The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895-1904Cambridge University Press, 1988. 4. 29. - 208페이지 Between 1895 and 1904 a great wave of mergers swept through the manufacturing sector of the United States' economy. This book explores the causes of the mergers, arguing that there was nothing natural or inevitable about turn-of-the-century combinations. Despite this conclusion, the author does not accept the view that they were necessarily a threat to competition. She shows that most of these consolidations were less efficient that the new rivals that appeared almost immediately, and they quickly lost their positions of market dominance. More over, in most of those few cases where consolidations proved to be more efficient, the nation was better off for their formation. Some exceptions occurred, however, and in these instances anti-trust policy should have had a significant role to play. Unfortunately, the peculiar division of power and authority that characterizes the Federal system of government prevented an effective policy from emerging. Ironically, anti-trust policy proved much more effective against small firms in relatively competitive industries than large firms in oligopolistic ones. |
목차
Product differentiation mass production and the urge to merge competitive strategies and collusion in the late nineteenth century | 14 |
High fixed costs and rapid expansion a model of price warfare and two examples | 46 |
Quantitative and qualitative evidence on the great merger movement | 87 |
What changed? The impact of consolidations on competitive behavior | 118 |
The great merger movement and antitrust policy | 159 |
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AISA American Industry American Steel American Tin Plate antitrust policy capacity capital capital-intensive Carnegie Chandler Commissioner of Corporations competitors Cong consolida consolidation movement cut prices demand depression Directory earnings efficiency enterprises example federal fixed charges fixed costs growth high fixed costs Ibid increase independent firms indus Industrial Combinations International Paper Company invested Investigation of United Iron Age Iron and Steel January manufacturers merger movement monopoly nails newsprint nomic Oligopoly output Panic Paper Investigation Hearings Paper Trade Journal percent pig iron plants pool price competition price cutting price war price warfare product differentiation profits Pulp and Paper rail ratio raw materials Report on Trusts result rivals rolling mills Sherman Act Steel Corporation Steel Industry Tariff tin plate tion Trusts and Industrial U.S. Commissioner U.S. Congress U.S. Government Printing U.S. Industrial Commission U.S. Steel U.S. Supreme Court United States Steel University Press variable vertical integration wire-nail York