such books as could be spared should be sent to the outlying districts of the archipelago.

The offer of the association was accepted, and by a law enacted March 5, 1901, it was provided that the military governor should appoint a board of trustees, to consist of five members resident or stationed in the Philippine Islands, two of whom should be members of the Army or Navy of the United States and two of whom should be natives of the islands. Under this law the trustees were charged with the care and custody of the books and other property of the American Circulating Library Association of Manila, with the duty of providing the necessary rooms or buildings, of appointing the necessary librarians, janitors, and other employees, and of making rules for the circulation of the books in accordance with the terms and conditions of the trust. This library has been open to the public since March 9, 1900. During this period the library has continually increased and at the beginning of October, 1902, it contained 13,000 volumes, almost entirely gifts from America. The later additions have been of excellent quality and seem to indicate that although the bulk of the army is withdrawn from the islands, the library, which had its main original purpose in furnishing a source of knowledge and profitable entertainment for the soldiers, should remain an established institution and become an important public library for residents of Manila. Notwithstanding the withdrawal of the army the number of books taken out during the last months has shown a marked increase. One thousand four hundred and ninety-seven were taken out in July, 1,525 in August, and 1,656 in September. Recognizing the need of more central and better quarters for the library, the authorities have in contemplation providing a suitable building with free and airy reading rooms, in which it is expected the library will come to perform the real functions of a public library; and there are indications that the friends of the institution who gave their time and their energy to its foundation and early support will continue to give their assistance to the work of collecting books with which to insure its continuous growth.

THE MUSEUM.

Recognizing the advisability of beginning early to make collections illustrating the ethnology, natural history, and commerce of the Philippines, the Commission passed an act October 29, 1901, establishing in Manila an insular museum of ethnology, natural history, and commerce, and appropriated $8,000 in money of the United States for maintaining the same and paying the expenses of collecting, caring for, and preserving the objects illustrating the ethnology of the Philippine Islands. The museum thus established was placed temporarily under the immediate direction of the chief of the bureau of non-Christian tribes, and he was authorized to expend, from time to time, such sums out of this appropriation as he might find necessary for the collection of the objects authorized by this act to be purchased. Under this act a large amount of material illustrating the ethnology of the islands has been collected, and is now preserved in the building at No. 228 Calle Nueva, now used as a museum. A proper structure to be used as a museum and public library is very much needed at the present time.

One of the divisions of the museum is devoted to ethnology. In a pamphlet issued by the bureau of non-Christian tribes, giving direcWAR 1902—VOL 10, PT 2—————–14

tions to volunteer field workers, some space was devoted to the museum, asking the cooperation of teachers, provincial officers, officers of the army, and Americans and Filipinos generally in the work of making representative collections of specimens illustrating the industries, customs, and mode of life of the many tribes living in these islands. In view of the fact that many of the best of such specimens were rapidly disappearing, a special plea was made that such objects as had already been collected might be placed in a public museum rather than be held in private collections. Much correspondence has resulted, some specimens have been secured by purchase and as gifts to the museum, and various small sums of money have been placed, largely with teachers, for the further collection of specimens.

It was soon apparent, however, that the best way to make collections was to send into the field for that purpose representatives of the museum who would be careful to gather all the necessary information relative to the objects collected. All expeditions made by the bureau of non-Christian tribes serve also as collecting trips for the museum of ethnology. A limited amount of exceptionally good material has already been secured. The first collecting was done in December, 1901, among the Moros of Sulu and Mindanao, by Dr. P. L. Sherman, who secured nearly 300 specimens of the implements of industry, arms, dress, and other manufactured products of the Moros. In the same month Maj. W. H. C. Bowen, then governor of Abra Province, in an expedition through the south and east of that province, gathered about 100 specimens of Tinguiane art and manufacture. Expeditions conducted by the bureau of non-Christian tribes through Benguet, LepantoBontoc, Nueva Vizcaya, and the Cagayan Valley, begun in June and not yet ended, promise rich results in the matter of ethnological collections among the Igorrotes and other tribes of those regions.

Among the gifts to the museum may be mentioned specimens of Igorrote shields and wood fiber blankets by Mr. R. H. Morley. Though properly belonging to the field of natural history, here, too, may be mentioned a collection of birds' eggs presented to the museum by Judge Ignacio Villamor.

