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CHINESE CHOPS-.The reader has probably encountered in the public journals, during the late transactions between the English and the Chinese some mention of the chops, or official documents of the Chinese empire, and might like to know what is the appearance presented by such documents. In the Museum of the Asiatic Society there is a "chop," the translation of which would probably not be a little curious. It is a kind of permit or license granted to the captain of the ship Sarah, for him to depart from Canton with his cargo for England. This was the first ship which left Canton for England after the throwing open of the China trade in 1834; having on board a cargo of silk, valued at £400,000. The chop is written on a sheet of paper, measuring about 3 feet by 2, and the writing with which the sheet is covered, in the Chinese character, consists of an enumeration of the qualities, importance, and virtues of the official personage who grants it; a statement of the reasons why the "stranger-person" is desirous of going to his own country; and an acknowledgment that all proper dues had been paid, and observances fulfilled by the captain, and a permission to him to set sail.

RACES OF LOUgh Strangford.

THE following information will be useful to persons unacquainted with the dangerous nature of the tide at the entrance of Lough Strangford :— MR. EDITOR.-It may, perhaps, be interesting, if not useful, to some of your readers to learn from authentic experiments, the rate of the tide in the narrows of Lough Strangford,-a port rendered so formidable by the Races off it as to be almost universally shunned even as a harbour of refuge. The tides at this port have been variously stated to run from eight to ten knots at the springs, and the frightful race which occurs upon the bar with southerly winds would certainly lead to that conclusion, but by actual experiment in the narrowest, and most rapid part of the channel (between the Perches off Bankmore); and on a day when there was a rise of thirty feet at Liverpool, I found its rate something under seven knots, on both flood and ebb, as shewn below.

In order to give it a fair trial I steamed into the strongest part of the tide, and regulated the speed of the vessel so as to keep two marks abreast precisely in one, and then by means of the patent log hauled in at each hour, determined the rate at which the water was passing the vessel. We did the same on both flood and ebb, and as this confirms several former experiments, of steaming into this Lough against spring tides, made without the log, I have no doubt that any vessel with a fair wind, that will sail eight and a half knots, would enter the Lough at any time, provided she could steer through the Race.

In making these experiments I found a singular effect produced upon the engine whenever the vessel came near the whirls, at the edge of which the tide runs strongest. Until we came into these places the speed of the vessel was 9.2 knots, and the revolutions 22, but directly we entered the eddy the revolutions were brought down to 19, and even 18, and the vessel could not be forced one foot over the tide which ran only

6.9 knots.

The vessel in which these experiments were made was 186-horse power; but on a former occasion in one of only 100-horse power whilst steaming in the same place, the engines suddenly stopped, and at the moment, I had no doubt, but that they had broken down, whilst the engineer as fully expected the ship was aground, as she had all the ! steam, and had been going eight knots. During the enquiry into this somewhat alarming occurrence (for anchors are of very little use in the stream of Lough Strangford,) the water boiled up from beneath the vessel, the engines started at their usual speed, and the vessel went on as before, but taking a broad sheer, which carried her out of the eddy. These whirls, as they are called, should therefore be carefully avoided by both steamers and sailing vessels, on account of the disadvantage to their progress; the probability of damage to the engine from being so suddenly arrested; and the terrible yaws they occasion, in spite of the helm, in a channel little more than a cable in width. Experiments on the Tide in Lough Strangford.

