(2) Alone, it means "Take proper or assigned position or station." Over one or two numeral flags (0 to 18), it means "Take station on relative bearing from this or designated ship or unit as indicated in tens of degrees, counting from ahead and to the right."

(4) Under one or two numeral flags (0 to 18), it means "Take station on relative bearing from this or designated ship or unit as indicated in tens of degrees, counting from ahead and to the left."'

(5) Over three numeral flags (000 to 359), it means "Take station to the right and on true compass bearing from this or designated ship or unit as indicated."'

(6) Under three numeral flags (000 to 359), it means "Take station to the left and on true compass bearing from this or designated ship or unit as indicated."

(7) Over four numeral flags, it indicates north latitude or west longitude (hundreds of degrees omitted). Thus latitude 31-26 north, longitude 108-23 west, would be "position pennant 3126, position pennant 0823.'

(8) Under four numeral flags, it means south latitude or east longitude (hundreds of degrees omitted). Thus, latitude 62-41 south, longitude 13-47 east, would be 6241 position pennant, 1347 position pennant."

(9) In latitude and longitude signals latitude is always made first. (10) In routine position reports by flag hoist the position pennant may be omitted if no confusion will arise.

(11) The position pennant is also used with letters for arbitrary signals concerning position or station.

(12) In mooring ship in formation, hoisted at the fore at the dip when the first anchor is let go, at the foretruck when the second anchor is let go, and hauled down when the chains have been hove in to the prescribed scope.

SPEED PENNANT.

SPEED

PENNANT

287. Speed pennant (—

...

or "four dashes S" made as one character). Written "Speed.

(1) The speed pennant is distinctive of all speed signals.

(2) Speed pennant over numeral flags 6 to 40, inclusive, "Standard speed in knots is as indicated."

(3) Speed pennant over numeral flags greater than 40, "Standard speed in tenths of knots is as indicated.

(4) Speed pennant under numeral flags 6 to 40, inclusive, "Steam at speed in knots as indicated."

(5) Speed pennant under numeral flags greater than 40, "Steam at speed in tenths of knots as indicated."

(6) Speed pennant over "B" flag, "Back." Speed pennant over zero flag, "Stop. Speed pennant over 1-flag, "Steam at onethird speed. Speed pennant over 2-flag, "Steam at two-thirds speed. Speed pennant over 3-flag, "Steam at standard speed.' Speed pennant over 4-flag, “Steam at full speed." Speed pennant over 5-flag, "Steam at flank speed."

(7) The speed pennant is used with letters for arbitrary signals concerning speed.

(8) Hoisted at the port yardarm on ships at anchor during meal hours for the crew.

(9) Hoisted at the main just below the admiral's flag means "The admiral is about to leave the ship officially."

down as he leaves the ship.

It is hauled (10) Hoisted at the yardarm by a ship under way is a speed indicator.

TURN PENNANT.

TURN
PENNANT

288. The turn pennant (

or "four dashes V" made as one character). Written "Turn. (1) The turn pennant is distinctive of all signals for "turn together" or simultaneous turns by ships (ships right, etc.).

(2) The turn pennant alone means "Resume former course, ships turning together.

(3) Över one or two numeral flags (1 to 18), it means "Ships right the angle indicated in tens of degrees."

(4) Under one or two numeral flags (1 to 18), it means "Ships left the angle indicated in tens of degrees.

(5) Ŏver three numeral flags (000 to 359), it means "Ships right to the true compass course indicated."

(6) Under three numeral flags (000 to 359), it means "Ships left to the true compass course indicated.'

(7) If in column, or column of unit guides, any of the above turn pennant signals under the squadron flag or division flag means that the movement is to be carried out by squadrons (or divisions) in succession from ahead, each squadron or division executing the turn

by simultaneous movement of ships, each unit in the same water as that ahead.

(8) Turn pennant signals over the squadron flag or division flag are used primarily in the presence of the enemy. They mean "Execute the turn pennant signal by squadrons (or divisions) in succession from the rear, rear squadron (or division) proceeding with the maneuver as soon as the signal is seen, other squadrons (or divisions) turning as soon as the next unit astern has begun to turn.

SQUADRON FLAG.

