the house of our Consul, but at Rome his Holiness will not allow the odour of his sanctity to be intruded upon by heretic worship, within the walls of the city; so the chapel is established outside the gates; but there, even, no strain of psalmody is permitted, lest the sound should fall upon the ears of the faithful! George the fourth, in his abundant toleration, sent 10,000l. towards the building of the Roman Catholic Church of St. Paul's at Rome, which was burnt down, and is rebuilding in a style of splendour that we protestants here have no idea of; but thanks be" to Him whose Altar is all space," the prayers from our humble parish Churches go as direct to the throne of grace as from those gorgeous fanes. But to return to Munich, which is the finest city I have seen in Europe, the broad spacious streets and fine houses, and beautiful public gardens are really superb. There is no appearance of commerce, but the people seemed to be thriving and happy, and it was a relief to have well scrubbed floors and clean chambermaids after the dirt of Italy.

"From Munich we went by railroad to Augsburgh, thence by Stutgard and Darmstadt, both fine towns, to Heidelberg where we were delighted with the far-famed Chateau, and the tun of monstrous dimensions, holding 283,200 bottles! Journeying on we came to Frankfort which has not half the bustle or population I expected, but is, as all the world knows, one of those important free towns which the Germanic powers look so sharp after, that no one in it can say a stone is his own.

"At Heidelberg and indeed in other parts of Germany the fame of a curative system by cold water had reached us, its powers almost surpassing the waters of the Brunnens of Nassau, celebrated by three editions of Sir Francis Heads "Bubbles": so, hearing that there was one of these establishments at Boppard an insignificant place on the Rhine between Mayence and Coblentz, it was determined our next stop should be there, so after admiring all the works of it which lay in our way, we now determined to view those of nature, and to witness the sanative effects of cold water. Dr. Schmidt who is the manager, had purchased an old convent of immense size at Boppard, in which he has above 200 patients, undergoing ablutions of every description, shower baths, hip baths, flowing baths, fountains and rivers of cold water to be drunk. The system was first practised at Graafenberg near Vienna, by a man named Priessnitz, to whom thousands flock yearly, who it is said wash and are clean. There are now sixty establishments of the kind in Germany: this one is well conducted, and the cures are surprising, and every one there is satisfied with the progress made towards recovery. The system is efficacious in rheumatic gout."

GRANT'S PATENT FUEL FOR STEAM BOATS.

We learn with great satisfaction, that this important invention of our ingenious townsman is at last to be brought into general use. The Admiralty, after a long series of experiments made under their directions, by Mr, Grant, and followed up by frequent trials of his fuel in her Majesty's steam vessels, instructed him some time ago to take out a patent, chiefly, we suppose, to secure themselves and the public against the interference of any pretenders to the invention. This point being settled, it became the wish, as it was the obvious duty of government, to extend the benefits of Mr. Grant's labours to the country at large.

Numerous applications having been made to Mr. Grant, by the various steam vessel companies, for permission to make use of his patent, the Admiralty, in a spirit of enlarged policy, have, as we understand directed that gentleman to refer all persons to them who desire licenses, to mauufacture his fuel, and we have no doubt that their Lordships' sanction will be given accordingly. But we trust, the terms will be so moderate as to render it the interest of those extensive companies, whose vessels now cover so many seas, to employ this new agent for the production of their steam power.

A word or two on the nature and properties, as well as the practical advantages of Mr. Grant's fuel, will probably not be unacceptable to our readers generally, and may prove useful to such persons as are engaged in steam boat enterprises on the large scale.

It is not our purpose, nor would it be proper, to describe minutely Mr. Grant's process, it will be enough to say, that his fuel is made of coal dust and other ingredients, mixed together, in certain definite proportions, and then fashioned, by a peculiar process, into the shape and size of common bricks. The advantages of Mr. Grant's patent fuel over even the best coal may be said to consist-First, in its superior efficacy in generating steam, which may be stated in this way,-200 tons of this fuel, will perform the same work as 300 tons of coal, such as is generally used. Secondly, it occupies less space, that is to say, 500 tons of it may be stowed in an area which will contain only 400 tons of coal. Thirdly, it is used with much greater ease by the stokers or firemen than coal is, and it creates little or no dirt, and no dust: considerations of some importance when the delicate machinery of a steam engine is considered. Fourthly, it produces a very small proportion of clinkers, and thus is far less liable to choke and destroy the furnace bars and boilers, than coal is. Fifthly, the ignition is so complete, that comparatively little smoke, and only a small quantity of ashes are produced by it. Sixthly, the cost of the quantity of Mr. Grant's fuel required to generate in a given time a given amount of steam, is so much less than that of the quantity of coal which would be consumed in effecting the same purpose, that, even if the advantages of stowage, cleanliness, and facility of handling, were not to be taken into the account, the patent fuel would still recommend itself to the attention of all steam boat proprietors.-Hants. Telegraph.

NEGLECT OF THE LEAD.

Calcutta, June 12th, 1841.