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ADMIRAL SIR THOMAS WILLIAMS was promoted to the rank of Captain in Nov. 1790, and at the commencement of the war, was appointed to the Lizard, of 28 guns, in which he captured several of the enemy's privateers. On the 30th August, 1795, when in command of the Unicorn, he captured the Comet Dutch brig of war, mounting 18 guns. The day before, in company with the Diana and Seahorse, he also took an East Indiaman and a South Sea Whaler, both of which had been conveyed from the Cape of Good Hope by the Comet. At day break on the morning of the 8th of June, 1796, Captain Williams being on a cruize to the westward of Scilly, in company with the Santa Margarita frigate, gave chase to two large frigates and a corvette. At 4 p.m. the sternmost ship, finding it impossible to escape, bore round to take the Santa Margarita, in which he was foiled by a skilful manoeuvre of her Commander, who laid his ship most ably alongside the enemy, and in less than twenty minutes compelled him to strike. The other frigate secing the fate of her companion, endeavoured to get the weather gage of the Unicorn; but by the judicious and seamanlike conduct of Captain Williams, his attempt proved unsuccessful. The parity of sailing in the two ships was such, that a running fight was kept up for ten hours, when our officer had the good fortune to close with his antagonist; a sharp contest ensued, and continued with great impetuosity for 35 minutes, when, on the smoke clearing away, the enemy was observed to have dropped on the Unicorn's quarter, with the intention to cross her stern, and gain the wind; this manoeuvre of the Frenchman's was most skilfully defeated, by Captain Williams instantly throwing his sails aback, by which means the ship gathered stern way, passed the enemy's bow, and resumed her former position. The action was now renewed with fresh vigour, but it lasted only a few minutes, when after much bravery and good seamanship had been displayed on both sides, the enemy's ship having her mizen-mast alone standing, surrendered. She proved to be La Tribune, commanded by Commodore Moulson, pierced for 48 guns, but only 41 mounted, of 332 men, 37 of whom were killed, and 15, including the Commodore wounded. The Unicorn's compliment of 251 men, was considerably weakened by ENLARGED SERIES.-NO. 11.-VOL. FOR 1841.

511

the absence of a Lieutenant, and several of her best seamen, in a prize recently captured; the total number of her crew in this action may therefore be fairly stated as not exceeding 240, of whom not a man was hurt. Soon after his return to port, Captain Williams received the honour of Knighthood, as a reward for his gallant conduct. Sir Thomas was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral in October, 1809, and between that period and 1814, hoisted his flag successively in the North Sea, at Lisbon, in the Channel fleet, and as Commander-in-chief at the Nore. In January 1815, he was made a Knight Commander of the Bath, and subsequently was nominated a Grand Cross of that Order. In January 1833, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, at Portsmouth, where he continued during the customary period of three years. The deceased was the benevolent founder of the Royal Naval Female School, towards which object he munificently presented £1000.

VICB-ADMIRAL SIR PATRICK CAMPBELL was fourth son of Mr. John Campbell, of Melfort, Argyleshire, was born in 1773, and was consequently in his 68th year. He entered the navy in 1788, since which time until after the peace, he was constantly engaged in the service. At the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, then a lieutenant, he commanded a light company of seamen, and in 1799 covered the landing of a division of the army in Holland. When in command of the advance of the British vessels in the Zuyder Sea, he gallantly cut out four of the enemy's gun-boats. In 1800, then in command of the Dart sloop, he carried by boarding, and brought out of the harbour of Dunkirk, the French frigate Desire of 40 guns, for which brave action he was posted, and received the order of the Bath. The late admiral was also actively employed in the command of the Unite and Leviathan in the Mediterranean, from 1807 to 1812. In 1825 Sir Patrick married Miss Wauchope, youngest daughter of Mr. Andrew Wauchope, of Niddrie, Marechall, N.B., by whom, we believe, he leaves a family. His commission bears date as follows,-Lieutenant, Sept. 25, 1794; Commander, Sept. 4, 1797; Captain, July 11, 1800; Rear-admiral, July 22, 1830; and Vice-admiral, June 28, 1838. He was nominated a Knight Commander of the Bath in April, 1836.