It is the aim of the museum of ethnology to obtain specimens of every article made or used by every tribe in the archipelago. A definite plan will be followed in the display of these objects similar to that adopted by the United States National Museum, using the family as a unit. This is a work that will require many years for its accomplishment. Many things possessing an ethnologic interest are doomed to disappear with the progress of civilization, but before they disappear special effort will be made to secure specimens to be preserved in the museum.

Another division of the museum is devoted to natural history. Work in this branch began November 25, 1901, with the appointment of a collector of natural history specimens and a native assistant. Thus far the specimens collected have been chiefly birds and mammals. The collectors accompanied the secretary of the interior and the commissioner of public health on a trip made in December, 1901, for the purpose of selecting a site for a leper colony, and made collections on the islands of Mindoro, Cagayan de Jolo, Palawan, Cuyo, and Culion during brief visits made to the several islands mentioned. During this hasty trip 137 bird skins were secured, including two specimens

of an undescribed Chibia from Cuyo. Two specimens of an undescribed squirrel shrew were also obtained in Cuyo.

During February and March five weeks were spent by the collectors in work at the base and upon the steep sides of Mount Mariveles. in the province of Bataan. The hitherto unexplored island of Ticao was then visited, and an exhaustive collection of its birds was made, after which a considerable collection was secured on the neighboring island of Masbate.

The collectors are at present working on the island of Lubang, north of Mindoro. Collections have never before been made on this island, and interesting results are anticipated.

A small collection of the rarer highland birds of Luzon was made in Benguet in July by the secretary of the interior while absent on sick leave and donated to the museum.

One thousand two hundred and ninety-one bird skins have thus far been collected, the number of species represented being 209. A considerable number of the rarer land birds of the Philippines are included in this collection, and in several instances where species have hitherto been shown only of individuals of one sex individuals of the other sex have been secured.

Seven species have been added to the list of birds known to inhabit the Philippines. Five species have been added to the known avifauna of Luzon, 1 to that of Mindoro, 3 to that of Culion, 1 to that of Palawan, 12 to that of Cagayan de Jolo, 22 to that of Cuyo, and 10 to that of Masbate, while from the island of Ticao 91 species have been recorded.

Two bulletins, one setting forth in detail the results thus far obtained and the other giving a list of specimens offered in exchange, have been sent to the public printer.

It is proposed to send the collectors in the near future to the Batanes and Babuyanes islands, between Luzon and Formosa, and to Apo, Banton, Burias, Polillo, and the Camotes group, and as opportunity offers they will visit the almost unknown highland regions of Mindoro, Palawan, Mindanao, Biliran, and Panay. Special attention will be given to the gathering of the material necessary to settle problems of geographical distribution which are as yet unsolved.

A good beginning has also been made in the field of entomology, and the cooperation of an unusually well-trained and enthusiastic American teacher now stationed on the island of Negros has been secured in the work of collecting specimens. So far about 10,000 specimens, representing nearly 1,000 species, have been collected, but are yet to be classified. Outside of these two lines of natural history nothing has so far been attempted.

A third division of the museum is devoted to articles illustrating industry and commerce. Active work in the commercial museum was not begun until July, 1902, when the division of commerce was organized and placed in charge of a clerk chosen especially for this task. To acquaint himself with the work of similar institutions, the chief of the bureau of non-Christian tribes visited in the past year the commercial museums of Japan at Tokyo, Kyoto, and Nagasaki, the Philadephia Museum of Commerce, and the recently inaugurated Pacific Commercial Museum, of San Francisco.

With the advent of peace and appropriate legislation capital will

seek investment in the Philippines. The commercial museum thoroughly equipped with a collection of the products of the islands, an accurate knowledge of their needs for improved methods and machinery, and complete, comprehensive, and reliable data concerning their productive resources and their domestic and foreign commerce will be of great value not only to investors, but more especially in giving direction to the intelligent and economic development of the resources of the archipelago.

The following is an outline of the work already undertaken:

1. The collection and exhibition, both in crude and manufactured form, of the commercial products of the islands.

2. The collection of data concerning the resources of the islands. 3. The collection and exhibition of the articles imported from other countries.