SIR.-Permit me to remind your correspondent, who signs himself “An Old Tar," that he has not mentioned, neglect in not keeping the lead properly hove on approaching land in dangers, and which I am of opinion is the cause of more losses at sea than all those contained in his long list put together. Some short time ago, a fine new ship run on shore at Coveling, (I shall not mention the ship's name,) through the lead not being properly hove; and again, a fine ship with troops on board run on Point Palmyras reef, without even sounding at all. I have only mentioned these two instances, and which are quite sufficient evidence to convince my brother officers of the merchant service, that they should be more careful, and not place too much confidence in themselves when they are approaching dangers. I actually saw a sailor, in the chains of a ship 500 tons, heaving out a small hand-lead, while running into the anchorage on the west side of the "Car Nicobars," where it is not prudent for a ship of that size to anchor under fifteen fathoms, which is got at the second cast. I cannot conceive the reason of the officers in the navy, as well as in the merchant service, treating the use of the deepsea-lead with so much contempt,-for my part, although not an old sailor, I cannot rest when I know it is time to have a "cast."

To the Editor, &c.

Yours, &c.,

RODNEY.

ADMIRAL CROWE.

Smith-square, Westminster, 20th Sept., 1841. MR. EDITOR. Observing in the Nautical Magazine, No. 9, for September, a biographical notice of Admiral Sir Robert Crown, I beg leave to say his name was Crowe not Crown. In the year 1798, I was in the Blonde, (troop ship,) sent to Revel for Russian troops to co-operate with the British in Holland, Admiral Crowe we found lying in Revel Bay with a large Russian fleet; and Admiral Gregg with eight sail of the line, full of troops, sailed two days after our arrival, we having been detained with contrary winds, prevented us from joining him.

Admiral Crowe's nephew, the late Capt. Crowe, was a constant visiter at my house until he sailed for Sydney, New South Wales, and there recently lost his life through carelessness, in not putting the gratings of the hatchway properly on. In the act of crossing over, the hatchway gave way, he fell into the hold, a depth of twenty feet, and was killed on the spot.

Both Admirals Crowe and Gregg I was acquainted with, and also with part of Crowe's family, who are now in England; I merely state this to correct the name of Crown to Crowe.

To the Editor, &c.

Your's truly,

C. E. HOUGHTON,
Com., R.N.

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THE GOODWIN LIGHTHOUSE.-Much interest has been occasioned at the town of Deal, by the preparations of Mr. Bush, (a skilful civil engineer,) to make the interesting experiment of establishing a lighthouse on the Goodwin Sand,-an operation at once involving a great outlay of capital, at a great risk of total failure; but the benefits of which, if it succeeds, will be felt by vessels of all nations, and may at no distant date, become the means of recovering those long submerged and dangerous sands. We must reserve our description of Mr. Bush's plan for another number; but we may briefly observe, that he proceeds on the principle of the caisson to obtain a foundation on the saud, and then by large iron cylinders placed one upon another to construct his light-house. At the time we write, the machine is about to be towed out to its station by her Majesty's steam vessels Fearless and Shearwater, the former commanded by Capt. Bullock, whose beacon we are glad to find still preserves its position. We cordially wish Mr. Bush success with his enterprise, as must every friend to commerce and to seamen, and we shall watch and report his progress with lively interest.

ICEBERGS OFF THE CAPE.

Calcutta, 14th March, 1841.

SIR. Should you deem the following extract from my journal, worthy of a place in your Magazine, I shall feel obliged by your inserting it, as it may call the attention of my brother commanders to the necessity that exists of a good look out being always kept, whilst running down their eastings in a high southern latitude.

I am, &c.

R. THORNHILL,
Com., "Thomas Grenville."

To the Editor, &c. "December 18th, 1840.-At 2h. 45m., P.M., a sail was reported on the lee bow, but which I immediately made out to be an iceberg; kept away for it; and at 5h. 45m. passed about three hundred yards to windward of it, firing three 32-pounder shot at it, without much effect; the height of this mass was about 140 or 150 feet, and the circumference about a quarter of a mile the beautiful and varied shape it assumed, as the bright sun shone on it, I feel that any description would fail to give even a faint idea of, the sea was breaking in aw ful grandeur on one end of it, and a few detached pieces were floating about, between two of which we passed. The latitude of the iceberg was 40° 24′ south, and longitude 29° east, and was distant about eighteen miles when first seen from the deck. Ther. 67°, bar. 29.90, symp. 29-16."

[See our May number, p. 341, for further accounts of these dangers.—ED.]

Jerusalem Coffee House, August 1st, 1841. SIR.I beg to refer you for the benefit of all Commanders of ships, that on my passage out to New South Wales this last voyage, in command of the ship Royal George, on the 3rd of October, 1840, at 9h. 30m. A.M. saw two large icebergs, one bearing S.E. S. and the other E.b.S. At 11h. 15m. A.M. passed between them, distant from the northern berg about 15 miles, and from the southern berg about 9 miles, thermometer on deck in the shade 60°; observed at noon in latitude 36° 57′ S., lon

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