CAPTAIN SIR H. LB FLEMING SENHOUSE, KCH., was third son of the late Mr. W. Senhouse, surveyor-general of Barbados, and married in 1810 to Miss Manley, daughter and co-heiress of Vice-Admiral Manley. He entered the navy at an early age, and when midshipman, was present at the capture of Surinan, in 1799; and in 1809 assisted at the debarcation of the army at Martinique. Throughout the last American war he was actively engaged, and in 1813 he gallantly defended his sloop, the Martin, when attacked by an American flotilla, when aground at the mouth of the Delaware. The deceased captain was appointed to the command of her Majesty's ship the Blenheim, 72, in 1839, since which he has been employed in the China seas. In consideration of his services he was nominated a Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, April 13, 1832. His commissions bear date, Lieutenant, April 9, 1802; Commander, June 2, 1809; and Captain, Oct. 12, 1814.

ADMIRALTY ORDERS.

Admiralty, 28th Aug. 1841. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, referring to the 4th Sec. of the 6th Chap. Art. 5, of the instructions for Her Majesty's Service at Sea, in which it is directed that the Captains of Her Majesty's Ships are not to allow any person to Smoke Tobacco in any other part of the ship than the place appropriated for Sinoking, are pleased to direct, that the Captains and Commanding Officers of Her Majesty's Ships and Vessels do give most positive orders that no Smoking shall on any account be allowed In any part of the Ship except the Galley.

By Command of their Lordships,
J. PARKER.

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"Temperance Men," being embarked on board Her Majesty's Ships or Troop Ships, or in Transports or Freight Ships, such Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates shall be allowed double rations of Sugar, Cocon, and Tea, for each ration of Spirits stopped.

The Captains of Her Majesty's Ships and Troop Ships,
and the Masters of Transports and Freight Ships are
therefore hereby directed, at the end of the Certificates
signed by the Commanding officer of Troops embarked,
as to the accuracy of the Lists of the Troops victualled,
to add the following words "Except for the
Men marked from whom, as Temperance Men, there
has been stopped
rations of Spirits, and to
whom there has been issued, in lieu, a double allowance
of Sugar, Cocoa, and Tea.

By command of their Lordships.
SIDNEY HERBERT.

787

PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS.

(From the Naval and Military Gazette.)

Whitehall, Sept. 21st.-The Queen has been pleased to grant to Sir E. Lyons, Bart. Her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of Greece, Captain in the Royal Navy, and Knight Commander of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, her royal licence and permission, that he may accept and wear the insignia of the French Order of St. Louis, which his late Most Christian Majesty the King of France was pleased to confer upon him, in approbation of his services at the siege of the Castle of Morea.

Whitehall, Oct. 9th, 1841.-The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Knight of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto Henry Huntley, Esq., Commander in Her Majesty's Navy. SPECIAL PROMOTIONS FOR THE LATE OPERATIONS IN CHINA.

Her Majesty has been pleased to appoint Captain Thomas Herbert of the Royal Navy, Companion of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, to be a Knight Commander.

Admiralty, Oct. 15th-With reference to the Gazette of the 8th inst., the following Naval Promotions have taken place, dated on that day :

Lieutenants to be Commanders.

W. W. Chambers, H. Coryton, J. M. Hayes, P. W. Hamilton, and W. C. Wood. Mates to be Lieutenants.

R. L. Bryan, I. N. T. Sanley, H. Need, W. S. Miller, G. S. Tayler, T. W. Purver, and W. T. Bate.

PROMOTIONS.

LIEUTENANTS-J. Moore, J. Wood. MASTERS-T. Hancorn, F. W. Paul, H. Brehaut.

SURGEONS-T. H. Keown, J. Stewart, C. D. Steel, J. Bower, MD.

APPOINTMENTS.

CAPTAINS-G. F. Rich (1823) to Queen for the flag of Vice-admiral Sir E. Owen, v. H. I. Codrington, CB., (1836), to St. Vincent J. T. Nicolas, CB., KH., (1815) to Vindictive.

COMMANDERS-M. A. Slater (1837) a, to William and Mary-J. B. L. Hay to Queen-C. Bell (1830) to Hazard.