SQUADRON
FLAG

289. The squadron flag (... — or "SQ" made as one character). Written "Squad."

(1) The squadron flag is used in two ways: (a) In calls, either as an address

or as a designating signal; and (b), in signals proper. The two uses

can not be confused as it is never used in both senses in the same hoist. When used in its call sense it is separated from the signal by a numeral pennant, tack line, or designating pennant, in flag hoists, and by the signal sign (. . ——) or designating pennant sign

-) in dot and dash.

(2) As the first flag of a signal it means that the purport of the signal will be carried out by each squadron individually; that is, in the same manner as if the signal without the squadron flag had been addressed to each squadron by its commander. Such signals are executed simultaneously by all squadrons, except in the case of turn pennant signals, which when made under the squadron flag are executed by squadrons in succession from ahead.

(3) Under course or turn pennant signals it means that the movement will be executed by squadrons in succession from the rear. (4) Under formation pennant signals it means that the bearing prescribed is that of squadron guides from the guide of the fleet or from the guide of such other organization composed of squadrons as may be addressed.

or as a designating signal; and (b), in signals proper. The two uses can not be confused as it is never used in both senses in the same hoist. When used in its call sense it is separated from the signal by a numeral pennant, tack line, or designating pennant, in flag hoists, and by the signal sign (. . — —) or designating pennant sign in dot and dash.

(2) As the first flag of a signal it means that the purport of the signal will be carried out by each division individually; that is, in the same manner as if the signal without the division flag had been addressed to each division by its commander. Such signals are executed simultaneously by all divisions, except in the case of turn pennant signals, which when made under the division flag are executed by divisions in succession from ahead.

(3) Under course or turn pennant signals it means that the movement will be executed by divisions in succession from the rear.

(4) Under formation pennant signals it means that the bearing prescribed is that of division guides from the guide of the fleet, squadron, or detachment addressed.

DESIGNATING PENNANT.

DESIGNATING

PENNANT

291. Designating pennant (- • -). Written "Desig.

(1) Under one call and over another call it directs the attention of the former ship or unit to the latter ship

or unit, as, for example, when the flagship wants to inform a ship that she is being called by another ship.

(2) Over a call and used in connection with a signal, it completes the meaning of the signal by referring to, indicating, or designating a ship, unit, or class of ships whose call follows it.

(3) Hoisted with alphabet flags, either over them or as a separate hoist at the same yardarm, it indicates that the alphabet flags represent letters spelling a word. It is used for this purpose only in flag hoists.

ANSWERING AND DECIMAL PENNANT.

ANSWERING
PENNANT

292. When used as an answering pennant it has no dot and dash equivalent. (1) Hoisted at the yardarm it answers a flag hoist call for a bridge dispatch. While hoisted it indicates that the mes

sage is being read; when hauled down, that it is received; and if dipped that the last word was not received and should be repeated. When several ships are in company, and particularly on flagships, the answering pennant should be hoisted under the call of the ship answered in order to avoid confusion.

(2) Hoisted by a senior ship at the yardarm and under the call of a junior ship, it indicates the receipt of a routine flag hoist signal from the junior ship.

When used as the decimal or half pennant, the dot and dash equivalent is. ——•— or "PT" made as one character.

(1) In numeral flag hoists it represents the decimal point. When used as the last flag of a numeral hoist, it represents "one-half"; thus, "Turn pennant, one flag, answering pennant"-"Ships right 15°

(2) Under (or over). the course or turn pennants it indicates a successive or simultaneous change of course of 5° to the right (left).

TACK LINE.

293. Tack line (-.-.. "TL" made as one character). Written "Tack." In flag hoists a piece of line 6 feet long fitted with a ring and snap like a flag and used to separate flags of the same hoist, which, if hoisted at the ordinary distance apart, would convey a different meaning from that intended.

(1) In flag hoists it separates a single-alphabet flag used as a call from the signal proper.

(2) It is used in certain direct-reading signals for clearness.

Where no confusion will result it may be used to separate distinct signals made at the same point of hoist.

SIGNALS SIGN.

294. The signals sign (..) is used only in dot and dash. (1) It follows the heading and immediately precedes the signal as given in the signal book.

66

(2) It means The following letters, numerals, or special signs are to be interpreted as given in the signal books." This meaning governs until terminated by the "executive" or "designating" sign.