Report, 2±Ç

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U.S. Government Printing Office, 1886

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169 ÆäÀÌÁö - But we think the sound construction of the constitution must allow to the national legislature that discretion, with respect to the means by which the powers it confers are to be carried into execution, which will enable that body to perform the high duties assigned to it in the manner most beneficial to the people.
167 ÆäÀÌÁö - It is the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. This power, like all others vested in congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the constitution.
167 ÆäÀÌÁö - The genius and character of the whole government seem to be, that its action is to be applied to all the external concerns of the nation, and to those internal concerns which affect the States generally; but not to those which are completely within a particular state, which do not affect other states, and with which it is not necessary to interfere, for the purpose of executing some of the general powers of the government. The completely internal commerce of a State, then, may be considered as reserved...
168 ÆäÀÌÁö - They form a portion of that immense mass of legislation which embraces everything within the territory of a State not surrendered to the General Government, all which can be most advantageously exercised by the States themselves.
166 ÆäÀÌÁö - As men whose intentions require no concealment generally employ the words which most directly and aptly express the ideas they intend to convey, the enlightened patriots who framed our constitution, and the people who adopted it, must be understood to have employed words in their natural sense, and to have intended what they have said.
169 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... (This great principle is, that the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme ; that they control the constitution and laws of the respective states, and cannot be controlled by them.
169 ÆäÀÌÁö - ... or rob the mail. It may be said, with some plausibility, that the right to carry the mail, and to punish those who rob it, is not indispensably necessary to the establishment of a post-office and post-road.
168 ÆäÀÌÁö - All experience shows that the same measures, or measures scarcely distinguishable from each other, may flow from distinct powers ; but this does not prove that the powers themselves are identical. Although the means used in their execution may sometimes approach each other so nearly as to be confounded, there are other situations in which they are sufficiently distinct to establish their individuality.
168 ÆäÀÌÁö - No direct general power over these objects is granted to Congress, and consequently they remain subject to state legislation. If the legislative power of the Union can reach them it must be for national purposes; it must be where the power is expressly given for a special purpose, or is clearly incidental to some power which is expressly given.
171 ÆäÀÌÁö - The nullity of any act inconsistent with the constitution is produced by the declaration that the constitution is the supreme law.

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