LIEUTENANTS-R. Bullen (1830) to Belvidera-Ellicombe to Niagara-Jas. Johnstone and W. Butler to Ardent W. Wilson (1841), T. McGregor (1827), and G. Johnson to North Star-H. Dumorsq (1838) to Caledonia-G. Ogle (1838) to Cambrian-P. Parkhurst (1841) L. Browell (1828), and D. Buchan (1841) to Vixen-F. Lowe (1837) and C. G. Rigge (1838) to Devastation-G. Smythe (1834) and F. W. C. Hickey (1841) to Volage-J. C. Johnston (1827), R. A. Oliver (1838), J. P. Thurburn (1841), and E. J. B. Clarke (1841) to Thalia A. P. Ryder (1841) to Belvidera-Thos. Edwards (1834) and P. Parkhurst (1841) to Styx-H. G. Morris (1837) and E. R. Power (1839) to Harlequin-J. C. Ro

binson (1838) and E. M. Noble (1841) to Serpent-E. B. Nott (1829) to Syren-J. B. West (1831) and C. B. Hamilton (1840) to Aigle-J. A. Abbott (1830) H. Eden (1837) and J. Hunt (1841) to Dido-H. Probyn (1841) to Isis-David Robertson (1841) to Hazard-A. Boyle (1830), Caffin, (1838), Cannon (1832), J. J. Robinson (1834), Wellington (1834), Fisher (1833), and Hamilton to QueenM. Peppin (1837) to Volage-J. Boxer (1840) to Niagara-H. Stewart (1840), W. Carr (1821), F. A. Ellis (1836), J. H. Gennys (1838), W. G. Luard (1841), to Vindictive-N. F. Edwards (1827), G. Wodehouse (1824), C. H. Binsted (1824), and C. C. Grey to St. Vincent-G. T. M. Purvis (1823) to Cambrian-E. Tatham to Spartan.

Lieut. F. J. F. Henslow (1829) is appointed to Travers' Naval College, Windsor, in the vacancy occasioned by the death of Lieut. W. Jones, a, (1799) Governor.

MASTERS-J. Doidge to Ardent-R. Wilson (1828) to Viper-J. H. Ashton and J. G. Mugford to Devastation-W. Dillon to Cruizer-J. F. Boxer (1838) to Volage-J. Tonkin (1832) act. to Formidable-W. D. Mainprise (1841) to Aigle-F. Edington (1841) to Harlequin -W. J. B. Hilliard (1841) to SerpentJ. Dor (1840) to Syren-R. C. Allen to Vixen F. W. Paul (1840) to HazardJ. C. Giles (1826) to Queen-C. Pope (1829) to Vindictive-J. Warner (a) to Ferret.

MATES-R. W. Alcock to Excellent H. Trollope and Davis to Ardent-R. Hopkins and R. L. Reynolds to Warspite -A. P. Arkwright to Pantaloon-F. L. Selwyn, H. D. Blanckley, and B. Rowles to Devastation-W. J. Everett to Caledonia-T. B. Stewart to Avon-G. A. Pharys to Driver-G. T. Graham (1841) to Belvidera-H. Clarke to North Star -H. M. Kinsman (1833), F. J. Hornby (1841) and W. P. S. Morton (1838) to Vindictive-D. B. Dawes (1822) and L. R. Place (1836) to Styx-W. Horton (1839), J. M. Boyd (1832), and J. C. Snell (1834) to St. Vincent-H. Bayley to Malabar.

SECOND-MASTERS-E. Fox to Apollo -W. Roberts to Dasher-G. Hodges to Warspite-J. Colman to Volcano-Stokes to Merlin-J. Gallon to Illustrious-J. Garner to Rhadamanthus--H. Dormer to Carron-J. Scarlet and H. Jackson to St. Vincent.