4. The collection of data concerning commercial possibilities, especially in the Orient, with a view to the extension of the markets for Philippine products.

It is the aim of the commercial museum to use the data and exhibits thus collected to aid persons in the intelligent development of the resources of the archipelago, and to aid in the extension of the domestic and foreign trade relations of the islands. The museum is in correspondence with 22 United States consuls in the Orient, with all the chambers of commerce, and nearly all the important business firms in the city of Manila, and with some of the foreign consuls in Manila for the purpose of collecting desirable information and encouraging cooperation. Correspondence has also been begun with the commercial museums of Philadelphia and San Francisco and with the four commercial museums of Japan.

In addition to making collections in the field, the work of reading and indexing all publications bearing on the resources and commercial interests of the Philippines has been undertaken and an index established of all information received from correspondents. The information gathered will be made the basis of bulletins, which will be published from time to time for distribution in the United States and elsewhere. As soon as the collection of products warrants it exhibits may be exchanged with the commercial museums of the United States and other countries. Also representative exhibits of the most important products of the Philippines will be placed in the best markets abroad.

STATISTICS.

After the resignation of Mr. Carl C. Plehn as chief of the bureau of statistics on the 1st of March, 1901, the clerks of this bureau were transferred to other bureaus, and the work was for the time being suspended. The unsettled condition of the population, the abnormal state of trade, and the desirability of minimizing the expenses of the government made it appear advisable to delay the reorganization and expansion of this bureau. In December, 1901, however, Dr. Manuel Xerez Burgos was appointed clerk in the bureau of statistics and was given possession of the records and material of the office, and directed to gather and put in proper order such statistics concerning the Philippine Islands, their population and economical and social affairs, as might be desirable to publish and present at the proposed exhibition at St. Louis. When it became necessary to take the census of the islands

under the act of Congress of July 1, 1902, it was deemed advisable to do this by a temporary organization rather than to intrust it to the bureau of statistics sufficiently enlarged for the purpose.

THE CENSUS.

In conformity of the act of Congress approved July 1, 1902, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the administration of affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," the Commission, on October 6, 1902, passed act No. 467, to provide for taking a census; and on the same day, by authority of the President of the United States, appointed Brig. Gen. J. P. Sanger, U. S. Army, director of the census, and later, on the 16th of October, appointed Henry W. Gannett and Victor H. Olmstead, of Washington, D. C., assistant directors.

The census will include all the islands and their inhabitants as far as may be practicable.

The inquiries relating to the Christian tribes will be classified by municipalities and barrios, and will include the number of persons in each by name, color, sex, age, conjugal condition; whether deaf, dumb, blind, or insane; nationality, citizenship, occupation, education, and the ownership of houses. The agricultural schedule will inquire as to the race of owners and renters of farms and plantations, and the proportion of each; rentals, and how paid; total area of farms and plantations; area cultivated prior to 1896, and now; wooded area and character of trees, as high or low; number of live stock of all kinds; and the amount and value of the crops for 1902. Schedule No. 3 is devoted to the schools, whether public, private, or religious; scope of instruction, and number, kind, and capacity of school buildings; amount paid in rentals; number, nationality, and religion of teachers; race and number of free and paying pupils; average attendance, and the number able to speak and understand English and Spanish. Schedule No. 4 will show the mortuary statistics of each municipality in 1902, as far as may be. Schedule No. 5 will show the social and Schedule No. 6 the industrial statistics of each municipality. Schedule No. 7 is for the non-Christian and wild tribes and covers such general statistics as are probably obtainable, but no attempt will be made to enumerate such tribes individually, except where they are tractable, accessible, and live in compact communities. It is proposed to collect the statistics of the Moros through the commanding general, Division of the Philippines, and the admiral of the navy commanding, as they are under military and naval control. It is not practicable to determine on what day the census will be taken, but it will not be later than April 1, 1903, and possibly earlier. Meanwhile, the personnel will be appointed and thoroughly instructed, as any attempt to instruct them after the census has been commenced will be futile.

THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE.

The publication of an official gazette under the general direction of the department of public instruction was authorized by an act passed September 2, 1902. The immediate management of this periodical is in the hands of an editor who was appointed by the civil governor, by and with the consent of the Commission, and who is assisted by a num