SURGEONS-H. Baker (1840) to Ardent -D. Geddes to Belvidera-A. Sanderson (1837) to North Star-T. Kittle to Cleopatra-A. Stewart (1816) to Powerful-J. Naulty (1838) to Vixen—R. L. Birtwhistle (1836) to Volage-J. Elliott to Devastation-W. Kent (1838) to Aigle -C. K. Nutt (1840) to Harlequin-J. Lambert (1838) to Serpent-W. Roy to Syren-D. G. Miller, MD. (1838) to Styx -R. Douglas (1831) to Thalia-A. Donoghoe (1825) to Dido-W. C. Watt, MD. (1819), and to be Deputy-Inspector of Hospitals to Queen-J. Drummond(1814) to St. Vincent-A. S. Allen (1828) to Vindictive-J. W. Bowler (1837) to Hazard-T. H. Keown (1841) to Snake. MASTERS-ASSISTANTS-W. C. Pyper to Illutrious-R. W. Ward to Cambrian G. Stabb to Belvidera.

MIDSHIPMENT. B. Crawford to Excellent-P. W. Darnell, W. Perrier, and B. Beale to Spartan-A. Percy to Warspite-E. D'Ath to Dido-D'Águilar to Vindictive-P. R. Couch to Caledonia.

VOLUNTEERS 1st Class-R. Dawns to Harlequin-G. D. Murray and E. H. Hatchwell to North Star-J. Barnard to

Madagascar-J. E. Riley to Isis-H. E. Dickson to Hastings-R. M. Moorman to Spartan-J. Mackie, T.W. Pratt, T. W. Haydon, and Malcom to Vindictive.

ASSISTANT-SURGEONS-T. Wells to Ceylon, for service of Malta HospitalDr. A. Battwell to Viper-G. Butler to Driver-J. Bolland to Volcano-Dr. W. Wood to Ardent-J. Bowman to Tweed -W. White to Thalia-C. D. Steel to Rhadamanthus-J. H. Paterson to Devastation-J. Simpson, MD. to Dido—J. Bower to Lynx-W. F. Carter to St. Vincent-S. E. Sandys and R. Fulton, MD. to Vindictive-W. Lawrence to Pantaloon-M. Burton, MD. to Ferret.

PURSERS-W. Stanway to Ardent—J. Millingham to Styx-J. H. Greaves to Spartan-J. Harshaw to Vixen-J. Grant to Devastation-J. H. Cook to Volage K. Sutherland to Harlequin-J. Brickwood to Syren-W. Freeman to AigleClatsworthy to Thalia-J. Bullman to Dido-W. A. Harries to Hazard-R. A. Godson to Serpent-G. V. Oughton to Queen, until he joins Sir E. OwenJ. Cole to Vindictive-J. Nicholls to Hastings.

CHAPLIN-Rev. J. Falls to St.Vincent NAVAL INSTRUCTOR-J. Mallard to St. Vincent.

CLERKS-H. Pinhorn (in charge) of Heroine v. — Bateman, whose appointment was cancelled at his own request, on account of ill-health-H. R. Cole to Skylark-E. Whitehead to North StarF. Rutter to Warspite-J. C. Aldridge to Forester-C. Hore to Driver-D. Clow to be secretary's clerk in Sir E. Codring ton's office-G. Munro to North StarC. Jenkins to Spartan-Barclay to Volage-E. E. Vidal to be secretary to Sir E. Owen-R. A. Clarke and C. Lyne, add. to St. Vincent-R. Curgenven to Cambrian-H. S. Dyer to Excellent.

COAST GUARD.

LIEUTENANT-J. Clark to the Coast Guard at Romney.

The following, from the Naval and Military Gazette, is a list of appointments to commands made by the late Admiralty during the month of August, 1841.—

FLAG OFFICERS.

Vice Admiral Sir Charles Adam (date of appointment, Aug. 17, 1841,) to be Commander in chief in the West Indies.

Rear Admiral Sir Francis Mason (date of appointment, Aug. 23, 1841,) to be second in command in the Mediterranean.

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